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grammaire anglaise > groupe verbal

 

formes verbales > expression du passé

 

past perfect (hadauxiliaire + participe passé) > valeurs

 

bilan sur une période passée

 

antériorité

 

hypothèse

 

 

 

 

The Guardian        G2        p. 4        7.2.2007

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Present perfect et past perfect (appelé aussi pluperfect)

se construisent avec haveauxiliaire.

 

 

Rappel : dans certaines grammaires,

-EN est le symbole du participe passé,

et non sa terminaison (ex : thought, taken, become, cut, worked).

 

 

Actif : have / had est suivi du participe passé.

Present perfect :  haveauxiliaire + participe passé.

Past perfect  : hadauxiliaire + participe passé.

 

 

Passif : have / had est suivi de been et du participe passé.

Present perfect : haveauxiliaire + been + participe passé.

Past perfect : hadauxiliaire + been + participe passé.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.    Comme le present perfect,

le past perfect

(hadaux + parfticipe passé)

sert notamment à faire un bilan,

mais dans un contexte passé,

sur une période révolue.

 

 

Cette forme verbale

s'insère donc dans un passage

où les autres verbes sont au prétérit

(concordance / cohérence des temps).

 

 

 

 

The Guardian        Weekend        p. 8        20 December 2008

http://digital.guardian.co.uk/guardian/2008/12/20/pdfs/gdn_081220_wnd_8_21401689.pdf

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Doc Watson,

Blind Guitar Wizard Who Influenced Generations,

Dies at 89

 

May 29, 2012
The New York Times
By WILLIAM GRIMES

 

Doc Watson, the guitarist and folk singer whose flat-picking style

elevated the acoustic guitar to solo status in bluegrass and country music,

and whose interpretations of traditional American music

profoundly influenced generations of folk and rock guitarists,

died [ prétérit ] on Tuesday in Winston-Salem, N.C. He was [ prétérit ] 89.



Mr. Watson, who had been

[ bilan d'une période passée, puisqu'il y a décès > past perfect ]

blind since he was a baby, died [ prétérit ] in a hospital

after recently undergoing abdominal surgery,

The Associated Press quoted [ prétérit ] a hospital spokesman as saying.

On Thursday his daughter, Nancy Ellen Watson,

said he had been hospitalized after falling at his home in Deep Gap, N.C.,

adding that he did not break any bones but was very ill.

    Doc Watson, Blind Guitar Wizard Who Influenced Generations, Dies at 89, NYT, 29.5.2012,
    http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/30/arts/music/doc-watson-folk-musician-dies-at-89.html
 

 

 

 

 

 

Border shelling overshadows

U.S.-Pakistan-Afghan talks

 

KABUL/ISLAMABAD | Mon Jun 27, 2011
1:08pm EDT
Reuters
By Alistair Scrutton
and Myra MacDonald

 

KABUL/ISLAMABAD (Reuters) -

Fighting across the Pakistan-Afghanistan border

will overshadow talks when the two countries

meet along with the United States on Tuesday

to map out plans for reconciliation with the Taliban.

 

Pakistan on Monday rejected [ prétérit ] Afghan allegations

it had fired  [ bilan dans un contexte passé > past perfect ]

470 rockets into Afghanistan over the past three weeks,

saying only that "a few accidental rounds" may have crossed the border

when it pursued militants who had attacked its security forces.

But the escalation of fighting on the border

between Pakistan's ethnic Pashtun tribal areas and Afghanistan

has underscored the difficulties the three countries face in working together

to reach a political settlement to the 10-year Afghan war.

Border shelling overshadows U.S.-Pakistan-Afghan talks, R, 27.6.2011,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/27/us-pakistan-afghanistan-idUSTRE75Q15920110627

 

 

 

 

 

From Bloody Scene to E.R.,

Life-Saving Choices in Tucson

 

January 14, 2011
The New York Times
By DENISE GRADY
and JENNIFER MEDINA

 

TUCSON —

The moment Tony Compagno stepped off his fire engine,

frantic people spattered with blood began running up

to direct him to gunshot victims.

Among the wounded was Representative Gabrielle Giffords,

who had been shot in the head.

Mr. Compagno was one of the first paramedics to reach

the scene of the shooting rampage

at a shopping center in Tucson last Saturday.

“Lots of people were laying on the ground,” said Mr. Compagno,

from Fire Station 30 the in Northwest Fire/Rescue District of Tucson.

 

(...)

 

A First Funeral

Dr. Friese does not remember seeing any of the patients

come through the doors of the trauma center last Saturday

— except for Christina.

Five days after the girl’s death, his secretary told him

he was invited to Christina’s funeral.

He did not ask from whom the invitation came.

Was it from the family?

