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History > 20th century > WW2 > Germany, Poland > Antisemitism > Holocaust
Holocaust > Oswiecim / Auschwitz - "the end of the world”
Auschwitz I Auschwitz II Birkenau Auschwitz III Monowitz
Ginette Kolinka - On n'est pas couché 1er juin 2019 Video FRANCE 2 ONPC YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/
Escaping Auschwitz: I Have a Message for You NYT 3 August 2018
Escaping Auschwitz: I Have a Message for You Video The New York Times 3 August 2018
This week’s Op-Doc is Matan Rochlitz’s powerful film “I Have a Message for You,” about a woman’s extraordinary journey of survival and redemption.
It’s a remarkable piece, both for the creativity of its visual approach and for its unusual combination of tragedy, beauty and catharsis.
YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kd6N0cV08Do
Could Holograms Let Our Experiences Live On? NYT 8 July 2018
Could Holograms Let Our Experiences Live On? | Op-Docs Video The New York Times 8 July 2018
The sharing of personal experiences by Holocaust survivors has been an important act of collective memory, and a warning against the dangers of prejudice and hatred.
But more than six decades after the end of World War II, the population of Holocaust survivors is diminishing quickly.
In “116 Cameras,” director Davina Pardo introduces us to Eva Schloss, a holocaust survivor who, having told shared her experience for more than thirty years, takes part in an innovative new attempt to preserve survivors’ stories in holographic form for future generations.
YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-E70bul6Fo
Auschwitz survivor: 'Beware of hate' BBC News 23 June 2018
Auschwitz survivor: 'Beware of hate' - BBC News Video 23 June 2018
Max Eisen arrived at the Nazi death camp aged 15 in 1944.
Every year he returns to speak to people about his experience.
YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pCUV8bUuOPg
Documentaire 39 45, Auschwitz Projekt DOCS HD 3 February 2018
Documentaire 39 45, Auschwitz Projekt DOCS HD Video 3 February 2018
Auschwitz faisait aussi partie d'un projet d'aménagement territorial global orchestré par Hitler.
Diffusé sur Arte le mardi 30 janvier 2018 à 23:11 - Durée : 57 min
Auschwitz. Le nom évoque d'abord le plus grand camp de concentration et d'extermination nazi où périrent plus d'un million d'hommes, de femmes et d'enfants, juifs dans leur immense majorité.
Mais il est aussi associé à un énorme projet d'aménagement territorial de l'Europe de l'Est annexée au Grand Reich, avec, dès 1940, la mise en chantier d'une "zone d'intérêt" d'une superficie de 40 km2.
Outre les trois principaux camps, (Auschwitz I, Auschwitz II Birkenau et Auschwitz III Monowitz), on y trouve des fermes, des camps annexes, des centres de recherche ou encore un projet urbain.
À l'extérieur de cette zone, le complexe se prolonge sur des dizaines de kilomètres avec une trentaine d'autres camps, des usines et des mines.
Un projet global qui répond aux deux obsessions du Führer : le Lebensraum, la conquête de "l’espace vital" que constitue l’Est européen, et l’extermination des Juifs.
YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rpPfpGj964M
Témoignage : Marceline Loridan-Ivens, la petite prairie aux bouleaux 15 September 2016
Témoignage : Marceline Loridan-Ivens, la petite prairie aux bouleaux Video Mémorial de la Shoah 15 September 2016
Déportée en 1944 à Birkenau, Marceline Loridan-Ivens s'est "libérée" par la pellicule.
En 2003, elle réalise La Petite Prairie aux bouleaux (traduction du polonais Brezinka, Birkenau en allemand), film qu'elle a "porté pendant 40 ans".
Témoignage recueilli en 2004 par le Mémorial de la Shoah et la Mairie de Paris.
Biographie : Marceline Rosenberg est née en mars 1928 à Epinal, de parents juifs polonais, émigrés en 1919, qui ont eu cinq enfants.
Elevée à la dure dans les Vosges, elle a 11 ans en 1939.
