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History > 20th century > WW2 > Germany, Poland > Antisemitism > Holocaust

 

Holocaust > Oswiecim / Auschwitz - "the end of the world

 

Auschwitz I        Auschwitz II Birkenau        Auschwitz III Monowitz

 

 

 

 

 

Ginette Kolinka - On n'est pas couché 1er juin 2019        Video        FRANCE 2        ONPC

YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=TafBeJWOqYA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Escaping Auschwitz: I Have a Message for You        NYT        3 August 2018

 

 

 

 

Escaping Auschwitz: I Have a Message for You        Video        The New York Times        3 August 2018

 

This week’s Op-Doc is Matan Rochlitz’s

powerful film “I Have a Message for You,”

about a woman’s extraordinary journey

of survival and redemption.

 

It’s a remarkable piece,

both for the creativity of its visual approach

and for its unusual combination of tragedy,

beauty and catharsis.

 

YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kd6N0cV08Do

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Could Holograms Let Our Experiences Live On?        NYT        8 July 2018

 

 

 

 

Could Holograms Let Our Experiences Live On? | Op-Docs        Video        The New York Times        8 July 2018

 

The sharing of personal experiences by Holocaust survivors

has been an important act of collective memory,

and a warning against the dangers of prejudice and hatred.

 

But more than six decades after the end of World War II,

the population of Holocaust survivors is diminishing quickly.

 

In “116 Cameras,”

director Davina Pardo introduces us to Eva Schloss,

a holocaust survivor who,

having told shared her experience for more than thirty years,

takes part in an innovative new attempt to preserve survivors’ stories

in holographic form for future generations.

 

YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-E70bul6Fo

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Auschwitz survivor: 'Beware of hate'        BBC News        23 June 2018

 

 

 

 

Auschwitz survivor: 'Beware of hate' - BBC News        Video        23 June 2018

 

Max Eisen arrived

at the Nazi death camp aged 15 in 1944.

 

Every year he returns to speak

to people about his experience.

 

YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCUV8bUuOPg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Documentaire 39 45, Auschwitz Projekt        DOCS HD        3 February 2018

 

 

 

 

Documentaire 39 45, Auschwitz Projekt        DOCS HD        Video        3 February 2018

 

Auschwitz faisait aussi partie

d'un projet d'aménagement territorial global

orchestré par Hitler.

 

Diffusé sur Arte

le mardi 30 janvier 2018 à 23:11 - Durée : 57 min

 

Auschwitz.

Le nom évoque d'abord le plus grand camp

de concentration et d'extermination nazi

où périrent plus d'un million

d'hommes, de femmes et d'enfants,

juifs dans leur immense majorité.

 

Mais il est aussi associé

à un énorme projet d'aménagement territorial

de l'Europe de l'Est annexée au Grand Reich,

avec, dès 1940,

la mise en chantier d'une "zone d'intérêt"

d'une superficie de 40 km2.

 

Outre les trois principaux camps,

(Auschwitz I,

Auschwitz II Birkenau

et Auschwitz III Monowitz),

on y trouve des fermes, des camps annexes,

des centres de recherche

ou encore un projet urbain.

 

À l'extérieur de cette zone,

le complexe se prolonge

sur des dizaines de kilomètres

avec une trentaine d'autres camps,

des usines et des mines.

 

Un projet global

qui répond aux deux obsessions du Führer :

le Lebensraum,

la conquête de "l’espace vital"

que constitue l’Est européen,

et l’extermination des Juifs.

 

YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rpPfpGj964M

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Témoignage : Marceline Loridan-Ivens, la petite prairie aux bouleaux    15 September 2016

 

 

 

 

Témoignage : Marceline Loridan-Ivens, la petite prairie aux bouleaux        Video        Mémorial de la Shoah        15 September 2016

 

Déportée en 1944 à Birkenau,

Marceline Loridan-Ivens s'est "libérée" par la pellicule.

 

En 2003, elle réalise La Petite Prairie aux bouleaux

(traduction du polonais Brezinka, Birkenau en allemand),

film qu'elle a "porté pendant 40 ans".

 

Témoignage recueilli en 2004

par le Mémorial de la Shoah et la Mairie de Paris.

 

Biographie :

Marceline Rosenberg est née en mars 1928 à Epinal,

de parents juifs polonais, émigrés en 1919,

qui ont eu cinq enfants.

 

Elevée à la dure dans les Vosges,

elle a 11 ans en 1939.

 

Engagée très tôt dans la Résistance,

sa famille fuit vers Vichy

puis achète une maison à Bollène (Vaucluse).

 

Le maire et le commissaire de police

protègent les Rosenberg

jusqu'à ce que la Gestapo passe outre

pour arrêter Marceline et son père.

 

Emprisonnés à Avignon puis Marseille,

tous deux sont transférés à Drancy

et déportés à Auschwitz-Birkenau

en mars 1944.

 

Sans le savoir,

une amie de Marceline

l'entraîne sur la voie de la survie,

tandis que les nazis condamnent son père.

 

Lorsque Marceline

revit sa descente aux enfers

devant la caméra,

des souvenirs longtemps enfouis

ressurgissent encore.

 

Les fosses communes qu'elle doit creuser

pour les Hongrois assassinés.

 

Les sélections devant Mengele,

où Marceline se pince les joues

"pour paraître moins blanche"

et dissimule ses blessures.

