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History > America, English America, USA
English America, America, USA > Slavery, Lynchings, Abolitionists, Civil War,
19th century > USA > End to slavery
Abraham Lincoln / "Honest Abe" (1809-1865)
16th President of the United States 1861-1865
Abraham Lincoln, 16th president of The United States. Source https://loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3a53289/ Date: 1863 Nov. 8 Author: Alexander Gardner (1821-1882) Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln
The melancholy Abraham Lincoln
Photograph: Library of Congress
Searching for the Real Abraham Lincoln NYT Published Sept. 29, 2020 Updated Oct. 1, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/29/
July 7, 1865
Execution of the Conspirators
On July 7, 1865, four people were hanged in Washington, D.C., for conspiring with John Wilkes Booth to assassinate President Abraham Lincoln. http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2014/07/07/us/ap-history.html
Execution of the four persons condemned as conspirators and George A. Atzerodt), July 7,1865.
Photographed by Alexander Gardner. 111-BA-2034. NARA > LINCOLN'S ASSASSINATION
http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-201.jpg
https://www.loc.gov/collections/abraham-lincoln-papers/
John Wilkes Booth 1838-1865
John Wilkes Booth, left. Abraham Lincoln, right.
Photograph: Library of Congress, Mathew Brady/Library of Congress
Necromancers, Killers and Presidents, Summoned From the Pages of History Did Abraham Lincoln, like John Wilkes Booth, ever find solace in spiritualism? NYT June 26, 2022
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/26/
John Wilkes Booth 1838-1865
President Lincoln's killer
Contrary to what many believe, Booth was not a madman, according to Alford.
In fact, he was politically motivated to assassinate Lincoln.
"John Wilkes Booth was one of those people who thought the best country in the history of the world was the United States as it existed before the Civil War," Alford says.
"And then when Lincoln came along, he was changing that in fundamental ways."
Those ideological differences include increasing the power of the federal government and emancipating the slaves, both things Booth was vehemently against.
He was angered that the government instituted an income tax and the military draft, and that the government occasionally suspended habeas corpus, a legal protection against unlawful imprisonment.
All these things, Alford says, agitated Booth.
http://www.npr.org/2015/04/15/
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/26/
http://www.npr.org/2015/04/15/
Our nation’s martyr: The death of President Lincoln in Washington on April 15, 1865.
Photograph: Lithograph From Currier & Ives, via Library of Congress
‘Mourning Lincoln’ and ‘Lincoln’s Body’ NYT FEB. 4, 2015
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/08/
The National News, 14 April 1865.
Photograph: Reuters
Every Drop of Blood review: how Lincoln's Second Inaugural bound America's wounds G Sat 18 Apr 2020 07.00 BST Last modified on Sat 18 Apr 2020 08.36 BST
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/apr/18/
On the evening of April 14, 1865, while attending a special performance of the comedy, "Our American Cousin," President Abraham Lincoln was shot.
Accompanying him at Ford's Theater that night were his wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, a twenty-eight year-old officer named Major Henry R. Rathbone, and Rathbone's fiancee, Clara Harris.
After the play was in progress, a figure with a drawn derringer pistol stepped into the presidential box, aimed, and fired.
The president slumped forward.
The assassin, John Wilkes Booth, dropped the pistol and waved a dagger.
Rathbone lunged at him, and though slashed in the arm, forced the killer to the railing.
Booth leaptfrom the balcony and caught the spurof his left boot on a flag draped over the rail, and shattered a bone in his leg on landing.
Though injured,he rushed out the back door, and disappeared into the night on horseback.
A doctor in the audience immediately went upstairs to the box.
The bullet had entered through Lincoln's left ear and lodged behind his right eye.
He was paralyzed and barely breathing.
He was carried across Tenth Street, to a boarding-house opposite the theater, but the doctors' best efforts failed.
Nine hours later, at 7:22 AM on April 15th, Lincoln died. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/alhtml/alrintr.html
https://www.loc.gov/collections/abraham-lincoln-papers/
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/04/15/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/04/14/
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/08/
http://www.nytimes.com/1865/04/17/
http://www.nytimes.com/1865/04/15/
http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/browser/1865/04/15/P1
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln:
Selected Images from the Collections of the Library of Congress
https://guides.loc.gov/abraham-lincoln-photos
Abraham Lincoln 1809-1865
16th President of the United States 1861-1865
Abraham Lincoln with his son Tad.