Engagée très tôt dans la Résistance, sa famille fuit vers Vichy puis achète une maison à Bollène (Vaucluse).
Le maire et le commissaire de police protègent les Rosenberg jusqu'à ce que la Gestapo passe outre pour arrêter Marceline et son père.
Emprisonnés à Avignon puis Marseille, tous deux sont transférés à Drancy et déportés à Auschwitz-Birkenau en mars 1944.
Sans le savoir, une amie de Marceline l'entraîne sur la voie de la survie, tandis que les nazis condamnent son père.
Lorsque Marceline revit sa descente aux enfers devant la caméra, des souvenirs longtemps enfouis ressurgissent encore.
Les fosses communes qu'elle doit creuser pour les Hongrois assassinés.
Les sélections devant Mengele, où Marceline se pince les joues "pour paraître moins blanche" et dissimule ses blessures.
La "folie de la faim et de la soif", le paludisme, la révolte du Sonderkommando, puis Bergen-Belsen, les usines, les épluchures de patates qu'un civil allemand lui réserve, les coups pour s'être cachée, la dernière déportation vers l'horreur de Terezin (Tchécoslovaquie), ghetto libéré par les Russes.
Marceline revient à Paris en août 1945, couverte de poux et de gale.
Sur le quai de la gare de Bollène, son oncle lui assène : "Ne raconte rien, ils ne peuvent pas comprendre."
Sa mère et ses plus jeunes frères et sœurs étaient restés cachés dans le Vaucluse.
L'épouse du cinéaste néerlandais Joris Ivens a fini par témoigner, rouvrant cette blessure, parmi d'autres : "Je n'ai pas ramené le père."
En 2003, elle a réalisé La Petite Prairie aux bouleaux (traduction du polonais Brezinka, Birkenau en allemand), film qu'elle a "porté pendant quarante ans".
Anouck Aimée y tient le rôle principal.
YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvXogxTVIrU
Branko: Return to Auschwitz NYT 15 April 2013
Branko: Return to Auschwitz - Op-Docs Video The New York Times 15 April 2013
Branko Lustig, a Holocaust survivor and Oscar-winning producer of "Schindler's List," returns to Auschwitz for the bar mitzvah he couldn't have in his youth.
Related article: http://nyti.ms/ZW3GiB Watch more videos at: http://nytimes.com/video
YouTube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYDept6yhFU
Carte : "Principaux itinéraires des convois de déportation à destination d'Auschwitz" Mémorial de la Shoah Map http://www.enseigner-histoire-shoah.org/outils-et-ressources/chronologie-et-cartes/cartes.html added 18 July 2013
More than a million prisoners, mostly Jews, died at Auschwitz during the Holocaust.
http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/20/
Jewish women and children get off coaches at their arrival in Auschwitz extermination camp on 20 January 1942.
Photograph: AFP/Getty Images
WWII: eighty years on, the world is still haunted by a catastrophe foretold G Sun 1 Sep 2019 09.00 BST Last modified on Sun 1 Sep 2019 09.15 BST
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/sep/01/
Sala Kirschner (born Garncarz) 1924-2018
Sala Kirschner, right, in 1941 with Ala Gartner, whom Mrs. Kirschner described in her diary as her “guardian angel.”
Ms. Gartner was later hanged at Auschwitz for her part in an uprising.
Sala Kirschner, 94, Whose Trove of Letters Told of the Holocaust, Dies NYT MARCH 13, 2018
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/13/
Worried that she might die during cardiac surgery without passing on a secret she had concealed for 50 years, Sala Kirschner in 1991 handed her daughter, Ann, a battered red cardboard box from an outdated children’s game.
“These are my letters from the war,” she said.
Inside was an extraordinary cache of 350 letters, postcards and photographs from family and friends that she had squirreled away from the eyes of Nazi guards as an inmate in seven forced-labor camps over five years, starting when she was just 16.
The yellowed, tattered letters — in Yiddish, Polish and German, some with Hitler stamps and inky Z’s indicating that they had been censored — offered intimate if doleful glimpses of the disintegration of Jewish life before and during World War II in Mrs. Kirschner’s hometown, Sosnowiec, in southwestern Poland, whose Jewish population was confined to a ghetto before 35,000 of them were deported to Auschwitz.