 

La "folie de la faim et de la soif",

le paludisme, la révolte du Sonderkommando,

puis Bergen-Belsen, les usines,

les épluchures de patates

qu'un civil allemand lui réserve,

les coups pour s'être cachée,

la dernière déportation

vers l'horreur de Terezin (Tchécoslovaquie),

ghetto libéré par les Russes.

 

Marceline revient à Paris en août 1945,

couverte de poux et de gale.

 

Sur le quai de la gare de Bollène,

son oncle lui assène :

"Ne raconte rien,

ils ne peuvent pas comprendre."

 

Sa mère et ses plus jeunes frères et sœurs

étaient restés cachés dans le Vaucluse.

 

L'épouse du cinéaste néerlandais Joris Ivens

a fini par témoigner,

rouvrant cette blessure, parmi d'autres :

"Je n'ai pas ramené le père."

 

En 2003, elle a réalisé La Petite Prairie aux bouleaux

(traduction du polonais Brezinka, Birkenau en allemand),

film qu'elle a "porté pendant quarante ans".

 

Anouck Aimée y tient le rôle principal.

 

YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvXogxTVIrU

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Branko: Return to Auschwitz        NYT        15 April 2013

 

 

 

 

Branko: Return to Auschwitz - Op-Docs        Video        The New York Times        15 April 2013

 

Branko Lustig,

a Holocaust survivor

and Oscar-winning producer of "Schindler's List,"

returns to Auschwitz for the bar mitzvah

he couldn't have in his youth.

 

Related article: http://nyti.ms/ZW3GiB

Watch more videos at: http://nytimes.com/video

 

YouTube

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYDept6yhFU

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Carte : "Principaux itinéraires des convois de déportation à destination d'Auschwitz"

Mémorial de la Shoah        Map

http://www.enseigner-histoire-shoah.org/outils-et-ressources/chronologie-et-cartes/cartes.html

added 18 July 2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

More than a million prisoners,

mostly Jews,

died at Auschwitz

during the Holocaust.

http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/20/
478817061/for-70-years-a-mug-in-auschwitz-held-a-secret-treasure

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jewish women and children get off coaches

at their arrival in Auschwitz extermination camp

on 20 January 1942.

 

Photograph: AFP/Getty Images

 

WWII: eighty years on,

the world is still haunted by a catastrophe foretold

G

Sun 1 Sep 2019    09.00 BST

Last modified on Sun 1 Sep 2019    09.15 BST

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/sep/01/
world-war-two-eighty-years-on-world-still-haunted-by-catastrophe-foretold

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sala Kirschner (born Garncarz)    1924-2018

 

 

 

Sala Kirschner, right,

in 1941 with Ala Gartner,

whom Mrs. Kirschner described in her diary

as her “guardian angel.”

 

Ms. Gartner

was later hanged at Auschwitz

for her part in an uprising.

 

Sala Kirschner, 94,

Whose Trove of Letters Told of the Holocaust, Dies

NYT

MARCH 13, 2018

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/13/
obituaries/sala-kirschner-94-whose-trove-of-letters-told-of-the-holocaust-dies.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Worried

that she might die

during cardiac surgery

without passing on

a secret

she had concealed

for 50 years,

Sala Kirschner in 1991

handed her daughter, Ann,

a battered red

cardboard box

from an outdated

children’s game.

 

“These are my letters

from the war,” she said.

 

Inside

was an extraordinary

cache of 350 letters,

postcards

and photographs

from family

and friends

that she had

squirreled away

from the eyes

of Nazi guards

as an inmate

in seven

forced-labor camps

over five years,

starting

when she was just 16.

 

The yellowed, tattered letters

— in Yiddish,

Polish and German,

some with Hitler stamps

and inky Z’s indicating

that they had been censored —

offered intimate if doleful glimpses

of the disintegration of Jewish life

before and during World War II

in Mrs. Kirschner’s hometown,

Sosnowiec,

in southwestern Poland,

whose Jewish population

was confined to a ghetto

before 35,000 of them

were deported to Auschwitz.

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/13/
obituaries/sala-kirschner-94-whose-trove-of-letters-told-of-the-holocaust-dies.html

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/13/
obituaries/sala-kirschner-94-whose-trove-of-letters-told-of-the-holocaust-dies.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Oskar Gröning    1921-2018

 

 

 

 Mr. Gröning as a young man in the Waffen SS.

 

He maintained that he had only a back-office role

 in the operation of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp.

 

Photograph:

Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau,

via Associated Press

 

Oskar Gröning, the ‘Bookkeeper of Auschwitz,’ Is Dead at 96

NYT

MARCH 12, 2018

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/12/
obituaries/oskar-groning-the-bookkeeper-of-auschwitz-is-dead-at-96.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mr. Gröning

had volunteered

for the Waffen SS

in 1941

after training

in civilian life

as a bank teller,

credentials

that the SS determined

qualified him

to tally the cash

and personal valuables

seized from Jews

transported to

Nazi-occupied Poland.

 

“I’d never heard

of Auschwitz before,”

he said in 2005.

 

During his time

at the camp,

from 1942 to 1944,

his ledgers recorded

Polish zlotys

and Greek drachmas,

French francs,

Dutch guilders,

Czech korunas,

Italian lire

— a range of currencies

that reflected

the reach of the campaign

to eradicate Europe’s Jews.

