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grammaire anglaise > syntaxe et sens

 

-ing > portée de -ing

 

séquence-ing + N / GN  =  GN complexe

 

children being born with three biological parents

 

 

sens >

catégorisation, détermination,

description, information supplémentaire...

 

 

 

 

Lorsqu'il vise le N / GN, la séquence en -ing

a une fonction qualificative, descriptive ou déterminante.

 

 

Cette qualification peut être d'ordre :

 

- permanent :

1-2

 

- contingent (provisoire, éphémère) :

3-4-5-6, Une, photo d'actualité et publicité

 

 

1 -    For many, it is a region set apart from the rest of the north,

let alone the rest of England;

fiercely proud, often parodied, sometimes insular and over-romanticised

- and suspicious of a capital 300 miles away where many still trek for work.

Stretching across mountain, moor, national park

and spectacular countryside from the Tweed to the Tees,

with a dialect in its heartland that many cannot fathom

- it has a distinctive heritage and culture going back to St Cuthbert,

an emerging patron saint who underpinned

the identity of the old Northumbrian kingdom.

    Northern exposure : On the eve of the referendum for self-rule in England's north-east,
    Peter Hetherington asks what constitutes regional identity -
    and those born in the area give their verdict, G, 27.10.2004,
    http://society.guardian.co.uk/regionalgovernment/story/0,8150,1336352,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

2 -     A life-size nude by Lucian Freud of one of the world's

most admired and photographed women will go on sale next year.

Lucian Freud's Naked Portrait 2002 shows

a pregnant Kate Moss draped over a bed,

her head resting lightly on her left arm.

With rounded belly

and a discreet little fold of skin beneath her right breast,

this is a magnificent, voluptuous, flesh-and-blood Moss,

hardly the wispy, ethereal creature

she often appears in photographs.

Her face recedes into the background

and her calves are prominently displayed;

this is Moss as few have ever seen her.

    £3m estimate on Freud portrait of Kate Moss, G, 29.10.2004,
    http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/news/story/0,11711,1338568,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

3 -    Four days before the US presidential election,

a new videotape of Osama bin Laden surfaced yesterday,

with the al-Qaida leader admitting responsibility for the first time

for the September 11, 2001 attacks,

and threatening new strikes against America.

    Bin Laden warning to America, G, 30.10.2004,
    http://www.guardian.co.uk/uselections2004/story/0,13918,1339844,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

4 -    Excluding the costs of the legal settlement,

third-quarter earnings exceeded analysts' estimates.

 

 

"Si l'on voit les choses de telle manière",

les revenus se définissent ainsi :

third-quarter earnings exclude

the costs of the legal settlement (énoncé théorique).

 

 

 

 

 

5 -    Arafat Opens Eyes, Communicating - Israeli Report

 

Sat Nov 6, 2004

03:18 AM ET

 

JERUSALEM (Reuters) - Palestinian President Yasser Arafat

has partially emerged from his coma in a French hospital,

opening his eyes and communicating with his doctors

[ segments qualifiants, vise le GNsujet ] ,

an Israeli newspaper Web site said Saturday citing Palestinian sources

[ participe, relatif à la proposition GNsujet + V ].

 

YNET, the Web site of the leading Israeli daily Yediot Ahronoth,

quoted a senior Palestinian official who visited Arafat overnight

as saying the president had regained some control of his limbs

and was seen moving in bed

[ 1 - vise a senior Palestinian official who visited Arafat overnight .

2 - Sous-ensemble qualifiant moving in bed, vise the president ] .

 

Friday, Palestinian envoy Leila Shahid said Arafat was in a "reversible coma,"

countering earlier reports that he had been declared brain-dead by doctors

at the French hospital to which he was admitted with a stomach illness last week

[ vise la proposition principale et sa proposition complétive ;

l'ensemble en -ing permet à l'énonciateur de mettre en perspective

l'information contenue dans la principale et sa complétive.

traduction explicative : , démentant ainsi... ] .

    Arafat Opens Eyes, Communicating - Israeli Report, R, Sat Nov 6, 2004 03:18 AM ET,
    http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=
    R40HBXMCBRA10CRBAEOCFFA?type=topNews&storyID=6733667

 

 

 

 

 

6 -  WASHINGTON (Reuters) - With the U.S. economy picking up steam,

[ moi qui vous parle, je vous donne l'état de l'économie américaine,

sa principale caractéristique ]

the year's fourth straight interest-rate hike looked like a certainty

at Wednesday's meeting of the Federal Reserve's Open Market Committee,

economists said.