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/13/
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/13/
Oskar Gröning 1921-2018
Mr. Gröning as a young man in the Waffen SS.
He maintained that he had only a back-office role in the operation of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp.
Photograph: Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau, via Associated Press
Oskar Gröning, the ‘Bookkeeper of Auschwitz,’ Is Dead at 96 NYT MARCH 12, 2018
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/12/
Mr. Gröning had volunteered for the Waffen SS in 1941 after training in civilian life as a bank teller, credentials that the SS determined qualified him to tally the cash and personal valuables seized from Jews transported to Nazi-occupied Poland.
“I’d never heard of Auschwitz before,” he said in 2005.
During his time at the camp, from 1942 to 1944, his ledgers recorded Polish zlotys and Greek drachmas, French francs, Dutch guilders, Czech korunas, Italian lire — a range of currencies that reflected the reach of the campaign to eradicate Europe’s Jews.
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/12/
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/12/
Jozef Paczynski ? - 2015
Polish Army captain who spent much of his five-year imprisonment in Auschwitz as the personal barber to Rudolf Höss, the Nazi death camp’s commandant
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/01/world/europe/
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/01/world/europe/
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/30/
Wladyslaw Bartoszewski 1922-2015
Auschwitz survivor who battled both the Nazis and the Communists, was given honorary Israeli citizenship for his work to save Jews during World War II and later surprised even himself by being instrumental in reconciling Poland and Germany
(...)
He was born on Feb. 19, 1922, into a Roman Catholic family living in a Jewish neighborhood in Warsaw and took up journalism.
He took part in the defense of the city from Nazi forces in 1939 and later worked for the Polish Red Cross.
After Nazis took the city, Mr. Bartoszewski was among several thousand Poles rounded up.
He became one of the first prisoners at the new Auschwitz concentration camp, bearing number 4427, but was released after less than a year because of pressure by the Red Cross.
He joined the underground Home Army’s fight against the Germans, in its Information and Propaganda Bureau under the pseudonym Teofil, the name of a character in a favorite novel, and fought during the Warsaw Uprising.
He was most noted for his wartime work with the Council for Aid to Jews, code named Zegota, which saved tens of thousands of people from Nazi capture and assisted the ghetto uprising.
It was for this work that Israel named him Righteous Among the Nations, a honor given to non-Jews for saving Jews during the Holocaust.
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/28/world/europe/
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/28/world/europe/
Johann Breyer 1925-2014
As an armed guard at the Nazi concentration camp at Auschwitz and a member of the notorious SS “Death’s Head” battalion, the authorities charged (...), Mr. Breyer was complicit in the gassing of 216,000 Jews taken there in 1944 from Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Germany.
(...)
As part of their routine, the “Death’s Head” guards at Auschwitz were responsible for taking incoming prisoners from the trains for “selection” to the gas chambers and, from their positions at watchtowers and along the camp’s barbed-wire perimeter, for preventing escapes.
While many Nazis lived in the United States for decades with little fear of scrutiny, the authorities began belatedly trying to identify and deport them beginning 35 years ago after demands for action from Congress.
Since then, Justice Department prosecutors have brought charges against more than 130 aging Nazi suspects, but none older than Mr. Breyer.
He could end up being the last Nazi defendant on American soil.
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/19/us/
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/24/us/
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/19/us/
January 1945
Poland Auschwitz-Birkenau
Death marches from Auschwitz
As Soviet troops approach, SS units begin the final evacuation of prisoners from the Auschwitz camp complex, marching them on foot toward the interior of the German Reich.
These forced evacuations come to be called “death marches.”
In mid-January 1945, as Soviet forces approached the Auschwitz concentration camp complex, the SS began evacuating Auschwitz and its subcamps.
SS units forced nearly 60,000 prisoners to march west from the Auschwitz camp system.
Thousands had been killed in the camps in the days before these death marches began.