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/12/
obituaries/oskar-groning-the-bookkeeper-of-auschwitz-is-dead-at-96.html

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/12/
obituaries/oskar-groning-the-bookkeeper-of-auschwitz-is-dead-at-96.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Jozef Paczynski    ? - 2015

 

Polish Army captain

who spent much of his five-year

imprisonment in Auschwitz

as the personal barber

to Rudolf Höss,

the Nazi death camp’s

commandant

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/01/world/europe/
jozef-paczynski-95-dies-spent-5-years-as-auschwitz-inmate.html

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/01/world/europe/
jozef-paczynski-95-dies-spent-5-years-as-auschwitz-inmate.html

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/30/
auschwitz-barber-jozef-paczynski-dies-rudolf-hoss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Wladyslaw Bartoszewski    1922-2015

 

Auschwitz survivor

who battled

both the Nazis

and the Communists,

was given honorary

Israeli citizenship

for his work

to save Jews

during World War II

and later surprised

even himself

by being instrumental

in reconciling Poland

and Germany

 

(...)

 

He was born

on Feb. 19, 1922,

into a Roman Catholic family

living in a Jewish

neighborhood in Warsaw

and took up journalism.

 

He took part

in the defense of the city

from Nazi forces in 1939

and later worked

for the Polish Red Cross.

 

After Nazis

took the city,

Mr. Bartoszewski

was among several

thousand Poles

rounded up.

 

He became one

of the first prisoners

at the new Auschwitz

concentration camp,

bearing number 4427,

but was released

after less than a year

because of pressure

by the Red Cross.

 

He joined

the underground

Home Army’s

fight against the Germans,

in its Information

and Propaganda Bureau

under the pseudonym Teofil,

the name of a character

in a favorite novel,

and fought during

the Warsaw Uprising.

 

He was most noted

for his wartime work

with the Council

for Aid to Jews,

code named Zegota,

which saved

tens of thousands

of people

from Nazi capture

and assisted

the ghetto uprising.

 

It was for this work

that Israel named him

Righteous Among the Nations,

a honor given to non-Jews

for saving Jews

during the Holocaust.

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/28/world/europe/
wladyslaw-bartoszewski-polish-auschwitz-survivor-who-fought-for-jews-dies-at-93.html

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/28/world/europe/
wladyslaw-bartoszewski-polish-auschwitz-survivor-who-fought-for-jews-dies-at-93.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Johann Breyer    1925-2014

 

 As an armed guard

at the Nazi

concentration camp

at Auschwitz

and a member

of the notorious

SS “Death’s Head” battalion,

the authorities charged

(...),

Mr. Breyer was complicit

in the gassing of 216,000 Jews

taken there in 1944

from Hungary,

Czechoslovakia

and Germany.

 

(...)

 

As part of their routine,

the “Death’s Head” guards

at Auschwitz

were responsible

for taking

incoming prisoners

from the trains

for “selection”

to the gas chambers

and, from their positions

at watchtowers

and along the camp’s

barbed-wire perimeter,

for preventing escapes.

 

While many Nazis

lived in the United States

for decades

with little fear of scrutiny,

the authorities began

belatedly trying to identify

and deport them

beginning 35 years ago

after demands for action

from Congress.

 

Since then,

Justice Department

prosecutors

have brought charges

against more than 130

aging Nazi suspects,

but none older

than Mr. Breyer.

 

He could end up

being the last

Nazi defendant

on American soil.

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/19/us/
johann-breyer-accused-of-working-at-auschwitz-and-buchenwald.html

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/24/us/
philadelphia-man-accused-in-nazi-case-dies.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/19/us/
johann-breyer-accused-of-working-at-auschwitz-and-buchenwald.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

January 1945

 

Poland        Auschwitz-Birkenau

 

Death marches from Auschwitz

 

 

As Soviet troops approach,

SS units begin

the final evacuation

of prisoners

from the Auschwitz

camp complex,

marching them on foot

toward the interior

of the German Reich.

 

These forced evacuations

come to be called

“death marches.”

 

In mid-January 1945,

as Soviet forces approached

the Auschwitz concentration

camp complex,

the SS began

evacuating Auschwitz

and its subcamps.

 

SS units forced

nearly 60,000 prisoners

to march west

from the Auschwitz

camp system.

 

Thousands

had been killed

in the camps

in the days before

these death marches

began.

 

Tens of thousands

of prisoners, mostly Jews,

were forced to march

either northwest

for 55 kilometers

(approximately 30 miles)

to Gliwice (Gleiwitz),

joined by prisoners

from subcamps

in East Upper Silesia,

such as Bismarckhuette,

Althammer,

and Hindenburg,

or due west

for 63 kilometers

(approximately 35 miles)

to Wodzislaw (Loslau)

in the western part

of Upper Silesia,

joined by inmates

from the subcamps

to the south of Auschwitz,

such as Jawischowitz,

Tschechowitz,

and Golleschau.

 

SS guards shot anyone

who fell behind

or could not continue.

 

Prisoners also suffered

from the cold weather,

starvation,

and exposure

on these marches.

 

At least 3,000 prisoners died

on route to Gliwice alone;

possibly as many

as 15,000 prisoners died

during the evacuation marches

from Auschwitz

and the subcamps.

https://www.ushmm.org/learn/timeline-of-events/1942-1945/
death-march-from-auschwitz

 

 

https://www.ushmm.org/learn/timeline-of-events/1942-1945/
death-march-from-auschwitz

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/27/
world/europe/auschwitz-anniversary-death-march.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Poland        Auschwitz-Birkenau        Extermination camp

 

The Soviet Army

liberated Auschwitz

on Jan. 27, 1945.

https://www.npr.org/2020/01/23/
798242097/holocaust-survivor-returning-to-auschwitz-it-s-like-going-to-the-family-cemetery

 

 

 

Auschwitz

was liberated (...)

on Jan. 27, 1945,

and news of its existence

shocked the world.

