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History > USA > Civil rights > Activists
Vivian Malone 1942-2005
Vivian Malone and James Hood, surrounded by national guardsmen and reporters, enroll at the University of Alabama on June 11 1963.
Photograph: Bettmann/Corbi
Vivian Malone Jones Black student whose enrolment marked the beginning of the end of segregation in the US south G p. 32 18 October 2005
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/oct/18/
Vivian Juanita Malone Jones 1942-2005
Vivian Malone Jones (...) came to public attention as one of the two black students whose enrolment at the University of Alabama in 1963 was a decisive moment in America's civil rights struggle.
It remains etched in the nation's memory, defying Governor George Wallace's infamous "stand in the schoolhouse door" to stop integration.
At his inauguration as governor of Alabama in January that year, Wallace vowed to maintain "segregation forever", fulfilling the promise by barring the students.
When the moment came, his willingness to enforce the pledge proved nominal;
a carefully scripted performance, choreographed by the governor's office and the federal authorities in Washington, led by President John F Kennedy's attorney general brother Robert, allowed Wallace to state his position, while avoiding confrontation.
Making the gesture, however, catapulted him on to the national scene and assured his re-election as a populist Democrat.
In 1996, two years before his death, he apologised to Jones and asked for her forgiveness. http://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/oct/18/guardianobituaries.usa
Black student whose enrolment marked the beginning of the end of segregation in the US south
Vivian Malone Jones (...) came to public attention as one of the two black students whose enrolment at the University of Alabama in 1963 was a decisive moment in America's civil rights struggle.
It remains etched in the nation's memory, defying Governor George Wallace's infamous "stand in the schoolhouse door" to stop integration. http://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/oct/18/guardianobituaries.usa
Vivian Malone Jones (...) on a blisteringly hot June day in 1963 became one of two black students to enroll at the University of Alabama after first being barred at the door by the defiant governor, George C. Wallace
(...)
Her entrance to the university came as the civil rights struggle raged across the South.
On June 12, the day after Ms. Jones and James Hood were escorted into the university by federalized National Guard troops, the civil rights leader Medgar Evers was shot to death in Jackson, Miss.
On May 30, 1965, Ms. Jones became the first black to graduate from the University of Alabama in its 134 years of existence, earning a degree in business management with a B-plus average.
The performance of Governor Wallace, who stood at the doorway of Foster Auditorium flanked by state troopers, fulfilled a campaign pledge stop integration at "the schoolhouse door."
But historians have written that his defiance was scripted and came with a promise to federal authorities that he would be brief and would soon comply. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/14/national/14jones.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
https://www.history.com/
https://diversity.ua.edu/
http://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/oct/18/
http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/14/
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4960645 -
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4958399 -
http://www.npr.org/2003/06/11/
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