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History > UK, British empire, England
Early 21st century, 20th century
Suffragettes
Timeline in articles, pictures, videos and podcasts
London: National Women's Social and Political Union, ca. 1909. Color Lithograph. Prints and Photographs Division
Library of Congress (117b) https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/99402708/ https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/british/brit-4.html
The 1909 ‘Votes for Women’ poster, designed by Hilda Dallas, who was a member of the WSPU.
Photograph: Heritage Images/ Getty Images
The suffragettes and why they still matter G Saturday 19 September 2015 08.00 BST
http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/sep/19/
A recruitment poster for the National League for Opposing Woman Suffrage.
Photograph: Heritage Images/Getty Images
The suffragettes and why they still matter G Saturday 19 September 2015 08.00 BST
http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/sep/19/
Les suffragettes Ni paillassons, ni prostituées
Documentaire de Michèle Dominic 2011 53 min
Dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, au Royaume-Uni, des femmes commencent à s’organiser pour militer en faveur du droit de vote.
En 1905, dans l'Angleterre Edwardienne, les femmes n'en ont toujours pas le droit.
Les injustices qu'elles subissent ne sont pas entendues et leurs revendications sont nombreuses.
Il faudra attendre 1928 pour que celles que l’on surnomme les suffragettes obtiennent gain de cause.
En dix ans, grâce à leur farouche détermination, elles vont faire passer le Royaume-Uni du vote censitaire au suffrage universel, en redéfinissant totalement la notion de citoyenneté.
Les femmes, traditionnellement considérées comme inférieures, et écartées des affaires politiques, peuvent désormais s’exprimer au même titre que les hommes.
Combat pour l'égalité
Ce film retrace l’histoire de cette révolution en se penchant sur le parcours de cinq femmes qui ont consacré leur vie à ce combat pour l’égalité et la justice.
Certaines ont prôné la désobéissance civile ou le lobbying auprès des parlementaires.
D’autres ont opté pour la provocation et l’action violente, même si cela devait les conduire en prison ou à la mort.
Quel que soit le choix des armes, c’est grâce à leur acharnement, à leur sens politique aigu et à des stratégies d’une grande modernité qu’elles ont finalement remporté cette bataille contre le gouvernement. http://www.arte.tv/guide/fr/044436-000/les-suffragettes
http://www.arte.tv/guide/fr/044436-000/les-suffragettes - broken link
East London Federation of the Suffragettes ELFS
Maud Hebbes, who later became the first nurse at Marie Stopes’s birth control clinic, holds a malnourished child at the Mother’s Arms, Bow in 1915.
The ELFS ran a mother and baby clinic, a milk depot and a nursery in the disused pub.
East End Suffragettes: the photographs of Norah Smyth – in pictures Images shot by the women’s rights activist – charting the fight for social justice and featuring Sylvia Pankhurst – will be exhibited for the first time this week, 100 years after they were taken. G Mon 29 Oct 2018 07.00 GMT
https://www.theguardian.com/culture/gallery/2018/oct/29/
https://www.theguardian.com/culture/gallery/2018/oct/29/
Women's Social and Political Union WSPU
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/oct/12/
A picture taken in 1912 shows a carriage advertising The Suffragette (the Women’s Social and Political Union newspaper), with Norah Smyth driving.
East End Suffragettes: the photographs of Norah Smyth – in pictures Images shot by the women’s rights activist – charting the fight for social justice and featuring Sylvia Pankhurst – will be exhibited for the first time this week, 100 years after they were taken. G Mon 29 Oct 2018 07.00 GMT
https://www.theguardian.com/culture/gallery/2018/oct/29/
The suffragettes
Legal milestones for women 1832-1928
1928
Suffragette demonstration w. women carrying wands tipped with silver broad-arrows and banner "From Prison to Citizenship", each of 617 arrows representing a conviction of a Suffragette.
Location: London, United Kingdom
Date taken: March 1910
Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=ca3c53c5ca5dedee - broken link
1918
The Representation of the People Act gives voting rights to women over 30
Woman dropping ballot in ballot box, in Parliamentary election, re first time women allowed to vote, in illustration drawn by F. Matania.
Location: United Kingdom Date taken: December 18, 1918
Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=61f598ae2a94fc3f - broken link
Woman recording her vote in first election women allowed to vote in, w. women supervisors and clerks employed for 1st time.
Location: United Kingdom Date taken: October 1918
Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=e573622e286a3915 - broken link
For the same voting rights as men, women had to wait another ten years.
The Equal Franchise Act 1928, which gave women the vote on same terms as men, received Royal Assent on 2 July 1928.
http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/parliamentary-archives/archives-highlights/
https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/
August 1918 Female bus workers strike over equal pay demands
Female bus workers strike over equal pay demands in August 1918.