 

With its principal

killing center

at one of its main camps,

Auschwitz-Birkenau,

becoming fully operational

in 1942,

it was Germany’s largest

and the most notorious

extermination site.

 

There the Germans

slaughtered

approximately

1.1 million people,

a million of whom

were Jews.

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/25/
sunday-review/how-auschwitz-is-misunderstood.html

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/22/
world/middleeast/auschwitz-liberation-anniversary.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/25/
sunday-review/how-auschwitz-is-misunderstood.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Eva Umlauf’s numerical tattoo, still visible today.

 

Photograph: Frank Bauer

 

Tales from Auschwitz: survivor stories

The Guardian

Monday 26 January 2015        15.00 GMT

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/26/tales-from-auschwitz-survivor-stories

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Auschwitz concentration camp gate,

with the inscription “Arbeit macht frei”,

after its liberation by Soviet troops,

in January 1945.

 

Photograph: AFP/Getty Images

 

Nazi guard from Auschwitz dies just before trial

G

Thursday 7 April 2016        16.41 BST

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/07/nazi-guard-from-auschwitz-dies-just-before-trial

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Arriving at Auschwitz.

 

Photograph:

Sovfoto/UIG, via Getty Images

 

[Anglonautes: on the left side of the carriage,

SNCF might be the acronym

of Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Français,

the State railway Company in France. ]

 

Leo Bretholz, 93, Dies; Escaped Train to Auschwitz

NYT

MARCH 29, 2014

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/30/world/europe/
leo-bretholz-93-dies-escaped-train-to-auschwitz.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Child survivors at Auschwitz

after the liberation in 1945.

 

Photograph: Imagno/Getty Image

 

'Accountant of Auschwitz':

I am morally complicit in murder of millions of Jews

Oskar Gröning, charged with complicity

in the murder of 300,000 Holocaust victims,

expresses remorse during trial in Germany

 

 Kate Connolly in Lüneburg

G

Tuesday 21 April 2015        12.28 BST

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/21/accountant-auschwitz-oskar-groning-trial-nazi-germany

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Des enfants rescapés d'Auschwitz

montrent leur tatouage après la libération du camp.

 

Les enfants d'Auschwitz        Libération.fr        20 January 2005

http://www.liberation.com/page.php?Article=268742&Template=GALERIE&Objet=29286 - broken link

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Leon Greenman

 

On January 27 1945,

Soviet soldiers advancing through Poland

discovered the largest and most lethal

of Hitler's death camps: Auschwitz.

Sixty years on,

a survivor of the camp tells Stephen Moss his story

The Guardian        G2        p. 5        13 November 2005

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/jan/13/
secondworldwar.poland8 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Le poste de garde principal du camp d'Auschwitz

prise des soldats de l'Armée rouge

 

Les prisonniers l'appelaient «la porte de la mort».

 

C'était le terminus des trains

emmenant les juifs vers ce camp de la mort.

 

La voie ferrée avait été construite en 1944.

 

"La porte de la mort"        Libération.fr        20 January 2005

http://www.liberation.com/page.php?Rubrique=AUSCHWITZ - broken link

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Poland        Auschwitz-Birkenau        Extermination camp

 

The largest of its kind,

the Auschwitz camp complex

was essential to carrying out

the Nazi plan

for the "Final Solution."

https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/auschwitz

 

 

https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/auschwitz

https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/album_auschwitz/index.asp

https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/communities/
munkacs/overview.asp

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/31

https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2015/jan/26/
drone-auschwitz-concentration-camp-70-years-video 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/series/auschwitzmemories

https://www.theguardian.com/world/holocaust

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/witness/january/27/
newsid_4184000/4184147.stm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/stories/27/a1913627.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2004/12_december/03/
auschwitz_prog5.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/genocide/launch_ani_auschwitz_map.shtml

http://www.pbs.org/auschwitz/40-45/killing/

 

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/13/
arts/music/anita-lasker-wallfisch-auschwitz-salzburg-festival.html

 

https://blogs.mediapart.fr/joelle-stolz/blog/250620/
femmes-autrichiennes-5-ella-lingens-medecin-auschwitz

 

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/may/24/
what-the-lessons-from-auschwitz-teach-us-about-the-choices-we-make

 

https://blogs.mediapart.fr/edition/patriotes-de-tous-les-pays/article/130520/
la-nuit-ou-j-ai-ete-deportee-auschwitz

 

https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/jan/29/
costa-winner-auschwitz-book-witold-pilecki-jack-fairweather-the-volunteer

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/28/
books/review/mengele-david-g-marwell.html

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2020/jan/27/
auschwitz-survivors-share-their-stories-on-75th-anniversary-video

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/27/
auschwitz-survivors-75th-anniversary-commemoration

 

https://www.npr.org/2020/01/27/
798480937/75-years-after-auschwitz-liberation-survivors-urge-world-to-remember

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/27/
auschwitz-survivors-to-return-after-75-years-memorial-ceremony

 

https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2020/jan/27/
life-after-auschwitz-podcast

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/27/
thou-shalt-not-be-indifferent-from-auschwitzs-gate-of-hell-a-last-desperate-warning

 

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jan/27/
holocaust-auschwitz-far-right-nazis

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/26/
auschwitz-survivor-who-had-an-impact

 

