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History > America, English America, USA

 

17th-20th century > English America, America, USA

Slavery, Lynchings, Abolitionists, Civil War, Reconstruction

 

19th century > USA > End to slavery

 

Abraham Lincoln / "Honest Abe" (1809-1865)

 

16th President of the United States    1861-1865

 

 

 

 

Abraham Lincoln,

16th president of The United States.

Source

http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3a53289

Date: 1863 Nov. 8

Author: Alexander Gardner (1821-1882)

Wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The melancholy Abraham Lincoln

 

Photograph: Library of Congress

 

Searching for the Real Abraham Lincoln

NYT

Published Sept. 29, 2020

Updated Oct. 1, 2020

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/29/
books/review/abe-david-s-reynolds.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

July 7, 1865

 

Execution of the Conspirators

 

On July 7, 1865,

four people were hanged

in Washington, D.C.,

for conspiring

with John Wilkes Booth

to assassinate

President Abraham Lincoln.

http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2014/07/07/us/ap-history.html

 

 

 

 

Execution of the four persons condemned as conspirators

(Mary E. Surratt, Lewis T. Powell, David E. Herold, and George A. Atzerodt),

July 7,1865.

 

Photographed by Alexander Gardner.

111-BA-2034.

NARA > LINCOLN'S ASSASSINATION

http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-201.jpg
http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/index.html#lincoln

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

https://www.loc.gov/collections/abraham-lincoln-papers/
about-this-collection/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

John Wilkes Booth    1838-1865

 

President Lincoln's killer

 

 

Contrary

to what many believe,

Booth

was not a madman,

according to Alford.

 

In fact,

he was politically

motivated

to assassinate

Lincoln.

 

"John Wilkes Booth

was one of those people

who thought

the best country

in the history

of the world was

the United States

as it existed

before the Civil War,"

Alford says.

 

"And then

when Lincoln came along,

he was changing

that in fundamental ways."

 

Those ideological differences

include increasing the power

of the federal government

and emancipating the slaves,

both things Booth

was vehemently against.

 

He was angered

that the government

instituted

an income tax

and the military draft,

and that the government

occasionally suspended

habeas corpus,

a legal protection against

unlawful imprisonment.

 

All these things,

Alford says,

agitated Booth.

http://www.npr.org/2015/04/15/
399579416/historian-john-wilkes-booth-not-a-deranged-lone-madman

 

 

http://www.npr.org/2015/04/15/
399579416/historian-john-wilkes-booth-not-a-deranged-lone-madman

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Our nation’s martyr:

The death of President Lincoln

in Washington on April 15, 1865.

 

Photograph:

Lithograph From Currier & Ives,

via Library of Congress

 

‘Mourning Lincoln’ and ‘Lincoln’s Body’

NYT

FEB. 4, 2015

https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/08/
books/review/mourning-lincoln-and-lincolns-body.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The National News, 14 April 1865.

 

Photograph: Reuters

 

Every Drop of Blood review:

how Lincoln's Second Inaugural bound America's wounds

G

Sat 18 Apr 2020    07.00 BST

Last modified on Sat 18 Apr 2020    08.36 BST

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/apr/18/
every-drop-of-blood-review-lincoln-second-inaugural

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

On the evening

of April 14, 1865,

while attending

a special performance

of the comedy,

"Our American Cousin,"

President Abraham Lincoln

was shot.

 

Accompanying him

at Ford's Theater

that night

were his wife,

Mary Todd Lincoln,

a twenty-eight

year-old officer

named Major

Henry R. Rathbone,

and Rathbone's fiancee,

Clara Harris.

 

After the play

was in progress,

a figure with a drawn

derringer pistol

stepped into

the presidential box,

aimed, and fired.

 

The president

slumped forward.

 

The assassin,

John Wilkes Booth,

dropped the pistol

and waved a dagger.

 

Rathbone

lunged at him,

and though slashed

in the arm,

forced the killer

to the railing.

 

Booth leapt

from the balcony

and caught

the spur

of his left boot

on a flag draped

over the rail,

and shattered

a bone in his leg

on landing.

 

Though injured,

he rushed out

the back door,

and disappeared

into the night

on horseback.

 

A doctor

in the audience

immediately

went upstairs

to the box.

 

The bullet

had entered

through

Lincoln's left ear

and lodged

behind

his right eye.

 

He was paralyzed

and barely breathing.

 

He was carried

across Tenth Street,

to a boarding-house

opposite the theater,

but the doctors'

best efforts failed.

