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History > 20th century > WW2 > USA, Europe > Holocaust > Germany > Nuremberg trials    1945-1946

 

 

 

Time Covers - The 40S

TIME cover 12-10-1945 ill. of Nurnberg (aka Nuremburg) Trial participants

including Nazi top brass Hermann Goering (bottom L) & Rudolf Hess (top R).

Date taken: December 10, 1945

 

Photographer: Boris Artzybasheff

Life Images

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Thirteen trials were held

in Nuremberg

from 1945 to 1949,

with multiple defendants

in the cases.

http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2016/10/18/
497938049/the-last-nuremberg-prosecutor-has-3-words-of-advice-law-not-war

 

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K98JQuSmEAk

 

75 лет Нюрнбергу:

вспоминая уникальный судебный процесс    BBC    20-11-2020

https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=K98JQuSmEAk

 

http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2016/10/18/
497938049/the-last-nuremberg-prosecutor-has-3-words-of-advice-law-not-war

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nuremberg Proceedings

 

Case #9

 

The Einsatzgruppen Case    1947-1948

 

 

On September 10, 1947,

the US Military Government

for Germany

created Military Tribunal II-A

(later renamed Tribunal II)

to try the Einsatzgruppen Case.

 

The 24 defendants

were all leaders

of the mobile security

and killing units of the SS,

the Einsatzgruppen.

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007080

 

 

https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/
subsequent-nuremberg-proceedings-case-9-the-einsatzgruppen-case

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hans Frank    1900-1946

 

 

early supporter

of the Nazi party.

 

He studied law

and eventually became

the personal legal advisor

to Adolf Hitler.

 

After the outbreak

of World War II,

Frank was appointed

Governor General

of occupied Poland.

 

In this capacity,

Frank was responsible

for the exploitation and murder

of hundreds of thousands

of Polish civilians,

as well as the deportation

and murder of Polish Jews.

 

He was found guilty

on counts three and four

(war crimes

and crimes against humanity)

and sentenced to death.

 

Frank was executed

on October 16, 1946.

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007108

 

 

https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/
hans-frank

 

 

75 лет Нюрнбергу:

вспоминая уникальный судебный процесс    BBC    20-11-2020

https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=K98JQuSmEAk

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Wilhelm Frick    1877-1946

 

Reich Minister of the Interior

from 1933 to 1943

and Reich Protector

for Bohemia and Moravia

from 1943 to 1945.

 

In the decisive first years

of the Nazi dictatorship,

Frick directed legislation

that removed Jews

from public life,

abolished political parties,

and sent political dissidents

to concentration camps.

 

Frick was found guilty

on counts two, three, and four

(crimes against peace,

war crimes,

and crimes against humanity)

and sentenced to death.

 

He was executed

on October 16, 1946.

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007109

 

 

https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/
wilhelm-frick
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Benjamin Kaplan    1911-2010

 

as an Army officer

Benjamin Kaplan

helped craft the indictment

of the Nazi war criminals

who were tried

at Nuremberg

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/25/us/25kaplan.html

 

https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/count1.asp 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The defendants    1945-1949

 

 

The Nuremberg tribunal

opened in 1945.

 

Two years earlier,

the USSR, Britain,

and the US

had issued

their Declaration

on German Atrocities

in Occupied Europe,

which stated that

when the Nazis

were defeated,

the allies would

"pursue them

to the uttermost

ends of the earth

… in order that justice

may be done".

 

Twenty-four defendants

were charged

under four counts:

crime against peace,

planning and waging wars

of aggression, war crimes,

and crimes

against humanity.

 

They did not include

Adolf Hitler,

Heinrich Himmler,

head of the SS,

and Joseph Goebbels,

head of propaganda,

who had all killed

themselves.

 

Martin Bormann,

the Nazi party secretary,

was tried in absentia

– his remains were found

many years later in Berlin.

 

Robert Ley,

head of the "Strengt

 through Joy" movement,

hanged himself

before the trial started.

 

Hermann Göring,

Hitler's successor,

killed himself

with a phial of cyanide

the night before

he was to be executed.

 

Rudolf Hess,

Hitler's former deputy,

who flew to Britain in 1941

with what he called

a peace plan,

was given

a life sentence.

 

He killed himself

in Spandau prison,

Berlin, in 1987.

 

Albert Speer,

Hitler's architect

who was responsible

for the mass exploitation

of forced foreign labour,

was jailed for 20 years.

 

The man who supplied

the slave labour,

Fritz Sauckel,

was sentenced to death,

as were 12 others.

 

The Nuremberg tribunal

gave its name to the

"I was only

obeying orders"

defence.

 

It also led to a series

of international conventions

on the laws of war,

genocide,

and human rights,

and the setting up

of the permanent international

criminal court in The Hague.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/oct/26/britain-execution-nuremberg-nazi-leaders

 

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/oct/26/
britain-execution-nuremberg-nazi-leaders

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nuremberg trials    1945-1949

 

Twenty-four

major political

and military leaders

of Nazi Germany,

indicted

for aggressive war,

war crimes,

and crimes

against humanity,

were brought to trial

before the International

Military Tribunal.