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jan/26/
the-guardian-view-on-holocaust-memorial-day-as-necessary-as-ever

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/26/
i-see-it-as-a-chance-to-finally-say-goodbye-auschwitz-survivors-tell-their-stories

 

https://www.npr.org/2020/01/23/
798242097/holocaust-survivor-returning-to-auschwitz-it-s-like-going-to-the-family-cemetery

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/22/
world/middleeast/auschwitz-liberation-anniversary.html

 

 

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/21/
arts/auschwitz-shofar.html

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/04/
world/europe/auschwitz-daniel-libeskind.html

 

https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=TafBeJWOqYA - ONPC - France 2 - 2 June 2019

 

https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/25/
anne-frank-full-story-bart-van-es

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/03/
arts/design/auschwitz-museum-of-jewish-heritage.html

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/07/
reader-center/after-an-article-about-an-auschwitz-exhibition-more-artifacts-surface.html

 

https://www.npr.org/2019/01/27/
689162207/survivors-mark-holocaust-remembrance-day-on-74th-anniversary-of-auschwitz-libera

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/
arts/design/auschwitz-museum-of-jewish-heritage.html

 

 

 

 

https://www.npr.org/2018/11/14/
663059048/a-toy-monkey-that-escaped-nazi-germany-and-reunited-a-family

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/08/
books/tattooist-of-auschwitz-heather-morris-facts.html

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/11/
obituaries/henry-bawnik-survivor-of-death-camps-and-an-inferno-at-sea-dies-at-92.html

 

https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=Kd6N0cV08Do - NYT - 3 August 2018

 

https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=6-E70bul6Fo - NYT - 8 July 2018

 

https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=pCUV8bUuOPg - BBC - 23 June 2018

 

https://blogs.mediapart.fr/vilmauve/blog/160318/
auschwitz-les-industriels-esclavagistes

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/12/
obituaries/oskar-groning-the-bookkeeper-of-auschwitz-is-dead-at-96.html

 

https://blogs.mediapart.fr/jean-jacques-birge/blog/220218/
la-denonciation

 

 

 

 

https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/culture-idees/030817/
octobre-17-raissa-bloch-de-la-maison-des-arts-de-petrograd-au-camp-dauschwitz

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/30/
world/europe/simone-veil-dead.html

 

http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/01/
531059532/former-auschwitz-guard-dies-before-beginning-prison-sentence

 

https://www.nytimes.com/video/world/europe/
100000004937187/genocides-legacy-preserving-auschwitz-holocaust.html

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/25/
i-will-never-be-free-of-it-auschwitz-survivor-recalls-horror-75-years-on

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/30/
auschwitz-birkenau-staff-database-online-poland-nazi-camp

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/28/
i-was-murdered-in-auschwitz-victims-of-holocaust-remembered-on-twitter

 

 

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/
world/europe/adolf-burger-dies.html

 

https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=GvXogxTVIrU - MDLS - 15 September 2016

 

http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/29/
487907813/forgive-us-for-so-much-cruelty-pope-francis-visits-site-of-auschwitz-death-camp

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/03/
world/europe/elie-wiesel-auschwitz-survivor-and-nobel-peace-prize-winner-dies-at-87.html

 

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jul/02/
elie-wiesel-nobel-winner-holocaust-survivor-dies

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/26/
travel/berlin-world-war-2.html

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/24/
holocaust-survivor-lied-joseph-hirt-auschwitz

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/17/
auschwitz-guard-reinhold-hanning-jailed-holocaust-auschwitz

 

http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/06/17/
482484836/94-year-old-former-auschwitz-guard-found-guilty-of-complicity-in-170-000-murders

 

http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/20/
478817061/for-70-years-a-mug-in-auschwitz-held-a-secret-treasure

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/15/nyregion/
ernest-michel-who-survived-auschwitz-and-led-jewish-charities-dies-at-92.html

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/29/auschwitz-
guard-reinhold-hanning-holocaust-trial

 

http://www.theguardian.com/film/video/2016/apr/19/
laszlo-nemes-on-son-of-saul-these-people-have-no-past-only-the-present

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/07/
nazi-guard-from-auschwitz-dies-just-before-trial

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/01/world/europe/
imre-kertesz-dies.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/12/
world/middleeast/oldest-living-man-a-confectioner-from-poland-survived-auschwitz.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/15/world/europe/
jakob-denzinger-suspected-nazi-prison-guard-dies-at-92.html

 

http://www.npr.org/2016/02/13/
466648841/the-last-of-nazi-war-convictions-will-not-end-fight-against-anti-semitism

 

 

 

 

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/dec/16/
roman-polanski-holocaust-experiences-candid-interview-video-testimony

 

http://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2015/dec/14/
bernard-natan-pathe-cinema-holocaust-victim-france-film-industry

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/21/
holocaust-documents-trove-unearthed-in-budapest-apartment

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/21/
german-woman-charged-nazi-allegations-auschwitz-death-camp

 

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/07/21/
our-secret-auschwitz/

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/16/
how-nazi-guard-oskar-groning-escaped-justice-in-1947-for-crimes-at-auschwitz

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/16/world/europe/
oskar-groning-auschwitz-nazi.html

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/15/auschwitz-
guard-oskar-groening-jailed-over-mass-murder

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/01/accountant-auschwitz-
trial-oskar-groening-admits-guilt

 

http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/jun/27/auschwitz-
memory-and-truth-how-trauma-passes-down-the-generations

 

http://www.npr.org/2015/05/24/
409286734/its-for-you-to-know-that-you-forgive-says-holocaust-survivor

