|
History > USA > Civil
rights
Tulsa massacre 31 May 1921
Tulsa, Oklahoma, US
Darius Kirk looks at a mural depicting the
Tulsa Race Massacre
in the historic
Greenwood neighbourhood
ahead of centennial commemorations of the
massacre.
The area, originally known as Black Wall
Street,
was destroyed a hundred years ago
when a murderous white mob
laid waste to
what was the nation’s
most prosperous Black-owned business
district
and residential neighbourhood.
Photograph: John Locher
AP
20 photographs of the week
The aftermath of the conflict in Gaza and
Israel,
the one-year anniversary of George Floyd’s
death,
the Nyiragongo volcano erupts near Goma,
and
Covid deaths in India:
the most striking images from around the
world this week
G
Fri 28 May 2021 19.22 BST
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2021/may/28/
20-photographs-of-the-week
Viola Fletcher, 109, known as ‘Mother
Fletcher’,
the oldest survivor of the Tulsa race
massacre.
Photograph: Shuran Huang
The Guardian
‘Let the world know’:
elderly survivors of the Tulsa race massacre
push for justice
Viola Ford Fletcher and her family
fled a murderous white mob 102 years ago
– today she’s still demanding accountability
G
Sun 25 Jun 2023 11.00 BST
Last modified on Sun 25 Jun 2023
11.26 BST
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jun/25/
tulsa-race-massacre-survivors-congress-justice-reparations
“I was there when it happened,”
said Hughes Van Ellis, who is 100 years old.
“I’m still here.”
Photograph: Stefani Reynolds
for
The New York Times
At 107, 106 and 100,
Remaining Tulsa Massacre Survivors Plead for Justice
The three known survivors, who were all children in 1921,
offered their firsthand accounts of the race massacre
at a hearing in Washington.
NYT
May 20, 2021
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/20/
us/tulsa-massacre-survivors.html
Lessie Benningfield Randle,
a 106-year-old survivor of the
Tulsa massacre.
Photograph: Rahim Fortune
for
The New York Times
100 Years After the Tulsa
Massacre,
What Does Justice Look Like?
In 1921,
a white mob attacked the
Greenwood district of Tulsa,
killing hundreds of Black
people and destroying the neighborhood.
Justice has never been served.
Can it still be today?
NYT
May 25, 2021
5:00 a.m. ET
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/25/
magazine/tulsa-race-massacre-1921-greenwood.html
Survivors of the 1921 riot,
which left hundreds of Black residents dead,
shared their stories before a House Judiciary subcommittee
and asked members of Congress to help them secure justice.
Photograph: Stefani Reynolds
for The New York Times
At 107, 106 and 100,
Remaining Tulsa Massacre Survivors Plead for Justice
The three known survivors,
who were all children in 1921,
offered their firsthand accounts of the race massacre
at a
hearing in Washington.
NYT
May 20, 2021 Updated 10:03 a.m. ET
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/20/
us/tulsa-massacre-survivors.html
Why Trump’s Tulsa Rally
Put the City’s Black
Residents on Edge
NYT 22 june 2020
Why Trump’s Tulsa Rally Put the City’s Black
Residents on Edge
Video
NYT News The New York Times
22 june 2020
President Trump’s rally in Tulsa, Okla.,
the site of one of the country’s
worst episodes of racial violence in 1921,
angered the city’s black residents.
In this news analysis,
we explain what this moment could mean
for
Mr. Trump’s re-election bid.
YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jdps9MiVKqA
Mt. Zion Baptist Church was
burned by white mobs
during the 1921
Tulsa race
riot.
Photograph:
Greenwood Cultural Center, via
Associated Press
Tulsa’s Prayers, and Past
Scars,
Softened Reaction to Police Shooting
NYT
Sept. 23, 2016
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/24/
us/tulsa-police-shooting-reaction.html
Smoke rises from buildings during the
1921 race riot
in
Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Photograph: Library Of Congress/Reuters
Tulsa still haunted by memory of white supremacist massacre
on eve of Trump visit
G
Fri 19 Jun 2020 14.11 BST
Last modified on Fri 19 Jun 2020 15.11 BST
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/19/
tulsa-oklahoma-white-supremacist-massacre-trump-rally
Tulsa on fire in 1921,
after a white mob laid waste to
its thriving
Greenwood district,
a commercial area developed by
leaders of the city’s Black population.
Hundreds were killed
by the
white mob and thousands left homeless.
Photograph: Library of Congress
Review: The Tulsa Massacre,
Remembered by Those Who Survived
“Goin’ Back to T-Town,”
the 1993 PBS documentary about
the mass murder of a city’s Black residents
and the destruction of their
community, returns.
