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grammaire anglaise > prépositions

 

préposition / groupe prépositionnel (GP) > définition, explication

 

 

Une préposition, c'est quoi ?

 

Sur le plan de la syntaxe,

une préposition (of)

ou

un groupe prépositionnel (next to)

est un mot

ou

un ensemble de mots

invariable (-s)

qui permet de relier :

 

 

- 2 noms / Groupes Nominaux (GN)

 

- 1 verbe et 1 nom / GN

 

Response to 1st coronavirus case in Washington state

draws on lessons from measles

January 28, 2020    5:20 AM ET

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/01/28/
800248710/response-to-1st-coronavirus-case-in-washington-state-draws-on-lessons-from-measl

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- 1 verbeparticipe passé  et 1 nom / GN

 

In Tributes,

John Lewis (is) Remembered As An American Hero

July 18, 2020    2:19 PM ET

https://www.npr.org/2020/07/18/
892630970/in-tributes-john-lewis-remembered-as-an-american-hero

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- 1 verbe et 1 adjectif numéral cardinal (1, 2, 3...)

 

Brigid Berlin,

socialite who joined warhol’s world,

dies _______ 80

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/18/arts/brigid-berlin-dead.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- 1 adjectif et 1 nom / GN

 

 

Losing jobless benefits is not only stressful,

it might be harmful topreposition health

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/12/03/
941941367/increased-jobless-benefits-have-health-benefits-research-shows

 

 

 

NBA says

9 more players test positive for coronavirus

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/07/02/
886874079/nba-says-9-more-players-test-positive-for-coronavirus

 

 

 

Protesting?

Here's how to help keep your family

safe from COVID-19

when you go home

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/06/10/
874021507/protesting-heres-how-to-help-keep-your-family-safe-from-covid-19-when-you-go-hom

 

 

 

4 ways to make your workplace

equitable for trans people

https://www.npr.org/2020/06/02/
867780063/4-ways-to-make-your-workplace-equitable-for-trans-people

 

 

 

Banned from nursing homes,

families see shocking decline in their loved ones

https://www.npr.org/2020/06/09/
870159589/banned-from-nursing-homes-families-see-shocking-decline-in-their-loved-ones

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- from... to...

 

peut relier deux lettres

(from A to Z)

deux noms,

(from Boston to Philadelphia)

ou deux adjectifs :

 

essential vocab for COVID-19:

from asymptomatic to zoonotic

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/06/27/
883975628/essential-vocab-for-covid-19-from-asymptomatic-to-zoonotic

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sémantisme (sens, signification)

 

Une préposition permet de :

 

- se repérer

dans le temps, l'espace :

 

in, at, from, on, under, across, through,

between, before, after, since,

undertemporel, fortemporel...

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- catégoriser, déterminer,

indiquer le thème, le contexte, le champ

de ce qui est dit :

 

with, about, on, to, amidst,

from ... to ...

 

 

'Homage To Hate':

Pelosi Calls For Confederate Statues

Removed From U.S. Capitol

June 10, 2020 6:35 PM ET

https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/06/10/
874417376/homage-to-hate-pelosi-calls-for-confederate-statues-removed-from-u-s-capitol

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- comparer :

 

like / unlike

 

compared to / with

 

between

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- définir des relations / liens :

 

 

 

la cause : forcausal, tocausal

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

l'agent d'une action : by

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

l'origine : fromorigine, toorigine

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

la cible, le problème : tocible

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

catégorisation / détermination : of

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

l'association : withassociatif

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

le moyen : withmoyen

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

un danger, une menace : from

 

Protesting?

Here's How To Help Keep Your Family Safe From COVID-19

When You Go Home

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/06/10/
874021507/protesting-heres-how-to-help-keep-your-family-safe-from-covid-19-when-you-go-hom

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- faire des statistiques,

relier élément et ensemble :

 

in

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- de formuler une hypothèse,

une possibilité / éventualité :

 

closer to

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- de débattre,

de marquer des contrastes / bipolarités :

 

fordébat / againstdébat ...