 

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/may/15/
son-of-sauls-astonishing-recreation-of-auschwitz-renews-holocaust-debate

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/13/
oskar-groning-trial-british-auschwitz-survivor-susan-pollack

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/22/world/europe/
oskar-groning-auschwitz-birkenau-guard-trial.html

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/21/
accountant-auschwitz-oskar-groning-trial-nazi-germany

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/17/opinion/
auschwitz-in-our-memory.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/16/arts/
international/at-auschwitz-birkenau-preserving-a-site-and-a-ghastly-inventory.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/14/world/europe/
a-holocaust-survivor-tells-of-auschwitz-at-18-and-again-at-90.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/02/23/world/europe/
ap-eu-germany-auschwitz-charges.html

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/feb/23/
auschwitz-suspect-charged-in-germany-on-3681-counts

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/26/
tales-from-auschwitz-survivor-stories

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/27/auschwitz-
survivors-tales-of-holocaust-live-on

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/27/auschwitz-
survivors-70th-anniversary-camp-liberation

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/27/
holocaust-survivor-sabina-miller-auschwitz-70th-anniversary

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2015/jan/27/what-happened-auschwitz-
70th-anniversary-video

 

http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/jan/27/
ed-miliband-recalls-death-grandfather-holocaust

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2015/jan/26/
drone-auschwitz-concentration-camp-70-years-video 

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/27/auschwitz-
holocaust-survivors-liberation-70-anniversary-nazi-poland

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/27/auschwitz-
short-history-liberation-concentration-camp-holocaust

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/from-the-archive-blog/2015/jan/27/
auschwitz-escape-gas-chamber-1945

 

http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jan/26/
70-years-trauma-auschwitz-lessons-holocaust

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/26/
tales-from-auschwitz-survivor-stories

 

http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jan/26/
guardian-view-70th-anniversary-of-liberation-of-auschwitz

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2015/jan/26/auschwitz-
liberation-70th-anniversary-survivors

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/25/
sunday-review/how-auschwitz-is-misunderstood.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/24/world/europe/for-auschwitz-
museum-and-survivors-a-moment-of-passage.html

 

 

 

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/16/auschwitz-
guard-charged-with-being-accessory-to-300000-murders

 

https://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/2014/aug/25/
elie-wiesel-night-jewish-identity-amnesty-teen-takeover-2014

 

http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2014/jun/23/
otto-dov-kulka-memoir-auschwitz-holocaust

 

http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jun/09/
otto-dov-kulka-auschwitz-primo-levi-holocaust

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/30/world/europe/
leo-bretholz-93-dies-escaped-train-to-auschwitz.html

 

http://www.arte.tv/guide/fr/036365-000/
sonderkommando-auschwitz-birkenau

 

http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/07/
otto-dov-kulka-interview

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/20/
germany-auschwitz-guards-arrests-raids

 

http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/28/
otto-duv-kulka-holocaust-book-wins-jewish-quarterly-wingate-prize

 

http://www.arte.tv/guide/fr/047372-000/criminal-doctors-auschwitz

 

 

 

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/26/
auschwitz-guard-charged-nazi-crimes

 

http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/25/
auschwitz-first-world-war-tourism-teaching

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/14/world/europe/
new-exhibit-at-auschwitz-birkenau-honors-children-of-the-holocaust.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/15/
opinion/branko-return-to-auschwitz.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/11/world/europe/
nearly-70-years-later-a-new-round-of-auschwitz-prosecutions.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/02/world/
israel-gutman-who-survived-and-documented-holocaust-dies-at-90.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/27/world/europe/germany-
charges-over-auschwitz-role.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/14/world/europe/
new-exhibit-at-auschwitz-birkenau-honors-children-of-the-holocaust.html

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/06/
german-police-arrest-auschwitz-guard

 

http://www.nytimes.com/video/2013/04/14/
opinion/100000002169843/branko-return-to-auschwitz.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/15/
opinion/branko-return-to-auschwitz.html

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/23/
the-dwarves-of-auschwitz

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2013/feb/22/
helga-weiss-diary-nazi-death-camp

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/the-northerner/2013/jan/28/
holocaust-memorial-day-iby-knill-leeds

 

 

 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/11/
i-escaped-from-auschwitz

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/27/
opinion/l27auschwitz.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/19/
arts/19auschwitz.html

 

 

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/29/
opinion/29pisar.html

 

 

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/24/world/europe/24auschwitz.html

 

https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/oct/31/
nazi-ghetto-poland-escape

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/09/auschwitz-
helen-waterford-holocaust

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/09/auschwitz-
allied-bomb-second-world-war

 

 

 

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/nov/10/germany-
second-world-war

 

 

 

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/jan/13/
secondworldwar.poland8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Auschwitz-Monowitz satellite camp

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/08/
arts/design/auschwitz-exhibition-review-holocaust.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Blechhammer

 

sub-camp of Auschwitz in eastern Germany

 

 

https://www.npr.org/2020/01/23/
798242097/holocaust-survivor-returning-to-auschwitz-it-s-like-going-to-the-family-cemetery

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

industriels esclavagistes

 

 

https://blogs.mediapart.fr/vilmauve/blog/160318/
auschwitz-les-industriels-esclavagistes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Forging the death certificates of inmates

 

“The list contained

the names of those

who were shipped

to Birkenau

and the gas chamber,”

(Ernest Michel) wrote.