Tens of thousands of prisoners, mostly Jews, were forced to march either northwest for 55 kilometers (approximately 30 miles) to Gliwice (Gleiwitz), joined by prisoners from subcamps in East Upper Silesia, such as Bismarckhuette, Althammer, and Hindenburg, or due west for 63 kilometers (approximately 35 miles) to Wodzislaw (Loslau) in the western part of Upper Silesia, joined by inmates from the subcamps to the south of Auschwitz, such as Jawischowitz, Tschechowitz, and Golleschau.
SS guards shot anyone who fell behind or could not continue.
Prisoners also suffered from the cold weather, starvation, and exposure on these marches.
At least 3,000 prisoners died on route to Gliwice alone; possibly as many as 15,000 prisoners died during the evacuation marches from Auschwitz and the subcamps.
https://www.ushmm.org/learn/timeline-of-events/1942-1945/
https://www.ushmm.org/learn/timeline-of-events/1942-1945/
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/27/
Poland Auschwitz-Birkenau Extermination camp
The Soviet Army liberated Auschwitz on Jan. 27, 1945.
https://www.npr.org/2020/01/23/
Auschwitz was liberated (...) on Jan. 27, 1945, and news of its existence shocked the world.
With its principal killing center at one of its main camps, Auschwitz-Birkenau, becoming fully operational in 1942, it was Germany’s largest and the most notorious extermination site.
There the Germans slaughtered approximately 1.1 million people, a million of whom were Jews.
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/25/
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/22/
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/25/
Eva Umlauf’s numerical tattoo, still visible today.
Photograph: Frank Bauer
Tales from Auschwitz: survivor stories The Guardian Monday 26 January 2015 15.00 GMT http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/26/tales-from-auschwitz-survivor-stories
The Auschwitz concentration camp gate, with the inscription “Arbeit macht frei”, after its liberation by Soviet troops, in January 1945.
Photograph: AFP/Getty Images
Nazi guard from Auschwitz dies just before trial G Thursday 7 April 2016 16.41 BST http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/07/nazi-guard-from-auschwitz-dies-just-before-trial
Arriving at Auschwitz.
Photograph: Sovfoto/UIG, via Getty Images
[Anglonautes: on the left side of the carriage, SNCF might be the acronym of Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Français, the State railway Company in France. ]
Leo Bretholz, 93, Dies; Escaped Train to Auschwitz NYT MARCH 29, 2014
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/30/world/europe/
Child survivors at Auschwitz after the liberation in 1945.
Photograph: Imagno/Getty Image
'Accountant of Auschwitz': I am morally complicit in murder of millions of Jews Oskar Gröning, charged with complicity in the murder of 300,000 Holocaust victims, expresses remorse during trial in Germany
Kate Connolly in Lüneburg G Tuesday 21 April 2015 12.28 BST http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/21/accountant-auschwitz-oskar-groning-trial-nazi-germany
Des enfants rescapés d'Auschwitz montrent leur tatouage après la libération du camp.
Les enfants d'Auschwitz Libération.fr 20 January 2005 http://www.liberation.com/page.php?Article=268742&Template=GALERIE&Objet=29286 - broken link
Leon Greenman
On January 27 1945, Soviet soldiers advancing through Poland discovered the largest and most lethal of Hitler's death camps: Auschwitz. Sixty years on, a survivor of the camp tells Stephen Moss his story The Guardian G2 p. 5 13 November 2005
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/jan/13/
Le poste de garde principal du camp d'Auschwitz prise des soldats de l'Armée rouge
Les prisonniers l'appelaient «la porte de la mort».
C'était le terminus des trains emmenant les juifs vers ce camp de la mort.
La voie ferrée avait été construite en 1944.