NYT
February 7, 2021
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/07/
arts/television/review-tulsa-massacre-remembered.html
Some of the ruins
from the
Tulsa Race Massacre in June 1921,
when white vigilantes set the Oklahoma city’s
African-American district ablaze.
Photograph:
Bettmann
Archive/Getty Images
The Burning of Black Wall Street, Revisited
Nearly a century after the Tulsa Race Massacre,
the search for the dead continues.
NYT
June 19, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/19/
opinion/tulsa-race-riot-massacre-graves.html
The remains of the
Greenwood
district in June 1921.
Photograph: via The Library of
Congress
100 Years After the Tulsa
Massacre, What Does Justice Look Like?
In 1921,
a white mob attacked the
Greenwood district of Tulsa,
killing hundreds of Black
people and destroying the neighborhood.
Justice has never been served.
Can it still be today?
NYT
May 25, 2021
5:00 a.m. ET
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/25/
magazine/tulsa-race-massacre-1921-greenwood.html
A group of National Guard troops,
carrying rifles with bayonets attached,
escort unarmed African-American men
to a detention center
after the
Tulsa Race Massacre
in June 1921.
Photograph: Oklahoma Historical Society
Getty Images
The Burning of Black Wall Street, Revisited
Nearly a century after the Tulsa Race Massacre,
the search for the dead continues.
NYT
June 19, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/19/
opinion/tulsa-race-riot-massacre-graves.html
Black detainees are led to
Convention Hall following the race riot
in
Tulsa, Okla., in 1921.
Photograph: Tulsa Historical Society &
Museum
Anglonautes' note: the above
picture is a
cropped version.
Tulsa’s Prayers, and Past
Scars, Softened Reaction to Police Shooting
NYT
Sept. 23, 2016
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/24/
us/tulsa-police-shooting-reaction.html
After white rioters torched
Black businesses
in the
Greenwood district,
authorities detained thousands
of Black people.
Photograph: Science History
Images/Alamy
Anglonautes' note: this is the
uncropped version.
Hundreds were killed in the
Tulsa race massacre.
Are we already forgetting them?
After white rioters torched
Black businesses
in the Greenwood district,
authorities detained thousands
of Black people.
Photograph: Science History
Images/Alamy
Hundreds were killed in the
Tulsa race massacre.
Are we already forgetting them?
G
Wed 31 May 2023
14.00 BST
Last modified on Wed 31 May
2023 14.14 BST
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/may/31/
tulsa-race-massacre-greenwood-black-wall-street-history
31 May, 1921
Tulsa,
Oklahoma
White supremacist massacre
on June 1,
(...)
the neighborhood of
Greenwood,
home to a business district
known as Black Wall Street,
was destroyed by a white mob.
The mob looted
and set fire to the businesses,
and historians estimate
up to 300 people were killed,
8,000 left homeless,
23 churches burned
and more than 1,200 homes
destroyed.
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/20/
us/tulsa-massacre-survivors.html
As African American
economic successes,
especially business
and property ownership,
mounted,
fear and jealousy swelled
within the white community.
White corporate
and railroad interests
coveted the land on which
the Greenwood district sat.
The Ku Klux Klan
made its presence known.
The media fanned
the flames of racial discord.
And, of course, systemic racism
continued unchecked.
On 31 May,
thousands of armed white men,
some deputized
by local law enforcement,
invaded the Greenwood district
and savaged Tulsa’s
burgeoning black community.
They gunned people down
and set fires
throughout the district.
Planes,
likely privately owned,
dropped incendiary devices
on the Greenwood district.
In less than 24 hours,
a white mob
reduced a vibrant,
35-block area
to rubble and dead bodies.
Hundreds of people,
as many as 300, died,
with many others injured.
Most were black.
Some African Americans
fled Tulsa, never to return.
Property damage,
conservatively estimated,
ranged from $1.5m to $2m,
well over $25m in present value.
The massacre
depleted black wealth
to an inestimable degree.
Black prosperity
slowly returned,
peaking in the 1940s,
but was hobbled
by insurance redlining,
discrimination,
and the challenges
that accompanied integration
and “urban renewal”.
- Guardian, June 19, 2020
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/19/
tulsa-1921-massacre-trump-violence-legacy
A white mob rampaged
through a wealthy
black business district
in Tulsa, Okla., in 1921,
in a spate of violence
that destroyed
more than 1,200 homes
and left up to 300 people dead.
- NYT, October 4, 2018
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/04/
us/mass-graves-tulsa-race-massacre.html
Police
are still investigating (in 2012)
whether the weekend
shooting spree in Tulsa,
Okla.,
was racially motivated.
A massive riot there in 1921
left about
three dozen people dead.