Photograph: Hulton Deutsch/Corbis via Getty Images
Women and the first world war: a taste of freedom G Sun 11 Nov 2018 07.00 GMT
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/11/
Wom Move Suffragettes #1 Of 2 [ Woman's franchise, Punch, January 23, 1918 ]
Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=e7cbf25f99aa6318 - broken link
Suffragettes
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/53819.stm http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/timelines/england/ear20_women_suffrage.shtml
https://www.theguardian.com/world/series/
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/apr/17/
https://www.theguardian.com/culture/gallery/2018/oct/29/
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/feb/07/
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/feb/06/
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/feb/06/
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jan/28/
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/nov/09/
http://www.npr.org/2015/10/23/
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/oct/12/
http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/sep/19/
http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/sep/12/
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/may/29/
http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2013/may/26/
http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2008/jul/09/women.women
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1928/jul/03/
Norah Lyle-Smyth 1874-1963
https://www.theguardian.com/culture/gallery/2018/oct/29/
Sylvia Pankhurst 1882-1960
Sylvia Pankhurst in 1913, recovering from hunger strike after her release from Holloway prison.
She was imprisoned 10 times over 12 months, each time going on hunger strike against forced feeding in prison.
Suffragettes were released to regain their health, then rearrested under the notorious “Cat and Mouse Act”.
East End Suffragettes: the photographs of Norah Smyth – in pictures Images shot by the women’s rights activist – charting the fight for social justice and featuring Sylvia Pankhurst – will be exhibited for the first time this week, 100 years after they were taken. G Mon 29 Oct 2018 07.00 GMT
https://www.theguardian.com/culture/gallery/2018/oct/29/
Sylvia Pankhurst being taken into custody by police during a 1912 suffrage protest in Trafalgar Square.
Photograph: The Life Picture Collection/Getty
The suffragettes and why they still matter G Saturday 19 September 2015 08.00 BST
http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/sep/19/
Suffragette Sylvia Pankhurst opposed involvement in the war.
Photograph: Hulton Deutsch/Corbis via Getty Images
Women and the first world war: a taste of freedom G Sun 11 Nov 2018 07.00 GMT
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/11/
Sylvia Pankhurst was an accomplished artist who used her skills to compliment the suffragette cause.
A co-founder of the WSPU with her mother and sisters, she designed banners, badges and posters for the Cause.
Sylvia was a committed socialist who increasingly identifying herself with working class women.
She came into conflict with Christabel about the aims and methods of WSPU and in 1912, her East London Federation of Suffragettes became a breakaway group.
Like her mother and sister, she was imprisoned many times but her strong pacifist views meant that whereas Emmeline and Christabel threw themselves into the war effort in 1914, Sylvia campaigned passionately against the war.
In the 1920s, she was a committed communist and continued to be active in international politics, especially in Ethiopia, until her death in 1960. http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/timeline/sylvia_pankhurst.shtml
https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/timeline/ https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0076433
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/15/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/18/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/11/
https://www.theguardian.com/culture/gallery/2018/oct/29/
Christabel Harriette Pankhurst 1880-1958
Christabel Pankhurst [ right ] and Annie Kenney, Manchester 1906.
Christabel Pankhurst and Annie Kenney were prominent members of the militant Women's Social and Political Union which campaigned for the enfranchisement of women. http://learningcurve.pro.gov.uk/politics/suffragettes/default.htm broken link
Christabel Pankhurst, co-founder of the Women’s Social and Political Union, inside the Women’s exhibition, May 1909
Soldiers in petticoats: portraits of the suffragettes – in pictures G Friday 19 June 2015 07.00 BST
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2015/jun/19/
Christabel studied law at Manchester University.
After founding the WSPU with her mother and sisters, Christabel, along with fellow campaigner Annie Kenney, became the first woman to be arrested in the suffrage campaign in 1905.
She was arrested and imprisoned many times more and, at one of her trials, she called Lloyd George and Gladstone as witnesses.
Christabel believed passionately in order and discipline within the movement.
This resulted in disagreements and eventual splits in the WSPU.
In 1912, threatened with arrest for conspiracy, she fled to France but still managed to direct the action from across the water.
After the war, she was one of the first women to stand as an MP, although she failed to get elected. https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/timeline/christabel_pankhurst.shtml
https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/timeline/
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-16968750
Annie Kenney 1879-1953
In 1905 Annie and her sisters Jessie and Jane went to a meeting in Oldham where Christabel Pankhurst spoke about voting rights for women.
Annie was so inspired that she was soon organising and speaking at meetings, and joined the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) which Christabel had recently helped form. http://www.wcml.org.uk/our-collections/activists/annie-kenney/
https://www.wcml.org.uk/our-collections/activists/
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/jun/11/
Wom Move Suffragettes #1 Of 2 [ The militant sex, Punch, June 24, 1908 ]
Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=c3fe0e448802f6c9 - broken link
Suffragette hunger strikes
on 5 July 1909, the imprisoned suffragette Marion Wallace Dunlop [1864-1942], a sculptor and illustrator, went on hunger strike.