 

More than 100

additional defendants,

representing many sectors

of German society,

were tried

before the United States

Nuremberg Military Tribunals

in a series of 12 trials known

as “Subsequent Nuremberg

Proceedings.”

http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/Nuremberg_trials.html

 

https://www.npr.org/2020/05/22/
860089710/remembering-her-father-a-wwii-veteran-who-stood-guard-at-the-nuremberg-trials

 

http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2016/10/18/
497938049/the-last-nuremberg-prosecutor-has-3-words-of-advice-law-not-war

http://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/may/22/
east-west-street-origin-genocide-crimes-against-humanity-philippe-sands-review

http://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/may/22/
how-the-nuremberg-trials-found-names-for-the-nazis-crimes

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/15/nyregion/
ernest-michel-who-survived-auschwitz-and-led-jewish-charities-dies-at-92.html

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/blog/2012/oct/26/
nazi-shooting-nuremberg-international-justice

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/oct/26/
britain-execution-nuremberg-nazi-leaders

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/01/world/middleeast/
yemenis-say-they-have-bigger-problems-than-al-qaeda.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/29/world/europe/29harris.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/13/nyregion/13sonnenfeldt.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/gallery/2009/mar/20/nuremberg-trial-germany

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/mar/20/nuremberg-trials-hermann-goring

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/mar/20/nuremberg-trials-letters-extracts

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/11/nazis-nuremberg-executed-hermann-goring

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/11/nuremberg-trials-second-world-war-nazis

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/nuremberg_article_01.shtml  

http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/Nuremberg_trials.html

http://nuremberg.law.harvard.edu/php/docs_swi.php?DI=1&text=overview

http://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/24/us/dr-leo-alexander-79-nuremberg-trial-aide.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/20/newsid_4356000/4356166.stm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/war_crimes_trials_01.shtml

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Whitney Robson Harris    1912-2010

 

prosecutor

who brought high-ranking

Nazi war criminals to justice

at the Nuremberg trials

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/29/
world/europe/29harris.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Documentaries        Nazi Concentration Camps        1945        Warning: graphic

 

 

 

 

OFFICIAL 1945 U.S. GOVERNMENT WWII NAZI CONCENTRATION CAMP DOCU FILM GEORGE STEPHENS PART 1        Video        PeriscopeFilm II

 

This historic film "Nazi Concentration Camps"

was created immediately after WWII

by the United States Government (August 1945)

in an attempt to document the atrocities

committed by the German state.

 

The documentary report

created by famed director George Stephens

was used as evidence in official war crimes trials.

 

It remains one of the most important works,

showing irrefutable evidence

of the despicable, brutal and inhumane acts

committed by the German government

in the name of racial purity.

 

YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfRKtdGfvWg

 

Related

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0247568/

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2074187239501225850#

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Compilation footage

of Nazi concentration camps

in the immediate aftermath

of World War II.

 

Shot by film director

Georges Stevens (1904-1975)

 

The footage was gathered

by the US Department of Defense

as part of the effort to conduct

war crimes trials.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The courtroom crowded with lawyers and defendents

during the Nuremberg Trial.


Location: Germany

Date taken: March 1945

 

Photographer: Ed Clark

Life Images

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(L to R)

Rudolph Hess,

Joachim Von Ribbentrop

and Hermann Goering

sitting in the defendents box.

 

Location: Germany

Date taken: March 1945

 

Photographer: Ralph Morse

Life Images

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nuremberg Trials. Defendants in their dock;

Goering,

Hess,

von Ribbentrop,

and Keitel in front row,

circa 1945-1946.,

ca. 1945 - ca. 1946

ARC Identifier 540128 / Local Identifier 238-NT-612

http://arcweb.archives.gov/arc/action/ExternalIdSearch?id=540128

 

Wikipedia

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Nuremberg-1-.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nuremberg-1-.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring

Primary source > NARA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hermann Göring and Rudolf Hess, front row far left,

and Hans Frank,

in the sunglasses front row fourth from right,

are among the Nazis in the dock

in Nuremberg, September 1946.

 

Photograph: Eddie Worth/AP

 

East West Street by Philippe Sands review

– putting genocide into words

G

Sunday 22 May 2016    06.30 BST

Last modified on Sunday 22 May 2016    09.09 BST

http://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/may/22/
east-west-street-origin-genocide-crimes-against-humanity-philippe-sands-review

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nazi leaders in the dock at the Nuremberg trials, Germany,

that ran from November 1945 to October 1946.

 

Photograph: adoc-photos

 

It was always lost on Brexiteers – but the EU is fundamentally about peace

G

Wed 18 Nov 2020    07.00 GMT

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/nov/18/1945-
europe-brexiteers-nuremberg-trials-brexit-fantasy


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Related > Anglonautes > History > 20th century

 

20th century > 1939-1945

World War II

Germany, Europe > Antisemitism,

Adolf Hitler, Nazi era, Holocaust

 

 

 

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