 

“The Nazis,

with their usual

efficiency

and attention to detail,

kept records

of all inmates

sent to be gassed.

 

Only nobody died

being gassed to death.

 

They all died

by being

‘weak of the body’

– ‘Koerperschwaeche’ –

or from ‘Herzschlag’

– ‘heart attack.’ ”

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/15/nyregion/
ernest-michel-who-survived-auschwitz-and-led-jewish-charities-dies-at-92.html

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/15/nyregion/
ernest-michel-who-survived-auschwitz-and-led-jewish-charities-dies-at-92.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sonderkommando Auschwitz-Birkenau

 

Documentaire de Emil Weiss

53 min        France        2007

 

 

Chargés

de faire fonctionner

les fours crématoires

du camp d'extermination

d'Auschwitz-Birkenau,

de très rares déportés

des "Sonderkommandos"

(les "commandos spéciaux")

ont pu témoigner,

bravant l'anéantissement

programmé.

http://www.arte.tv/guide/fr/036365-000/sonderkommando-auschwitz-birkenau

 

 

http://www.arte.tv/guide/fr/036365-000/
sonderkommando-auschwitz-birkenau - broken URL

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Josef Mengele    1911-1979

 

 

 

Josef Mengele looking out from a train window.

 

Photograph: Hulton Archive/Getty Images

 

How Did Josef Mengele Become the Evil Doctor of Auschwitz?

NYT

Published Jan. 28, 2020

Updated Jan. 29, 2020

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/28/
books/review/mengele-david-g-marwell.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SS physician,

infamous for his inhumane

medical experimentation

upon concentration camp

prisoners at Auschwitz.

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007060

 

 

 

If anyone embodies

the archetype of the evil

that was Auschwitz,

it is surely Josef Mengele.

 

Dubbed by the inmates

and survivors of the camp

the “Angel of Death,”

the immaculate doctor

— with a slight flick of the finger —

would casually select

those permitted to live and work

and those destined to die

in the gas chambers.

 

Among those

he selected to live

were the subjects upon whom

he conducted his infamous

race-inspired medical experiments.

 

His postwar escape

to South America

and prolonged successful

evasion from capture

(in Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil)

only reinforced the fear

and mystique of the man.

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/28/
books/review/mengele-david-g-marwell.html

 

 

https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007297

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/28/
books/review/mengele-david-g-marwell.html

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/06/
sunday-review/israel-mengele-auschwitz-holocaust.html

 

https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=GvXogxTVIrU - MDLS - 15 September 2016

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/23/
the-dwarves-of-auschwitz

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rudolf Franz Ferdinand Höss / Höß / Hoess    1900-1947

 

 

 

Dr Josef Mengele, left,

with Rudolf Hoss, Commandant of Auschwitz,

Josef Kramer, Commandant of Belsen

and an unidentified German officer.

 

Photograph:

Universal History Archive/UN/Rex

 

Tales from Auschwitz: survivor stories

G

Monday 26 January 2015    15.00 GMT

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/26/
tales-from-auschwitz-survivor-stories

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SS officers socialise near Auschwitz, Poland.

From left: Dr Josef Mengele,

Rudolf Höss,

Birkenau commander Josef Kramer, and unidentified.

 

Photograph: AP

 

 Auschwitz commandant's barber Jozef Paczynski dies aged 95

Former prisoner at notorious Nazi death camp,

who was forced to cut the hair of camp commandant Rudolf Höss,

died in Krakow on Sunday

Associated Press in Warsaw        G

Thursday 30 April 2015        17.34 BST

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/30/
auschwitz-barber-jozef-paczynski-dies-rudolf-hoss 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commandant

of the Auschwitz

concentration camp

who presided

over the murder

of 2.5 million inmates

and the death

of 500,000 more

from starvation

and disease

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/may/16/whitney-harris-obituary

 

 

 

Höss was tried

by Polish authorities

after the war

and was sentenced

to death

by hanging in 1947.

 

The punishment

was carried out

at Auschwitz

next to a crematorium.

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/30/auschwitz-
barber-jozef-paczynski-dies-rudolf-hoss

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/24/
books/holocaust-nazi-archive.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/world/europe/
adolf-burger-dies.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/01/world/europe/
jozef-paczynski-95-dies-spent-5-years-as-auschwitz-inmate.html

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/30/auschwitz-
barber-jozef-paczynski-dies-rudolf-hoss

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/apr/11/i-escaped-from-auschwitz

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/may/16/
whitney-harris-obituary

http://www.ushmm.org/research/center/publications/
occasional/2003-05/paper.pdf

 

http://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/02/
magazine/lives-the-interpreter.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Auschwitz through the lens of the SS:

Photos of Nazi leadership at the camp

 

 

https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/
article/collections-highlight-auschwitz-through-the-lens-of-the-ss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

My Nazi death camp childhood diary – in pictures

 

Helga Weiss,

a Czech Jewish girl,

was sent with her parents

to the concentration camp

at Terezin, a few days

after her 12th birthday

in 1941.

 

She kept a diary,

in words and pictures,

and when she

and her mother

were sent on

to Auschwitz in 1944,

her uncle hid the diary

in a brick wall

for safekeeping.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2013/feb/22/helga-weiss-diary-nazi-death-camp

 

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2013/feb/22/
helga-weiss-diary-nazi-death-camp

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/gallery/2013/feb/22/
helga-weiss-childhood-diary-nazi-camps

 

 

 

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/16/
schoolgirl-who-fooled-the-nazis

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

August 1944

 

Why the allies

didn't bomb Auschwitz,

the Nazis'

biggest death camp

 

When the US

war department

was petitioned

by Jewish representatives

to bomb Auschwitz,

it refused

 

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/09/
auschwitz-allied-bomb-second-world-war

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1944

 

The Auschwitz album

 

The Auschwitz Album

is the only surviving

visual evidence

of the process leading

to the mass murder

at Auschwitz-Birkenau.