"La porte de la mort" Libération.fr 20 January 2005 http://www.liberation.com/page.php?Rubrique=AUSCHWITZ - broken link
Poland Auschwitz-Birkenau Extermination camp
The largest of its kind, the Auschwitz camp complex was essential to carrying out the Nazi plan for the "Final Solution." https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/auschwitz
https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/auschwitz https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/album_auschwitz/index.asp
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Auschwitz-Monowitz satellite camp
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/08/
Blechhammer
sub-camp of Auschwitz in eastern Germany
https://www.npr.org/2020/01/23/
industriels esclavagistes
https://blogs.mediapart.fr/vilmauve/blog/160318/
“The list contained the names of those who were shipped to Birkenau and the gas chamber,” (Ernest Michel) wrote.
“The Nazis, with their usual efficiency and attention to detail, kept records of all inmates sent to be gassed.
Only nobody died being gassed to death.
They all died by being ‘weak of the body’ – ‘Koerperschwaeche’ – or from ‘Herzschlag’ – ‘heart attack.’ ”
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/15/nyregion/
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/15/nyregion/
Sonderkommando Auschwitz-Birkenau
Documentaire de Emil Weiss 53 min France 2007
Chargés de faire fonctionner les fours crématoires du camp d'extermination d'Auschwitz-Birkenau, de très rares déportés des "Sonderkommandos" (les "commandos spéciaux") ont pu témoigner, bravant l'anéantissement programmé. http://www.arte.tv/guide/fr/036365-000/sonderkommando-auschwitz-birkenau
http://www.arte.tv/guide/fr/036365-000/
Josef Mengele 1911-1979
Josef Mengele looking out from a train window.
Photograph: Hulton Archive/Getty Images
How Did Josef Mengele Become the Evil Doctor of Auschwitz? NYT Published Jan. 28, 2020 Updated Jan. 29, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/28/
SS physician, infamous for his inhumane medical experimentation upon concentration camp prisoners at Auschwitz. http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007060
If anyone embodies the archetype of the evil that was Auschwitz, it is surely Josef Mengele.
Dubbed by the inmates and survivors of the camp the “Angel of Death,” the immaculate doctor — with a slight flick of the finger — would casually select those permitted to live and work and those destined to die in the gas chambers.
Among those he selected to live were the subjects upon whom he conducted his infamous race-inspired medical experiments.
His postwar escape to South America and prolonged successful evasion from capture (in Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil) only reinforced the fear and mystique of the man.
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/28/
https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007297
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/28/
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/06/
https://www.youtube.com/
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/23/
Rudolf Franz Ferdinand Höss / Höß / Hoess 1900-1947
Dr Josef Mengele, left, with Rudolf Hoss, Commandant of Auschwitz, Josef Kramer, Commandant of Belsen and an unidentified German officer.
Photograph: Universal History Archive/UN/Rex
Tales from Auschwitz: survivor stories G Monday 26 January 2015 15.00 GMT
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/26/
SS officers socialise near Auschwitz, Poland. From left: Dr Josef Mengele, Rudolf Höss, Birkenau commander Josef Kramer, and unidentified.
Photograph: AP
Auschwitz commandant's barber Jozef Paczynski dies aged 95 Former prisoner at notorious Nazi death camp, who was forced to cut the hair of camp commandant Rudolf Höss, died in Krakow on Sunday Associated Press in Warsaw G Thursday 30 April 2015 17.34 BST
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/30/
Commandant of the Auschwitz concentration camp who presided over the murder of 2.5 million inmates and the death of 500,000 more from starvation and disease http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/may/16/whitney-harris-obituary
Höss was tried by Polish authorities after the war and was sentenced to death by hanging in 1947.
The punishment was carried out at Auschwitz next to a crematorium.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/30/auschwitz-
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/24/
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/world/europe/
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/01/world/europe/
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/30/auschwitz-
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/apr/11/i-escaped-from-auschwitz
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/may/16/
http://www.ushmm.org/research/center/publications/
http://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/02/
Auschwitz through the lens of the SS: Photos of Nazi leadership at the camp
https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/
My Nazi death camp childhood diary – in pictures
a Czech Jewish girl, was sent with her parents to the concentration camp at Terezin, a few days after her 12th birthday in 1941.
