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History > USA > U.S. presidents
Lyndon B. Johnson 1908-1973
36th president of the United States 1963-1969
President Lyndon Johnson preparing an address on Vietnam in 1968.
Photograph: Bettmann Archive, via Getty Images
Why Lyndon Johnson Dropped Out NYT March 24, 2018
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/24/
President Lyndon Johnson with Robert McNamara, right, and Dean Rusk in 1967.
Photograph: Hulton Archive/Getty Images
VIETNAM '67 A Lost Chance for Peace in Vietnam NYT JUNE 16, 2017
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/16/ https://www.nytimes.com/column/vietnam-67
Description: Lyndon B. Johnson taking the oath of office on Air Force One following the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Dallas, Texas.
Left to right: Mac Kilduff (holding dictating machine), Judge Sarah T. Hughes, Jack Valenti, Congressman Albert Thomas, Marie Fehmer (behind Thomas), Lady Bird Johnson, Dallas Police Chief Jesse Curry, President Lyndon B. Johnson, Evelyn Lincoln (eyeglasses only visible above LBJ's shoulder), Congressman Homer Thornberry (in shadow, partially obscured by LBJ), Roy Kellerman (partially obscured by Thornberry), Lem Johns (partially obscured by Mrs. Kennedy), Jacqueline Kennedy, Pamela Tunure (behind Brooks), Congressman Jack Brooks, Bill Moyers (mostly obscured by Brooks)
Date: November 22, 1963
Photograph: Cecil Stoughton, White House Press Office (WHPO) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lyndon_B._Johnson_taking_the_oath_of_office%2C_November_1963.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson Source http://photolab.lbjlib.utexas.edu/detail.asp?id=18319
Photograph: Cecil Stoughton
The White House watched as Lyndon B. Johnson took the presidential oath of office aboard Air Force One at Love Field in Dallas, Tex., just two hours after John F. Kennedy was shot.
Jack Valenti, 85, Dies; Confidant of a President and Stars NYT 27 April 2007
https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/27/
Lyndon Baines Johnson 1908-1973
36th President of the United States 1963-1969
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Jan. 23, 1968
North Korea's capture of the USS Pueblo
Near the end of Lyndon Johnson’s presidency, North Korea undertook an extraordinary gamble against the United States, attacking and capturing a Navy spy ship, the Pueblo.
Six gunboats and two jets pounced on the Pueblo off North Korea’s rugged eastern coast as it tried to pinpoint radar and other military installations.
One American sailor died in the Jan. 23, 1968, attack; 82 others were imprisoned.
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/24/
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/24/
https://www.npr.org/2018/01/23/
Oct. 3, 1965
The Immigration and Nationality Act
Lyndon Johnson signing the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 on Liberty Island in New York Harbor.
The legislation ended ethnic quotas and included a family reunification clause.
Photograph: Corbis, via Getty Images
The Surprising Origin of Our Modern Nation of Immigrants The landmark 1965 immigration law prioritized family ties, but originally as a way to keep America white. NYT June 13, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/13/
The Immigration and Nationality Act, signed at the foot of the Statue of Liberty on Oct. 3, 1965, abolished the national origin quota system, under which immigrants were chosen on the basis of their race and ancestry.
The quotas set aside tens of thousands of visas each year for immigrants from Northern and Western Europe, while many countries in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East were allocated barely 100 slots each.
It was a blatantly discriminatory system.
Under the new law, immigrants were to be selected on the basis of their family connections in the United States and the skills and training they could offer, with all nationalities treated more or less equally.
Fifty years after its passage, it is clear the law definitively altered the complexion of the U.S. population.
In 1965, the immigrant share of the population was at an all-time low.
Eighty-five percent of the population was white, and 7 out of 8 immigrants were coming from Europe.
By 2010, the share of the U.S. population born overseas had tripled, and 9 out of 10 immigrants were coming from outside Europe.
https://www.npr.org/2015/10/03/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/13/
https://www.npr.org/2015/10/03/
March 2, 1965
Operation "Rolling Thunder" Begins
Johnson approves Rolling Thunder in February, believing that a program of limited bombing in North Vietnam will deter support for Vietcong.
Rolling Thunder continues for three years and eight months, involving 305,380 raids and 634,000 tons of bombs.
Results include:
818 pilots killed and hundreds more captured;
182,000 civilians killed in North Vietnam. http://www.pbs.org/opb/thesixties/timeline/timeline_text.html
http://www.pbs.org/opb/thesixties/timeline/timeline_text.html
Voting Rights Act 6 August 1965
Marches from Selma to Montgomery >
August 5, 1964
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, also called Tonkin Gulf Resolution
resolution put before the U.S. Congress by President Lyndon Johnson on Aug. 5, 1964, assertedly in reaction to two allegedly unprovoked attacks by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on the destroyers Maddox and C. Turner Joy of the U.S. Seventh Fleet in the Gulf of Tonkin on August 2 and August 4, respectively.
Its stated purpose was to approve and support the determination of the president, as commander in chief, in taking all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression.
It also declared that the maintenance of international peace and security in Southeast Asia was vital to American interests and to world peace.
Both houses of Congress passed the resolution on August 7, the House of Representatives by 414 votes to nil, and the Senate by a vote of 88 to 2.
The resolution served as the principal constitutional authorization for the subsequent vast escalation of the United States’ military involvement in the Vietnam War.
Several years later, as the American public became increasingly disillusioned with the Vietnam War, many congressmen came to see the resolution as giving the president a blanket power to wage war, and the resolution was repealed in 1970.
In 1995 Vo Nguyen Giap, who had been North Vietnam’s military commander during the Vietnam War, acknowledged the August 2 attack on the Maddox but denied that the Vietnamese had launched another attack on August 4, as the Johnson administration had claimed at the time. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/249172/Gulf-of-Tonkin-Resolution
https://www.britannica.com/event/
Anglonautes > History > 20th century
Cold War > USA > Vietnam War 1962-1975
Voting Rights Act 6 August 1965
Marches from Selma to Montgomery >
20th, early 21st century > USA >
Anglonautes > Arts > Photographers > 20th century > USA > Civil rights
James "Spider" Martin 1939-2003
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