Or did the nurses planning to share a bus

to join the thousands of mourners seek him out?

It did not matter.

Without hesitating, he decided he would go.

There was no time for Dr. Friese to meet Mr. and Mrs. Green on Saturday.

He was too busy attending to other patients,

so it fell to a pediatric specialist to tell them the outcome.

And he did not meet them Thursday either.

“I’m very glad that I didn’t meet her parents,” he said.

“I think I would have had trouble. I would have had emotional ...”

His voice trailed off.

“I would have embarrassed myself,” he said.

He closed his eyes for just a moment and sighed once more.

“I usually don’t get upset.”

He add, “I don’t know why, it’s just tough.”

When he showed up [ prétérit ] at the funeral

in his blue scrubs and his white surgeon’s jacket,

police officers helped [ prétérit ] him move through the overflow crowd

waiting outside the church.

He was ushered right in. [ prétérit passif ]

It was  [ prétérit ] the first time

he had ever attended a patient’s funeral.

[ bilan dans un contexte passé > past perfect ]

    From Bloody Scene to E.R., Life-Saving Choices in Tucson, NYT, 14.1.2011,
    http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/15/us/15medical.html

 

 

 

 

 

Hospitals Send Bill

After Mental Patients Pursue Damages

 

December 24, 2010
The New York Times
By ALISON LEIGH COWAN

 

Daniel J. Langevin was [ prétérit ] 35, mentally ill and broke.

He had been living in psychiatric institutions on and off since his early 20s.

[ bilan dans un contexte passé > past perfect en -ing ]  

A friend who visited him at the Rochester Psychiatric Center in February 1995

remembered that Mr. Langevin had pain in his jaw,

eye and face that was not getting much attention from the staff.

A week later, he was discovered unconscious,

with a near-fatal infection spreading to his brain and other organs.

Mr. Langevin sued New York State,

which operates the hospital, and probably would have won a sizable award.

But the state countered by demanding that Mr. Langevin reimburse it $1.7 million

for 10 years of inpatient care he had received.

A judge sided with the state, and Mr. Langevin wound up with nothing.
 

    Hospitals Send Bill After Mental Patients Pursue Damages, NYT, 25.12.2010,
    http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/25/nyregion/25damages.html

 

 

 

 

 

WASHINGTON (Reuters) -

Iraq had [ prétérit ] no stockpiles of biological and chemical weapons

before last year's U.S.-led invasion

and its nuclear program had decayed

[ bilan dans un contexte passé > past perfect ]

since the 1991 Gulf War,

a weapons inspector appointed by the Bush administration

said [ prétérit ] on Wednesday.

    U.S. Inspector at Odds with Bush on Iraq Weapons, R, Wed Oct 6, 2004 11:58 AM ET,
     http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=
    AKEGIID0XPJQICRBAE0CFEY?type=topNews&storyID=6430642

 

 

 

 

 

A statement released on behalf of the company that owns the transporter,

Elliott Sargeant of Totton, Southhampton,

said [ prétérit ] it was [ prétérit ] "devastated".

It had been [ bilan dans un contexte passé > past perfect ]

the first accident involving one of its vehicles

in more than eight years of trading.

    Five killed as pile-up brings M1 to a halt, GI, p. 7, 12.6.2003,
    http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,3604,975520,00.html?79%3A+Uk+news+-+guardian

 

 

 

 

 

Mr Blunkett also confirmed [ prétérit ]

that police numbers had reached [ bilan dans un contexte passé > past perfect ]

a record high of 136,386, breaking the government's target

by nearly 4,000 six months early.

    Bring back our bobby, say gun victim's daughters :
    Family of woman shot dead in jewellery shop reveal husband's pleas for more police patrols
    as they urge Blunkett to do more to stop crime,
    G, 3.10.2003, http://www.guardian.co.uk/crime/article/0,2763,1054978,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. Past Perfect > valeurs

 

Marquage de l'antériorité

par rapport à un fait  passé (past > prétérit)

 

 

 

 

Fifty years ago, on Saturday, February 28, 1953,

two young scientists walked [ prétérit ] into the Eagle,

a dingy pub in Cambridge, England,

and announced [ concordance des temps > prétérit ]

to the lunchtime crowd that they had discovered

[ antériorité par rapport à un instant passé > past perfect ]

the secret of life.

Double Helix Leaps Fom Lab to Real Life, NYT/Le Monde, 9/10.3.2003.

 

 

----- A (had discovered ) ---------------- B (walkedannounced / 28.02.1953) --------------->

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Recent Drone Strikes Strain U.S. Ties

With Afghanistan and Pakistan

 

November 29, 2013
The New York Times
By ROD NORDLAND
and SALMAN MASOOD

 

(...)

