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History > Cold War > USSR, Poland > Dissidents

 

 

 

Time Covers - The 70S

TIME cover 02-25-1974

Soviet dissident writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn.

 

Date taken: February 25, 1974

 

Photograph: Chris Bennett

 

Life Images

http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=4d18d90de350ac22

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Yuri Fyodorovich Orlov

Ю́рий Фёдорович Орло́в    1924-2020

 

Soviet physicist

and disillusioned

former Communist

who publicly held

Moscow accountable

for failing to protect

the rights of dissidents

and was imprisoned

and exiled

for his own apostasy

 

(...)

 

Professor Orlov

was released from Siberia

in 1986

in a prisoner exchange

before his 12-year term

in a labor camp and exile

expired.

 

He was banished

from the Soviet Union

and went to the United States,

where he pursued

his scientific research

and human rights advocacy and,

beginning in 1987,

taught physics and government

at Cornell University in Ithaca.

 

He became a citizen in 1993.

 

A credulous Communist Party

member since college,

Professor Orlov

began having doubts

about the party based

on a growing foreboding

under Stalin

over what he later described

as “slavery without

private property.”

 

He was further alienated

by the subsequent

Soviet repression

of civil liberties movements

in Hungary

and what he called

the “savage suppressions

of workers’ unrest”

in Czechoslovakia.

 

He helped organize

the Soviet branch

of Amnesty International

in 1973.

 

In 1976, he founded,

with Lyudmila Alexeyeva,

what was considered

his most enduring legacy:

the Moscow Helsinki Group,

which monitored

Soviet compliance

with the human rights

commitments

that had been outlined

in the 1975 Helsinki Accords,

signed by some 35 nations.

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/01/
world/europe/yuri-orlov-dead.html

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/01/
world/europe/yuri-orlov-dead.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Poland

 

Zbigniew Romaszewski    1940-2014

 

Physicist

who resisted Poland’s Communists

 

 

In the anxious months

after Poland’s

Communist government

declared martial law

in December 1981,

leaders of Solidarity,

the workers’ movement

that the government

was seeking to silence,

were forced into hiding.

 

Even as they eluded arrest,

they did not want

to lose contact

with the movement’s

millions of supporters

across the country.

 

Zbigniew Romaszewski

could have observed

these events

from a safe distance.

 

He was a physicist,

not a laborer.

 

But he had already

spent years

putting himself at risk

fighting Communism

at the ground level.

 

He played an early role

in a seminal workers’

rights group

founded in the 1970s,

known as KOR

(the name

was a Polish acronym

for the Workers’

Defense Committee),

which helped establish

the Solidarity movement.

 

In 1979,

he represented KOR

in meetings in Moscow

with the Soviet dissident

Andrei Sakharov,

a year before Sakharov

was forced into exile.

 

In 1979 and 1980,

he helped start

the Polish branch

of the Helsinki Committee

for Human Rights

and wrote

a widely disseminated report

critical of the Communist

government.

https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/27/
world/zbigniew-romaszewski-physicist-who-resisted-polands-communists-dies-at-74.html 

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/27/
world/zbigniew-romaszewski-physicist-who-resisted-polands-communists-dies-at-74.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alexander Solzhenitsyn / Александр Исаевич Солженицын

1918-2008

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

https://www.npr.org/2011/09/16/
137471155/one-ordinary-day-in-one-extraordinary-life

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/aug/06/
russia

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/04/
books/04solzhenitsyn.html

 

https://www.npr.org/templates/story/
story.php?storyId=93351109 - August 6, 2008

 

https://www.npr.org/templates/story/
story.php?storyId=93250748 - August 4, 2008

 

https://www.npr.org/templates/story/
story.php?storyId=93250786 - August 4, 2008

 

https://www.npr.org/transcripts/93243061 - August 3, 2008

 

https://www.npr.org/templates/story/
story.php?storyId=5176874 - January 29, 2006

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov / Андре́й Дми́триевич Са́харов    1921-1989

 

Andrei Sakharov

was one of Russia's

top nuclear physicists.

 

(...)

 

In 1979,

when the Soviet Union

intervened

in the civil war in Afghanistan,

Sakharov spoke out strongly

against this action.

 

In January, 1980,

he was arrested

on the street,

informed

that by a decree

of the Presidium

of the Supreme Soviet

he had been deprived

of the title of Hero

of Socialist Labour

and all other awards

and honours,

and was put

on a special flight

to exile in Gorky

(now called Nizhni Novgorod),

a city which at that time

was closed to foreigners.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A715600

 

 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A715600

 

http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0521.html

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jun/19/
yelena-bonner-russian-activist-dies

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

14 February 1974

 

Russian author charged with treason

 

 

The Soviet authorities

formally charge Russian writer

Alexander Solzhenitsyn

(1918-2008)

with treason one day

after expelling him

from the country.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/14/
newsid_2541000/2541129.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/14/
newsid_2541000/2541129.stm

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/2276650.stm

https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/
aleksandr-solzhenitsyn 

 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/aug/22/
solzhenitsyn-russian-revolution-epic-novel-the-red-wheel-complete-english-translation

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/04/
books/04solzhenitsyn.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1973-1974

 

Alexander Solzhenitsyn 's The Gulag Archipelago

 

The Gulag Archipelago:

An Experiment

in Literary Investigation

(Russian: Архипелаг ГУЛАГ,

Arkhipelag GULAG)

is a three-volume, non-fiction text

written between 1958 and 1968

by Russian writer and historian

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn.

 

It was first

published in 1973,

followed by

an English translation

the following year.

 

It covers life

in what is often known

as the Gulag,

the Communist Soviet

forced labour camp system,

through a narrative

constructed

from various sources

including reports,

interviews, statements,

diaries, legal documents,

and Solzhenitsyn's

own experience

as a Gulag prisoner.

 

In Russian,

the term GULAG (ГУЛАГ)

is an acronym for

Main Directorate of Camps

(Главное управление лагерей).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gulag_Archipelago

 

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gulag_Archipelago

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/1974/06/16/
archives/the-gulag-archipelago-by-aleksandr-i-solzhenitsyn-translated-by.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9 March 1967

 

Stalin's daughter defects to the West

 

 

The daughter

of the Soviet dictator

Joseph Stalin

requests political asylum

at the United States Embassy

in India.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/9/
newsid_2801000/2801709.stm

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/9/newsid
_2801000/2801709.stm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anglonautes > History > 20th century

 

Cold War > USA > Vietnam War    1962-1975

 

Cold War / холодная война

 

 

 

 

 

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https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/dec/26/
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Dagmar Searchinger        1916-2011

founder of Women Strike for Peace,

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http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/24/us/24wilson.html

 

 

 

 

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https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/20/
world/americas/20rubottom.html  

 

 

 

 

The National Security Archive / The George Washington University

The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962

https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//nsa/cuba_mis_cri/index.htm 

https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//nsa/cuba_mis_cri/photos.htm 

 

 

 

 

Cold War

The global superpower stand-off

that brought the world

to the brink of destruction.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/coldwar/

 

 

 

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