Photograph: Alexander Gardner, via Library of Congress
Remains from Lincoln’s Last Day NYT APRIL 10, 2015
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/10/
Abraham Lincoln and his second son Thomas (Tad), photographed on 5 February 1865.
Photograph: Alexander Gardner
Early American photography – in pictures G Friday 2 March 2018
https://www.theguardian.com/culture/gallery/2018/mar/02/
https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/abraham-lincoln https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002713085/ https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/gettysburg-address/ https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=13
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/documents/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2024/feb/10/
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/01/
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/17/
https://www.npr.org/2022/10/18/
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/26/
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/01/
https://www.npr.org/2020/12/29/
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/29/
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/apr/18/
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/apr/11/
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/06/
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/20/
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/04/
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/us/
http://www.npr.org/blogs/npr-history-dept/2015/04/14/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/04/14/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/04/13/
http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/bigpicture/2015/04/10/
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/10/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/04/07/
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/30/
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/20/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/11/07/
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/17/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/04/the-interminable-everlasting-lincolns-part-3/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/03/the-interminable-everlasting-lincolns-part-2/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/01/the-interminable-everlasting-lincolns-prologue/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/08/01/a-mothers-letter-to-lincoln/
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/17/books/review/lincolns-tragic-pragmatism-by-john-burt.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/01/opinion/the-emancipation-of-abe-lincoln.html
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/04/lincoln-colonization-and-the-sound-of-silence/ http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/29/steven-spielberg-historian/ http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/11/24/opinion/20101125_LincolnBeard.html http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/23/us/lecompton-kansas-promotes-role-in-lincolns-rise.html http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/20/lincoln-in-july/ http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/04/us/richard-n-current-civil-war-historian-dies-at-100.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/03/04/opinion/20110304_Lincoln_Inauguration.html
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/03/03/lincoln-addresses-the-nation/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/15/bayonets-in-buffalo/
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/02/10/opinion/20110211_Lincoln_Train.html
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/24/lincoln-a-beard-is-born/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/23/the-sound-of-lincolns-silence/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/22/lincoln-speaks/
http://www.npr.org/2010/10/11/
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/09/arts/design/09lincoln.html
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/12/lincolns-mailbag/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/10/how-and-where-lincoln-won/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/07/lincoln-wins-now-what/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/05/hearing-the-returns-with-mr-lincoln/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/05/a-lincoln-photograph-and-a-mystery/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/10/30/will-lincoln-prevail/
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/19/opinion/19gates.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/14/arts/design/14linc.html
1865
Slavery is abolished
AMENDMENT XIII
Passed by Congress January 31, 1865.
Ratified December 6, 1865.
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Section 2.
Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
http://www.archives.gov/
https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs
Members of the 107th U.S. Colored Infantry, 1865. President Abraham Lincoln permitted Union forces to enlist Blacks in the Civil War, but as Carol Anderson argues in “The Second,” white fear of armed African-Americans has often shaped legislation around the right to bear arms.
Photograph: Library of Congress
Was the Constitutional Right to Bear Arms Designed to Protect Slavery? NYT May 28, 2021
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/28/
Civil War
November 19, 1863
At the end of the Battle of Gettysburg, more than 51,000 Confederate and Union soldiers were wounded, missing, or dead.
Many of those who died were laid in makeshift graves along the battlefield.
Pennsylvania Governor Andrew Curtin commissioned David Wills, an attorney, to purchase land for a proper burial site for the deceased Union soldiers.
Wills acquired 17 acres for the cemetery, which was planned and designed by landscape architect William Saunders.
The cemetery was dedicated on November 19, 1863.
The main speaker for the event was Edward Everett, one of the nation’s foremost orators.
President Lincoln was also invited to speak “as Chief Executive of the nation, formally [to] set apart these grounds to their sacred use by a few appropriate remarks.”
At the ceremony, Everett spoke for more than 2 hours; Lincoln spoke for 2 minutes.