A member of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), founded by in 1903 to campaign for the parliamentary vote for women, she had been sent to Holloway prison for printing an extract from the bill of rights on the wall of St Stephen's Hall in the House of Commons.
In her second division cell, Wallace Dunlop refused all food as a protest against the unwillingness of the authorities to recognise her as a political prisoner, and thus entitled to be placed in the first division where inmates enjoyed certain privileges.
Her hunger strike, she claimed, was "a matter of principle, not only for my own sake but for the sake of others who may come after me … refusing all food until this matter is settled to my satisfaction".
After three and a half days of fasting, she was released.
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/libertycentral/2009/jul/06/
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/libertycentral/2009/jul/06/
Soldiers in petticoats: portraits of the suffragettes – in pictures
Mounted on horseback, dressed in white robes, marching on the Royal Albert Hall …
this was a pivotal time for the suffragette movement, captured by one of the UK’s first press photographers, Christina Broom.
Her pictures, part of a forthcoming exhibition in London, reveal women on the edge of modernity – still dressed in Victorian gowns, but fighting for equal rights
http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2015/jun/19/
http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2015/jun/19/
http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/jun/19/
Millicent Garrett Fawcett 1847-1929
http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2013/apr/15/
Emmeline Pankhurst 1858-1928
Portrait of English suffragist Emmeline Pankhurst (1858-1928).
Location: United Kingdom
Date taken: 1926
Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=be1f70ca8043a932 - broken link
Emmeline Pankhurst being arrested outside Buckingham Palace in 1914.
Photograph: Heritage Images/Getty Images
‘It was like time travel. It reminds you just how courageous the suffragettes were’ G Saturday 12 September 2015 06.30 BST
http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/sep/12/
From left: Emmeline Pankhurst [ left ] with daughters Christabel and Sylvia at Waterloo station, London, 1911.
Photograph: Heritage Images/Getty Images
The suffragettes and why they still matter G Saturday 19 September 2015 08.00 BST
http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/sep/19/
In 1889, Emmeline founded the Women's Franchise League, which fought to allow married women to vote in local elections.
In October 1903, she helped found the more militant Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) - an organisation that gained much notoriety for its activities and whose members were the first to be christened 'suffragettes'.
Emmeline's daughters Christabel and Sylvia were both active in the cause.
British politicians, press and public were astonished by the demonstrations, window smashing, arson and hunger strikes of the suffragettes.
In 1913, WSPU member Emily Davison was killed when she threw herself under the king's horse at the Derby as a protest at the government's continued failure to grant women the right to vote.
[ . . . ]
In 1918, the Representation of the People Act gave voting rights to women over 30.
Emmeline died on 14 June 1928, shortly after women were granted equal voting rights with men (at 21). http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/pankhurst_emmeline.shtml
https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/
https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/timeline/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/series/
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/03/
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/dec/16/
http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/jul/24/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/29/
https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2007/apr/27/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/apr/27/
https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/1913/feb/25/
https://www.nytimes.com/1909/10/22/
Emily Wilding Davison 1872-1913
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/may/31/
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/may/26/
Suffragettes in prison clothing after their release, 1908.
Photograph: Heritage Images/Getty Images
100 women on 100 years of voting O 28 January 2018
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jan/28/
Wom Move Suffragettes #1 Of 2 [ Donna Quixote, Punch, April 28, 1894 ]
Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=2ce416662a435af6 - broken link
Wom Move Suffragettes #1 Of 2 [ Fun, April 17, 1889 ]
Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=e1dc30865b3b2974 - broken link
Wom Move Suffragettes #1 Of 2 [ Female suffrage, male suffering, Fun, June 12, 1875 ]
Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=d081fa705bc4e4f3 - broken link
19th century
From the Guardian archive, 15 April 1892:
Speaking up for women's voting rights
Suffragist Millicent Fawcett responds to a letter from Mr Samuel Smith MP against giving women the vote, and urges MPs to support the Women's Suffrage Bill
https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2013/apr/15/
https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2013/apr/15/
19th century
1884
Petition for votes for women
19th century
Ideals of Womanhood in Victorian Britain
https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/trail/victorian_britain/
19th century
Women's Work in Victorian Britain
https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/
Anna Haslam Ireland 1829-1922
a key figure in the 19th and early 20th-century women's movement in Ireland
https://www.nationalarchives.ie/topics/
https://www.nationalarchives.ie/topics/
Related > Anglonautes > History > 17th - early 21st century
19th amendment to the Constitution
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20th century > UK, British Empire, England
Related > Anglonautes > Vocapedia
violence against women and girls
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