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

sémantisme (sens)

 

comme d'autres mots

- noms, adjectifs -,

une préposition

peut changer de sens

en fonction du contexte :

 

for : pour, pendant, depuis

 

toward : vers, à l'encontre de

 

in: en, suite à

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

topreposition + N

 

vs

 

toviseur -> Base verbale

 

 

Boston Tavern Pivots To 'Plan B'

To Try To Survive The Pandemic

https://www.npr.org/2020/07/06/
887570594/boston-tavern-pivots-to-plan-b-to-try-to-survive-the-pandemic

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

syntaxe (ordre des mots)

 

une préposition

porte toujours

sur une forme nominale (N) :

 

Pronom (Pron)

 

Nom (N)

 

Groupe Nominal (GN)

 

N ou GN en -ing (N-ing)

 

 

 

Swamp Dogg

On Reinvention,

Nom (N)

Country Music

Groupe Nominal (GN)

And Getting Another Rolls-Royce

(GN-ing)

https://www.npr.org/2020/03/09/
812921234/swamp-dogg-on-reinvention-country-music-and-getting-another-rolls-royce

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

syntaxe

 

une proposition

(S + V + O + Complément)

peut compter

plusieurs prépositions :

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Traduction > anglais -> français

 

 

Une préposition

peut se traduire

par un verbeparticipe passé :

 

A Boy With Muscular Dystrophy Was Headed For A Wheelchair.

Then Gene Therapy Arrived

July 27, 2020    NPR

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/07/27/
893289171/a-boy-with-muscular-dystrophy-was-headed-for-a-wheelchair-then-gene-therapy-arri

 

 

Un garçon atteint d'une dystrophie musculaire

était condamné au fauteuil roulant.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Une préposition

peut aussi se traduire

par une proposition (SV) :

 

people with cancer

 

les personnes qui souffrent du cancer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

rappel :

dans les Anglonautes,

 

sauf exceptions

(Groupe Nominaux complexes = GN),

 

une forme nominale

est signalée par N,

 

une forme verbale par V

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

New Push for Help

in Solving a Prosecutor’s 2001 Murder

 

September 28, 2011

The New York Times

By WILLIAM YARDLEY

 

SEATTLE — Ten years after a federal prosecutor here was shot to death while sitting at a computer in his basement, Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. and other federal law enforcement officials announced a new effort on Wednesday to seek public help in the investigation through a multimedia advertising campaign.

The prosecutor, Thomas C. Wales, 49, was killed late on the night of Oct. 11, 2001, by a gunman who investigators said stood in Mr. Wales’s backyard in the Queen Anne neighborhood of Seattle and fired through a window.

Law enforcement officials say they have investigated several suspects, pursued more than 15,000 leads and meticulously traced and tested copies of a rare type of gun barrel used in the shooting. But they still have not solved the crime. A $1 million reward remains in place.

Investigators have not publicly identified a motive for the killing. If Mr. Wales, who was an assistant United States attorney, was killed in retaliation for his work, he would be the first federal prosecutor killed in the line of duty. He also was president of a group that campaigned against gun violence.

“Although this case remains unsolved and Tom’s killer remains unknown, our resolve to uncover the truth and to help Tom’s family, friends and colleagues and neighbors find the answers and find the closure that they deserve, that has never been stronger,” Mr. Holder said.

Officials also sought the public’s help around the time of the fifth anniversary of the killing in 2006. This time, the government is placing newspaper, radio, television and Internet advertisements as well as buying space on billboards. A special Web site was to go up late Wednesday.

“This is still not a cold case,” Greg Fowler, the special agent in charge of the F.B.I.’s office in Portland, Ore., said in an interview on Wednesday.

“The case team works every day on this,” said Mr. Fowler, who is now overseeing the inquiry. “It’s their full-time job.”

He said that “some investigative considerations, which I’m not prepared to discuss,” played a role in the new public push for information, “but for the most part it’s timed to the anniversary.”

“Hopefully, this will stir something in people’s minds or spark a memory,” he said.

For years, a principal suspect in the case was a commercial airline pilot who was among four people Mr. Wales indicted on conspiracy and fraud charges in 2000. The next year, the government dismissed that case after the defendants pleaded guilty to charges related to the sale of a military helicopter. The pilot sued for legal fees four months before Mr. Wales was killed. The lawsuit was later dismissed.

Mr. Fowler would not say whether the pilot remained under investigation. Larry Setchell, a lawyer for the pilot, would not comment.

New Push for Help in Solving a Prosecutor’s 2001 Murder,
NYT,
28.9.2011,
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/29/us/
new-push-to-solve-prosecutor-thomas-waless-murder-in-seattle.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Voir aussi > Anglonautes > Grammaire anglaise > Niveau avancé

 

prépositions + N

 

 

conjonctions

 

 

 

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