- NPR, April 10, 2012
https://www.npr.org/2012/04/10/
150335245/history-of-tulsas-race-riot
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/
tulsa-race-massacre
https://www.okhistory.org/research/forms/freport.pdf
https://www.npr.org/2023/10/10/
1204877931/hughes-van-ellis-tulsa-race-massacre-dies
https://www.npr.org/2023/07/10/
1186848849/ruling-raises-another-hurdle-
for-tulsa-race-massacre-victims-seeking-reparations
https://www.npr.org/2023/07/09/
1186690457/tulsa-race-massacre-reparations-lawsuit
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jun/25/
tulsa-race-massacre-survivors-congress-justice-reparations
https://www.npr.org/2023/06/10/
1181344361/tulsa-race-massacre-goodwin-luckerson-book-
built-from-the-fire
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/may/31/
tulsa-race-massacre-greenwood-black-wall-street-history
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/26/
headway/how-greenwood-grew-a-thriving-black-economy.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/23/
books/review/built-from-the-fire-victor-luckerson.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/15/
us/tulsa-race-massacre-murders-dna.html
https://www.npr.org/2023/04/12/
1169464890/tulsa-race-massacre-dna-sequencing-mass-graves
https://www.npr.org/2022/12/11/
1137090651/elaine-massacre-tulsa-race-riot
https://www.npr.org/2022/11/02/
1133461415/tulsa-race-massacre-unmarked-graves-discovered
https://www.npr.org/2022/10/26
/1131536970/exhumations-to-resume-
in-a-bid-to-identify-tulsa-race-massacre-victims
https://www.npr.org/2022/05/04/
1096582626/a-lawsuit-by-survivors-of-the-tulsa-race-massacre-can-proceed-
a-judge-rules
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jul/31/
bodies-tulsa-race-massacre-oklahoma-reinterred
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/jul/08/
i-work-with-the-dead-but-this-can-help-the-living-
the-anthropologist-investigating-the-tulsa-race-massacre
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/09/
us/tulsa-burial-race-massacre.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/04/
opinion/tom-hanks-tulsa-race-massacre-history.html
https://www.npr.org/2021/06/01/
1001380354/biden-to-visit-tulsa-to-mark-the-1921-race-massacre-
that-wrecked-black-wall-stre
https://www.npr.org/2021/06/01/
1002080611/nyc-gallery-hosting-
a-tulsa-race-massacre-exhibition-was-vandalized-with-white-p
https://www.npr.org/2021/06/01/
1001380354/biden-to-visit-tulsa-to-mark-the-1921-race-massacre-
that-wrecked-black-wall-stre
https://www.npr.org/2021/05/31/
1001855753/how-tulsa-riots-shaped-todays-most-successful-black-ceos
https://www.npr.org/2021/05/31/
1000215563/artists-black-wall-street-project-
is-about-tulsa-100-years-ago-and-today
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/31/
opinion/tulsa-race-massacre-teaching-history.html
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/gallery/2021/may/31/
1921-tulsa-race-massacre-remembered-in-pictures
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/may/31/
tulsa-massacre-descendants-callout-stories
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/may/31/
tulsa-race-massacre-at-100-act-of-terrorism
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/video/2021/may/31/
an-act-of-terrorism-america-tried-to-forget-360-video
https://www.npr.org/2021/05/30/
1000923192/3-documentaries-you-should-watch-
about-the-tulsa-race-massacre
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/30/
insider/greenwood-tulsa-massacre-3d.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/30/
arts/television/tulsa-race-massacre-documentaries.html
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/may/30/
tulsa-race-massacre-scott-ellsworth-historian
https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2021/05/29/
1000351028/in-both-fact-and-fiction-
the-truth-of-tulsa-is-hard-to-stomach
https://www.gocomics.com/stevebenson/2021/05/29
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/28/
us/tulsa-race-massacre-commission.html
https://www.npr.org/2021/05/28/
994616024/in-the-wake-of-the-tulsa-race-massacres-centennial-
a-communal-hip-hop-album-emer
https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2021/05/27/
1000983483/code-switchs-recommended-tulsa-reads
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/26/
books/review-ground-breaking-tulsa-massacre-scott-ellsworth.html
https://www.npr.org/2021/05/25/
1000118546/tulsa-100-years-later
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/25/
magazine/tulsa-race-massacre-1921-greenwood.html
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/05/24/
us/tulsa-race-massacre.html
https://www.npr.org/2021/05/24/
998683497/a-century-after-the-race-massacre-tulsa-confronts-its-bloody-past
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/20/
us/tulsa-massacre-survivors.html
https://www.npr.org/2021/05/19/
998225207/survivors-of-1921-tulsa-race-massacre-share-eyewitness-accounts