The coalition official confirmed [ prétérit ]

that two drone attacks had taken place

[ antériorité > past perfect ] in Helmand Province on Thursday.

The first, in Garmsir district,

targeted an insurgent commander traveling on a motorcycle,

but the missile missed him and apparently hit civilians;

one child was reported killed, and two women were severely wounded.

The targeted man fled on foot and was killed by a later drone strike.

In the second attack, in Nawa Barak Sai district nearby,

a drone strike killed [ prétérit ]

a single insurgent who had been targeted, [ antériorité > past perfect passif ]

causing no civilian casualties, the official said.

But Mr. Karzai’s spokesman, Aimal Faizi, disputed the NATO account.

He said that in the first instance, American drones fired missiles at the man

while he was riding a motorbike but also while he was hiding in a house.

Omar Zwak, the spokesman for the Helmand governor,

identified the target of the strike as Mullah Nazar Gul,

who he said was a bomb maker.

Mr. Zwak said [ prétérit ]

the man had been killed inside a house.

[ antériorité > past perfect passif ]

    Recent Drone Strikes Strain U.S. Ties With Afghanistan and Pakistan,
    NYT, 29.11.2013,
    http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/30/world/asia/drone-strike-pakistan.html

 

 

 

 

 

Freed From Prison,

Long Island Man Takes to Pulpit

 

December 24, 2010
The New York Times
By SARAH MASLIN NIR

 

CORAM, N.Y. — A Long Island man whose prison sentence

in the fatal shooting a 17-year-old in front of his home

was commuted by Gov. David A. Paterson

said  [ prétérit ] Friday that he was haunted [ prétérit passif ]

by what he had done. [ antériorité > past perfect ]

    Freed From Prison, Long Island Man Takes to Pulpit, NYT, 24.12.2010,
    http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/25/nyregion/25white.html

 

 

 

 

 

ALEXANDRIA, La. (AP) -- Police shot to death [ prétérit ]

a man who had shot [ antériorité > past perfect ] five people

in a downtown law office and holed up in the building for hours,

firing at officers and holding two victims inside.

    Police Kill Man Who Shot 5 at La. Office, NYT, 5.10.2007,
    http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/us/AP-Louisiana-Shooting.html

 

 

 

 

 

FALLUJA, Iraq, Nov. 8 - The two marines were pinned down [ prétérit passif ]

on a roof on Monday, pressing themselves against a low, crumbling wall

as insurgents fired rocket-propelled grenades at them

from a building near the middle of town.

Hours before, they had clambered
[ antériorité > past perfect ]

over a railroad embankment - a berm, to the engineering-minded -

and started their advance into this rebel-held city.

    Urban Warfare Deals Harsh Challenge to Troops, NYT, 9.11.2004,
    http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/09/international/middleeast/09scene.html?oref=login

 

 

 

 

 

It was [ prétérit ] a scene from hell.

When the Italian coastguards boarded [ prétérit ]

the dilapidated wooden fishing boat in high seas on Sunday,

flying no colours and with no name,

they found [ prétérit ] 15 survivors and 13 corpses.

They had been warned  [ antériorité > past perfect ] what to expect.

The first craft on the scene, an Italian fishing boat,

had spotted  [ antériorité > past perfect ]

the living and the dead mixed up together.

They had tossed  [ antériorité > past perfect ]

bottles of water and bread across to the survivors,

but the seas were too high for them to risk boarding.

When the coastguards arrived [ prétérit ]

they found  [ prétérit ] the deck littered with bodies,

while those left alive were  [ prétérit ] wailing for help.

They were  [ prétérit ] at their last gasp, human skeletons.

    Strewn with corpses, another refugee ship offloads its carg, I, 21.10, 2003,
    http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/story.jsp?story=455591

 

 

 

 

 

Le prétérit peut, lui aussi,

marquer l'antériorité par rapport à un fait passé :


Paediatrician tells GMC hearing

his 'unique knowledge' compelled him to inform police

he believed husband killed two infant sons

    Professor stands by baby murder claim, G, 12.6.2004,
   
http://society.guardian.co.uk/nhsperformance/story/0,8150,1237105,00.html  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. Past perfect > Formulation d'une hypothèse

 

syntaxe > past perfect inversé

 

hadaux + Sujet + participe passé

 

had he not died

at the miserably early age of 35.

 

 

 

 

 

Musicians speculate endlessly

about what Mozart might have achieved

had he not died at the miserably early age of 35.

This Week's Top Picks, WSJE/Personal Journal), p. P8, 7/9.3.2003.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Voir aussi / Related > Anglonautes > Grammaire

 

GV > Formes verbales > Present perfect

 

 

 

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