 

It is a unique document

and was donated

to Yad Vashem

by Lilly

Jacob-Zelmanovic Meier.

 

The photos were taken

at the end of May

or beginning of June 1944,

either by Ernst Hofmann

or by Bernhard Walter,

two SS men whose task

was to take ID photos

and fingerprints

of the inmates

(not of the Jews

who were sent directly

to the gas chambers).

 

The photos

show the arrival

of Hungarian Jews

from Carpatho-Ruthenia.

 

Many of them came

from the Berehovo Ghetto,

which itself

was a collecting point

for Jews from several

other small towns.

http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/album_auschwitz/index.asp

 

 

https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/
album_auschwitz/index.asp
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1944

 

Hungary

 

 

an estimated

437,000 Hungarian Jews

(were) rounded up

outside Budapest

and dispatched

to death camps

in just 57 days

in 1944.

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/14/world/europe/
a-holocaust-survivor-tells-of-auschwitz-at-18-and-again-at-90.html

 

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/21/
holocaust-documents-trove-unearthed-in-budapest-apartment

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/14/world/europe/
a-holocaust-survivor-tells-of-auschwitz-at-18-and-again-at-90.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

May 15, 1944

 

Systematic deportations

of Jews from Hungary begin

 

 

German forces

occupy Hungary

on March 19, 1944.

 

In April 1944,

all Jews

except those in Budapest

are ordered into ghettos.

 

Systematic deportations

from the ghettos in Hungary

to Auschwitz-Birkenau

begin the next month,

in May 1944.

 

In less

than three months,

nearly 440,000 Jews

are deported

from Hungary

in more than

145 trains.

 

The overwhelming majority

are killed upon arrival

in Auschwitz.

http://www.ushmm.org/outreach/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007716

 

 

https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/deportations

https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/album_auschwitz/index.asp

 

 

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/21/
holocaust-documents-trove-unearthed-in-budapest-apartment

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

19 March 1944

 

The German army invades Hungary

 

 

(...) four weeks later,

the concentration of Jews

began.

 

Jews from Munkács

were forced

into two ghettos,

and those from

the surrounding areas

were assembled

at two brick factories

on the outskirts of town.

 

On 11 May 1944

the deportations

to Auschwitz began,

and on 23 May

the last deportation train

left Munkács.

http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/communities/munkacs/during_holocaust.asp

 

 

https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/communities/
munkacs/during_holocaust.asp

 

https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/communities/
munkacs/liquidation.asp

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1942

 

Auschwitz-Birkenau becomes fully operational

 

 

With its principal

killing center

at one of its main camps,

Auschwitz-Birkenau,

becoming fully

operational in 1942,

it was Germany’s largest

and the most notorious

extermination site.

 

There the Germans

slaughtered

approximately

1.1 million people,

a million of whom

were Jews.

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/25/
sunday-review/how-auschwitz-is-misunderstood.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1939-1945

 

Netherlands

 

Westerbork transit camp

 

 

The Westerbork camp

was situated

in the northeastern part

of the Netherlands

in the Dutch province

of Drenthe,

near the towns

of Westerbork

and Assen.

 

The Dutch government

established

a camp at Westerbork

in October 1939

to intern Jewish refugees

who had entered

the Netherlands

illegally.

 

The camp

continued to function

after the German invasion

of the Netherlands

in May 1940.

 

In 1941

it had a population

of 1,100 Jewish refugees,

mostly from Germany.

 

From 1942 to 1944

Westerbork served

as a transit camp

for Dutch Jews

before they were deported

to extermination camps

in German-occupied Poland.

 

In early 1942,

the Germans enlarged

the camp.

 

In July 1942

the German Security Police,

assisted by an SS company

and Dutch military police,

took control of Westerbork.

 

Erich Deppner

was appointed

camp commandant

and Westerbork's role

as a transit camp

for deportations

to the east began,

with deportation trains

leaving every Tuesday.

 

From July 1942

until September 3, 1944,

the Germans deported

97,776 Jews

from Westerbork:

 

54,930

to Auschwitz

in 68 transports,

 

34,313

to Sobibor

in 19 transports,

 

4,771

to the Theresienstadt ghetto

in 7 transports,

 

and 3,762

to the Bergen-Belsen

concentration camp

in 9 transports.

 

Most of those deported

to Auschwitz and Sobibor

were killed upon arrival.

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005217

 

 

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005217

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Greece lost more

of its Jewish population

in the Final Solution,

proportionately, than almost

any other country in Europe

during the second world war.

 

Around 65,000 men,

women and children

were dispatched

to their deaths in Auschwitz

between 1941 and 1944.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/may/09/athens-holocaust-memorial

 

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/may/09/
athens-holocaust-memorial

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Related > Anglonautes > History > 20th century

 

World War II > Germany, Europe

Antisemitism, Adolf Hitler, Nazi era, Holocaust

 

 

 

 

 

Related > Anglonautes > Vocapedia

 

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weapons, espionage, torture

 

 

 

war > civilians > migrants, refugees

 

 

 

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intelligence, surveillance

 

 

 

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race relations, racism, civil rights,

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