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/14/
us/Oklahoma-critical-race-theory-Tulsa-massacre.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/07/
arts/television/review-tulsa-massacre-remembered.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/26/
opinion/tulsa-race-massacre-mass-grave.html
https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/09/03/
909151983/oklahoma-lawsuit-seeks-reparations-
in-connection-to-1921-tulsa-massacre
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/17/
us/tulsa-massacre-mass-graves.html
https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/07/14/
890785747/excavation-begins-
for-possible-mass-grave-from-1921-tulsa-race-massacre
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/13/
us/tulsa-massacre-graves-excavation.html
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=Jdps9MiVKqA
- video - NYT - 22 June 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/19/
opinion/tulsa-race-riot-massacre-graves.html
https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2020/jun/19/
why-is-trumps-comeback-rally-in-tulsa-the-site-of-a-massacre
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/18/
opinion/tulsa-race-massacre-racism.html
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/18/
trumps-visit-tulsa-sp
https://www.npr.org/2020/02/28/
809759133/before-making-military-history-
she-witnessed-one-of-historys-worst-race-riots
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/11/
opinion/tulsa-race-massacre.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/05/
us/tulsa-race-massacre-mass-grave.htm
https://www.npr.org/2019/12/17/
789015343/new-research-identifies-
possible-mass-graves-from1921-tulsa-race-massacre
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/23/
obituaries/olivia-hooker-dead.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/04/
us/mass-graves-tulsa-race-massacre.html
https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2018/05/31/
615546965/meet-the-last-surviving-witness-
to-the-tulsa-race-riot-of-1921
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/24/
us/tulsa-police-shooting-reaction.html
http://www.npr.org/2012/04/10/
150335245/history-of-tulsas-race-riot
https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/
us/20tulsa.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1921/06/02/
archives/85-whites-and-negroes-die-in-tulsa-riots-
as-3000-armed-men-battle.html
Related > Anglonautes > History > USA >
20th century
Civil rights
Related > Anglonautes > History > America, USA
>
17th - 20th century
17th, 18th, 19th, 20th century
English America, America, USA
Racism,
Slavery,
Abolition, Civil war,
Abraham Lincoln,
Reconstruction
17th, 18th, 19th century
English America, America, USA
Related > Anglonautes > History > UK
United Kingdom > Slavery
Related > Anglonautes > Arts > Books
> USA
Toni Morrison USA 1931-2019
Nelle Harper Lee 1926-2016
Amiri Baraka USA 1934-2014
Ralph
Waldo Ellison USA 1913-1994
James Arthur Baldwin 1924-1987
Related > Anglonautes > Arts > Music > USA > Foik /
Rock
Joan Baez
Bob Dylan
Guy Hughes Carawan Jr. 1927-2015
Pete Seeger 1919-2014
Woody Guthrie 1912-1967
Related > Anglonautes >
Arts > Music > USA
urban
music, rap, hip-hop
soul
jazz
jazz > Nina Simone 1933-2003
blues
Related > Anglonautes > Arts > Movies
Sidney Poitier 1927-2022
Anglonautes >
Arts >
Photographers
>
20th century > USA > Civil rights
Jeffrey Henson Scales
Doy Gorton
Danny Lyon
Doris
Derby 1939-2022
Steve Schapiro 1934-2022
Fred Baldwin 1929-2021
Matt Herron 1931-2020
Don Hogan Charles 1938-2017
Robert Adelman 1930-2016
Ernest C. Withers 1922-2007
Leonard Freed 1929-2006
Gordon Parks 1912-2006
James "Spider" Martin 1939-2003
Grey Villet 1927-2000
Ed Clark 1911-2000
Ralph Waldo Ellison USA 1913-1994
Robert W. Kelley 1920-1991
Weegee 1899-1968
Related >
Anglonautes >
Vocapedia
> USA
slavery, racism > lynchings - warning: graphic
race relations > African-Americans
slavery,
eugenics,
race relations,
racial divide, racism,
segregation, civil rights,
apartheid
time > day > state holiday > Juneteenth
on 19 June 1865
enslaved African-Americans in Galveston, Texas,
were told they were free
boxing > Muhammad Ali
1942-2016
U.S. Constitution >
High Court / U.S. Supreme Court
Justices > Thurgood Marshall 1908-1993
politics
/ legislation > U.S. Congress >
Senate > Filibuster
violence, abuse, prostitution,
sexual violence, rape, harassment,
kidnapping, crime, police,
arrest, investigation, custody,
police misconduct / brutality / violence
police
brutality
George Floyd - 1973-25 May 2020
gun violence
Ahmaud Arbery shooting
- 23 February 2020
police brutality
USA > Sandra Bland 1987-2015
police brutality
Freddie Carlos Gray, Jr. 1989-2015
police brutality
USA > Eric Garner 1970-2014
gun violence > police shootings > USA
UK, USA > unrest, riots
painting > street art > graffiti, murals
hate, hatred, bigotry
Beliefs, Emotions, Feelings, Mindset, Mood
| 