President Lincoln had given his brief speech a lot of thought.
He saw meaning in the fact that the Union victory at Gettysburg coincided with the nation’s birthday;
but rather than focus on the specific battle in his remarks, he wanted to present a broad statement about the larger significance of the war.
He invoked the Declaration of Independence, and its principles of liberty and equality, and he spoke of “a new birth of freedom” for the nation.
In his brief address, he continued to reshape the aims of the war for the American people —transforming it from a war for Union to a war for Union and freedom.
Although Lincoln expressed disappointment in the speech initially, it has come to be regarded as one of the most elegant and eloquent speeches in U.S. history. http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=36
https://archive.nytimes.com/opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/17/
https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/18/
January 1, 1863
Abraham Lincoln
The Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation, which Abraham Lincoln signed on Jan. 1, 1863, was primarily a military tool.
When he issued it in preliminary form in September 1862, it was meant to be a warning to the South: give up, or your slaves will be set free.
And, once in place, emancipation did just what Lincoln wanted — it drew untold thousands of freed slaves to the advancing Union armies, depleting the Southern work force and providing the North with much-needed cheap labor.
But it also created an immense humanitarian crisis in which hundreds of thousands of former slaves died from disease, malnutrition and poverty.
Emancipation did, of course, free the slaves in the Confederacy.
But Lincoln can no longer be portrayed as the hero in this story.
Despite his efforts to end slavery, his emancipation policies failed to consider the human cost of liberation. http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/05/dying-for-freedom/
https://www.loc.gov/collections/abraham-lincoln-papers/about-this-collection/ https://www.archives.gov/exhibits
http://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/20/images-of-emancipation/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/05/dying-for-freedom/
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/01/opinion/how-many-slaves-work-for-you.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/01/opinion/the-emancipation-of-abe-lincoln.html
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/31/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/27/emancipation-in-indiana/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/21/lincolns-great-gamble/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/21/freedom-and-restraint/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/19/emancipations-price/
http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/05/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/16/lincolns-panama-plan/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/23/lincolns-plan-emerges/
http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/27/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/20/lincoln-in-july/
Dakota War of 1862
Dakota Conflict Trials
Execution of thirty-eight Sioux Indians - December 26, 1862
(The U.S.-Dakota War of 1862) started when Indian agents withheld food and supplies guaranteed under treaty with the Dakota people, part of an effort to force the Dakota off their land.
Hundreds died in the war that lasted a little over a month.
More than 300 Dakota warriors were sentenced to death, but there was public outcry.
Many religious leaders protested the executions to President Abraham Lincoln.
He reviewed each case and reduced the number to 38.
About 1,700 Dakota people, mostly women and children, who weren’t sentenced to death or prison were removed from Lower Agency to Fort Snelling in November 1862.
On Dec. 26, 1862, 38 Dakota men were hanged in Mankato.
It was the largest single-day mass execution in U.S. history.
Lincoln signed the death warrants.
Two more Dakota chiefs were executed two years later.
Many of the incarcerated Dakota women and children died of cold and hunger that winter.
https://www.mprnews.org/story/2022/12/23/
September 23, 1862
Abraham Lincoln
End to slavery
https://www.theguardian.com/news/1862/oct/06/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/1862/oct/05/
April 16, 1862
President Abraham Lincoln signs a bill ending slavery in the District of Columbia
https://www.archives.gov/exhibits
1860
Abraham Lincoln is elected to the presidency
https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/slavery/timeline/
In 1838, as a 28-year-old state legislator, Abraham Lincoln delivered an address at the Young Men’s Lyceum of Springfield, Ill.
The speech was given in the aftermath of the lynching of a mixed-race boatman and the killing of an abolitionist newspaper editor.
Lincoln warned that a “mobocratic spirit” and “wild and furious passions” posed a threat to republican institutions.
He also alerted people to the danger of individuals — “an Alexander, a Caesar or a Napoleon?” — who, in their search for glory and power, might pose a threat to American self-government.
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/20/
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/20/
Related > Anglonautes > History / Historical documents
20th century > USA > Civil rights
17th, 18th, 19th, 20th century
Emancipation Proclamation - 1863
Related > Anglonautes > Vocapedia
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