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History > 20th century > WW2 (1939-1945) > USA, World > Timeline in pictures
After WW2 > Operation Paperclip swept German scientists to the US
Hubertus Strughold, center, with a pressurized chamber for use in eventual space medicine research, at the U.S. Air Force School of Aviation Medicine in the 1950s.
Photograph: AFMS History Office
The Doctor From Nazi Germany and the Search for Life on Mars Astrobiologists have used Mars Jars for decades. Many didn’t know about the controversial Air Force scientist who started them. NYT July 24, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/24/
Hubertus Strughold GER 1898-1986
Dr. Strughold’s work on astronaut physiology and aviation medicine in the U.S. — work he had started in Nazi Germany for the Luftwaffe, and which was tangled up in inhumane experiments.
Dr. Strughold didn’t do these experiments himself, and he wasn’t a member of the Nazi party.
But on his watch, researchers locked prisoners at the Dachau concentration camp in low-pressure chambers, to show what might happen to fliers at high altitude, and dressed them in fighter-pilot uniforms only to submerge them in freezing water.
(...)
After World War II, Dr. Strughold arrived in America as part of the secretive Operation Paperclip, which swept German scientists to the United States.
Wernher von Braun, who had overseen the Nazi V-2 rocket and later became the architect of NASA’s Saturn V rocket, also came to North America through this program, and the two interacted at space conferences.
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/24/
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/24/
Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun GER 1912-1977
When he died on June 16, 1977, Wernher von Braun, the son of East Prussian aristocrats, had left an indelible, if ambiguous, legacy as a visionary space-travel pioneer.
His boyhood obsession with rocketry elevated him to the position of Nazi Germany’s leading missile scientist and the brains behind the V-2 — Vergeltungswaffe Zwei (Revenge Weapon Two) — perfected in the village of Peenemünde, on the Baltic, where his grandfather had hunted ducks, and then aimed at Britain.
With Soviet forces advancing at the end of World War II, von Braun and more than a hundred of his fellow scientists surrendered to the United States Army.
They were scooped up in Operation Paperclip and transplanted in Alabama, where they formed the vanguard of an American space program that built the Saturn V rocket, which sent nine crews toward the moon.
In addition to Columbus, von Braun liked to invoke the Wright Brothers and Charles Lindbergh.
But he was also often mentioned in the same breath as Faust, for his wartime Devil’s bargain.
He would say later that his chief goal was always space travel — eventually a permanent moon base and a mission to Mars — and that his V-2 rockets had worked perfectly, except that they landed on the wrong planet.
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/cp/obituaries/archives/
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/cp/obituaries/archives/
https://www.npr.org/2019/10/23/
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/jul/04/
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/oct/09/
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2010/nov/15/
https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/10/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/dec/03/
https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/18/
https://www.theguardian.com/media/1999/jul/19/
https://www.nytimes.com/1977/06/18/
https://www.nytimes.com/1972/05/27/
https://www.nytimes.com/1970/03/02/
https://www.nytimes.com/1964/03/17/
https://www.nytimes.com/1965/06/14/
https://www.nytimes.com/1957/10/20/
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