    Fed Seen Likely to Raise Interest Rates, R, Wed Nov 10, 2004 02:03 AM ET,
    http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=
    SLBGAF4DOW0RSCRBAELCFEY?type=businessNews&storyID=6767662

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


NoW        7.11.2004

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Readying for an expected attack on Falluja, Iraq,

United States marines practiced loading ambulances

Friday near the insurgent-held city.

 

NYT        6.11.2004
http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/06/international/middleeast/06falluja.html?hp

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Guardian        p. 29        13.10.2005

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Un segment déterminant en -ing est indispensable.

Il ne peut être ni déplacé, ni supprimé (voir autres exemples).

 

Postposé au nom, il fait partie intégrante d'un GN complexe.

 

En 2, children est déterminé par being born with three biological parents.

L'ensemble forme le GN complexe

children-being-born-with-three-biological-parents

 

 

2 -    Scientists are seeking permission to carry out experiments

that would result in children being born with three biological parents.

UK medical authorities say they will almost certainly approve

the application in the next few weeks.

    Babies with three parents ahead, O, 17.10.2004,
    http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,6903,1329371,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

3 -    Her story is harrowing - and familiar to many in Cambodia.

HIV infection rates in the country of 12 million people

are just under 3 per cent, the highest in Asia.

Almost everyone sitting in the clinic corridor has the virus.

    Aids, the new killer in the fields:
    A nation still recovering from years of political bloodletting,
     Cambodia is being weakened by a new scourge, O, 17.10.2004,
    http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1329304,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

4 -    WASHINGTON (Reuters) -

A pharmacology professor

testifying in the U.S. government's $280 billion suit against the cigarette industry

said on Monday he quit working as an expert witness for a tobacco trade group

after it pressured him to be more of an advocate.

    Professor Says Pressured to Be Tobacco Advocate, R, Mon Oct 25, 2004 07:28 PM ET,
    http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=healthNews&storyID=6604581

 

 

 

 

 

5 -    Australian police investigating the death of a British tourist

whose body was found in the Outback today

believe she may have got lost while trying to walk 20km back

to her hotel at night.

    Outback tourist 'may have got lost', G, 27.10.2004,
    http://www.guardian.co.uk/australia/story/0,12070,1336960,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Le segment participe en -ing

a souvent une valeur adjectivale :

il qualifie un nom.

 

Lorsque c'est le cas,

un simple déplacement

suffit à le transformer en adjectif,

antéposé au nom qu'il contribue à déterminer (§ 1) :

 

 

Kerry leaves Bush scowling [ segment en -ing ]

 

John Kerry was yesterday widely declared

the winner of the first presidential debate,

after an aggressive performance left

a scowling [ adjectif en -ing ] President George Bush

sometimes groping for words.

    Headline and §1, G, 2.10.2004,
    http://www.guardian.co.uk/uselections2004/story/0,13918,1318121,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

Quake Measuring 6.4 Hits Central Iran

 

TEHRAN, Iran (AP) -- A powerful earthquake shook central Iran on Tuesday,

destroying villages and killing at least 14 people, state-run television reported.

An official in the city of Kerman said the powerful 6.4-magnitude

killed at least 14 people and scores of others were injured,

according to the broadcast.

    Headline and first §§, NYT, 22.2.2005,
    http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/international/AP-Iran-Earthquake.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Résumé :

 

Le segment participe en -ing

est appelé "participe" parce qu'il participe / dépend souvent,

sur le plan de la syntaxe et du sens, à la construction du N / GN :

 

 

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - President Bush and Democratic Sen. John Kerry

traded attacks in New Mexico on Monday,

with Bush saying Kerry fundamentally misunderstands the war on terror

and Kerry charging the president favors the rich and powerful

over the middle class.

    Kerry, Bush Trade Charges in New Mexico, R, Mon Oct 11, 2004 03:50 PM ET,
    http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=topNews&storyID=6470387

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Illustration ci-dessous :

    the Smart-1 spacecraft    <-    leaving Earth for the moon

 

 

An artist's impression

of the Smart-1 spacecraft leaving Earth for the moon

 

The Guardian        p.13        8 September 2004

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

VANCOUVER, Wash. (Reuters) -

Scientists tracking renewed earthquake activity

at Mount St. Helens [ détermine le N scientists ]

raised their warning level on Saturday to a Level 3-Volcano Alert,

signaling a second eruption may be brewing.

    Eruption Warning at Mount St. Helens -- Scientists, R, Sat Oct 2, 2004 07:42 PM ET,
    http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=
    U1FEZPNHHNBIACRBAEOCFFA?type=topNews&storyID=6396361

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

segment en -ing  /  gérondif

équivalences théoriques

 

 

 

 

Un segment en -ing peut déterminer un nom.