She kept a diary, in words and pictures, and when she and her mother were sent on to Auschwitz in 1944, her uncle hid the diary in a brick wall for safekeeping. http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2013/feb/22/helga-weiss-diary-nazi-death-camp
http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2013/feb/22/
http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/gallery/2013/feb/22/
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/16/
August 1944
Why the allies didn't bomb Auschwitz, the Nazis' biggest death camp
When the US war department was petitioned by Jewish representatives to bomb Auschwitz, it refused
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/09/
1944
The Auschwitz album
The Auschwitz Album is the only surviving visual evidence of the process leading to the mass murder at Auschwitz-Birkenau.
It is a unique document and was donated to Yad Vashem by Lilly Jacob-Zelmanovic Meier.
The photos were taken at the end of May or beginning of June 1944, either by Ernst Hofmann or by Bernhard Walter, two SS men whose task was to take ID photos and fingerprints of the inmates (not of the Jews who were sent directly to the gas chambers).
The photos show the arrival of Hungarian Jews from Carpatho-Ruthenia.
Many of them came from the Berehovo Ghetto, which itself was a collecting point for Jews from several other small towns. http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/album_auschwitz/index.asp
https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/
1944
Hungary
an estimated 437,000 Hungarian Jews (were) rounded up outside Budapest and dispatched to death camps in just 57 days in 1944.
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/14/world/europe/
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/21/
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/14/world/europe/
May 15, 1944
Systematic deportations of Jews from Hungary begin
German forces occupy Hungary on March 19, 1944.
In April 1944, all Jews except those in Budapest are ordered into ghettos.
Systematic deportations from the ghettos in Hungary to Auschwitz-Birkenau begin the next month, in May 1944.
In less than three months, nearly 440,000 Jews are deported from Hungary in more than 145 trains.
The overwhelming majority are killed upon arrival in Auschwitz. http://www.ushmm.org/outreach/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007716
https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/deportations https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/album_auschwitz/index.asp
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/21/
19 March 1944
The German army invades Hungary
(...) four weeks later, the concentration of Jews began.
Jews from Munkács were forced into two ghettos, and those from the surrounding areas were assembled at two brick factories on the outskirts of town.
On 11 May 1944 the deportations to Auschwitz began, and on 23 May the last deportation train left Munkács. http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/communities/munkacs/during_holocaust.asp
https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/communities/
https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/communities/
1942
Auschwitz-Birkenau becomes fully operational
With its principal killing center at one of its main camps, Auschwitz-Birkenau, becoming fully operational in 1942, it was Germany’s largest and the most notorious extermination site.
There the Germans slaughtered approximately 1.1 million people, a million of whom were Jews.
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/25/
1939-1945
Netherlands
Westerbork transit camp
The Westerbork camp was situated in the northeastern part of the Netherlands in the Dutch province of Drenthe, near the towns of Westerbork and Assen.
The Dutch government established a camp at Westerbork in October 1939 to intern Jewish refugees who had entered the Netherlands illegally.
The camp continued to function after the German invasion of the Netherlands in May 1940.
In 1941 it had a population of 1,100 Jewish refugees, mostly from Germany.
From 1942 to 1944 Westerbork served as a transit camp for Dutch Jews before they were deported to extermination camps in German-occupied Poland.
In early 1942, the Germans enlarged the camp.
In July 1942 the German Security Police, assisted by an SS company and Dutch military police, took control of Westerbork.
Erich Deppner was appointed camp commandant and Westerbork's role as a transit camp for deportations to the east began, with deportation trains leaving every Tuesday.
From July 1942 until September 3, 1944, the Germans deported 97,776 Jews from Westerbork:
54,930 to Auschwitz in 68 transports,
34,313 to Sobibor in 19 transports,
4,771 to the Theresienstadt ghetto in 7 transports,
and 3,762 to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in 9 transports.
Most of those deported to Auschwitz and Sobibor were killed upon arrival. http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005217
http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005217
Greece lost more of its Jewish population in the Final Solution, proportionately, than almost any other country in Europe during the second world war.
Around 65,000 men, women and children were dispatched to their deaths in Auschwitz between 1941 and 1944. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/may/09/athens-holocaust-memorial
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/may/09/
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