 

 

Ci-dessous, dealing with abuse vise et détermine medics.

 

 

L'ensemble forme le GN complexe medics-dealing-with-abuse.

 

 

Equivalence théorique de Protecting children : The fact of protecting.

 

 

Protecting children puts doctors at risk

 

Threats and violence face medics dealing with abuse

Threats, violence and unjustified complaints

against doctors and other health professionals

are driving them out of the area of child abuse,

leaving vulnerable children potentially unprotected,

surveys showed yesterday.

    Headline, and sub, G, 9.4.2004,
    http://society.guardian.co.uk/children/story/0,1074,1165276,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

segment en -ing > ing -> N / GN

 

sémantisme    détermination        syntaxe        style

 

segment difficilement / non déplaçable

 

 

 

Woman Ironing    1955

Fermin Rocker

30cm x 43cm ( approx 12" x 17" )    Watercolour / Gouache

http://chambers.clockend.co.uk/view_piece.html?pieceID=108
http://chambers.clockend.co.uk/
http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/news/obituary/0,12723,1335959,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 - Déplacer entering Israel,

qui vise et détermine 4 militants,

créerait un contre-sens :

 

???Entering Israel Israeli Soldiers kill 4 militants.

 

Un segment déterminant n'est pas mobile,

puisqu'il fait partie intégrante d'un GN complexe :

4 militants entering Israel.

   

 

1 - Israeli Soldiers Kill 4 Militants Entering Israel

 

Sat Oct 2, 2004
01:33 AM ET


GAZA (Reuters) -

Israeli troops shot dead four Palestinian gunmen

who were infiltrating Israel's border with northern Gaza,

witnesses said, as the army continued a wide-scale offensive

in the area to weed out rocket launchers.

A military source said soldiers had received earlier information

about militants who planned to infiltrate into southern Israel

and carry out an attack in a town in the area.

Troops spotted four gunmen wearing explosives belts

cutting through the border fence,

and killed them, the source said.

    Headline and first §§, R, 2.10.2004,
    http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=topNews&storyID=6394821

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Polls show the race is extraordinarily close,

with a flurry of surveys showing a dead heat nationally

and contradictory polls indicating most of the 10 hardest fought

battleground states could tip either way.

    Bush and Kerry Face Verdict of Voters, R, Tue Nov 2, 2004 01:31 AM ET,
    http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=topNews&storyID=6683699

 

 

 

 

 

Last week's seizure of material belonging to anti-globalisation websites

could have serious consequences for citizen publishers.

Bobbie Johnson reports

    Heavy hand of the law, G, 14.10.2004,
    http://www.guardian.co.uk/online/story/0,3605,1326244,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

Occupants of car seen near shooting are urged to 'look in mirror',

amid call to protect bystanders giving evidence

    School leads mourning for gun victim, G, 12.10.2004,
    http://www.guardian.co.uk/gun/Story/0,2763,1325148,00.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Along with a Wisconsin 'cheesehead' cowboy hat,

a young woman wears

a shirt showing her support for the Republican Party

during a rally for President George W. Bush

in Milwaukee, November 1, 2004.

Bush and Democratic nominee John Kerry

are making a final push

through a handful of crucial swing states today

in a last-ditch hunt for the votes

that could break open

a deadlocked White House race.

 

Photo by Kevin Lamarque/Reuters.

 

Kerry, Bush Make Final Bid in Key States, R, Mon Nov 1, 2004 11:30 AM ET

http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=0QE4GYPN5YIIQCRBAEKSFEY?type=topNews&storyID=6677840

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

An Iraqi man is brought to the hospital

after a car bomb exploded

in Mosul October 5, 2004.

 

British Foreign Secretary Jack Straw

made a surprise visit to Iraq on Tuesday,

with violence and kidnapping

overshadowing plans for elections in January.

[ conséquence, effet ]

 

Photo by Ceerwan Aziz/Reuters    Tue Oct 5, 2004        10:09 AM ET

http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=
1HVJIZZGH1P0ICRBAELCFFA?type=topNews&storyID=6417857

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pylons

carrying electricity from BE-owned Sizewell B power station,

Suffolk.

 

The Guardian        p. 21        22 September 2004

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anglonautes > Grammaire > Voir aussi

 

formes en -ing

 

séquence en -ing -> portée > proposition (SVO) >
sens : conséquence, résultat

 

-ing > valeur adjectivale d'un segment en -ing

 

-ing > question > présupposition

 

 

 

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