 

Nine hours later,

at 7:22 AM on April 15th,

Lincoln died.

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/alhtml/alrintr.html

 

 

https://www.loc.gov/collections/abraham-lincoln-papers/
about-this-collection/

 

 

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/04/15/
399813809/documents-show-global-outpouring-of-grief-over-lincolns-assassination

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/04/14/what-lincoln-left-behind/

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/08/
books/review/mourning-lincoln-and-lincolns-body.html

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/1865/04/17/
news/the-effect-of-president-lincoln-s-death-on-national-affairs.html

http://www.nytimes.com/1865/04/15/
news/president-lincoln-shot-assassin-deed-done-ford-s-theatre-last-night-act.html

http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/browser/1865/04/15/P1

http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0414.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assassination of Abraham Lincoln:

 

Selected Images

from the Collections

of the Library of Congress

 

 

https://guides.loc.gov/abraham-lincoln-photos 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)

 

16th President of the United States    1861-1865

 

 

 

Abraham Lincoln with his son Tad.

 

Photograph:

Alexander Gardner, via Library of Congress

 

Remains from Lincoln’s Last Day

NYT

APRIL 10, 2015

https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/10/
opinion/remains-from-lincolns-last-day.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abraham Lincoln and his second son Thomas (Tad),

photographed on 5 February 1865.

 

Photograph: Alexander Gardner

 

Early American photography – in pictures

G

Friday 2 March 2018

https://www.theguardian.com/culture/gallery/2018/mar/02/
early-american-photography-in-pictures

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/abraham-lincoln

https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002713085/ 

https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/gettysburg-address/

https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=13

 

 

https://www.npr.org/2020/12/29/
951206414/statue-of-lincoln-with-freed-slave-at-his-feet-is-removed-in-boston

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/29/
books/review/abe-david-s-reynolds.html

 

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/apr/18/
every-drop-of-blood-review-lincoln-second-inaugural

 

https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/apr/11/
abraham-lincoln-verge-book-ted-widmer-interview

 

 

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/06/
books/review/six-encounters-with-lincoln-elizabeth-brown-pryor.html

 

 

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/20/
opinion/campaign-stops/the-man-the-founders-feared.html

 

 

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/04/
opinion/what-did-lincoln-really-think-of-jefferson.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/us/
politics/abraham-lincoln-the-one-president-all-of-them-want-to-be-more-like.html

 

http://www.npr.org/blogs/npr-history-dept/2015/04/14/
399495324/lincolns-private-side-friend-poet-jokester

 

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/04/14/
what-lincoln-left-behind/

 

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/04/13/
lincoln-on-stage/

 

http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/bigpicture/2015/04/10/
memories-abraham-lincoln/

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/10/
opinion/remains-from-lincolns-last-day.html

 

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/04/07/
lincolns-triumphant-visit-to-richmond/

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/30/
arts/design/yales-beinecke-library-buys-vast-collection-of-lincoln-photos.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/20/
arts/design/lincoln-and-the-jews-explores-bonds-with-a-nations-growing-minority.html

 

 

 

 

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/11/07/
how-lincoln-won-the-soldier-vote/

 

http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/17/
277059262/what-honest-abes-appetite-tells-us-about-his-life

 

 

 

 

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/04/the-interminable-everlasting-lincolns-part-3/

 

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/03/the-interminable-everlasting-lincolns-part-2/

 

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/01/the-interminable-everlasting-lincolns-prologue/

 

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/08/01/a-mothers-letter-to-lincoln/

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/17/books/review/lincolns-tragic-pragmatism-by-john-burt.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/01/opinion/the-emancipation-of-abe-lincoln.html

 

 

 

 

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/04/lincoln-colonization-and-the-sound-of-silence/

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/29/steven-spielberg-historian/

http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/11/24/opinion/20101125_LincolnBeard.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/23/us/lecompton-kansas-promotes-role-in-lincolns-rise.html

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/20/lincoln-in-july/

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/04/us/richard-n-current-civil-war-historian-dies-at-100.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/03/04/opinion/20110304_Lincoln_Inauguration.html

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/03/03/lincoln-addresses-the-nation/

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/15/bayonets-in-buffalo/

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/02/10/opinion/20110211_Lincoln_Train.html

 

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/24/lincoln-a-beard-is-born/

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/23/the-sound-of-lincolns-silence/

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/22/lincoln-speaks/

http://www.npr.org/2010/10/11/
130489804/lincolns-evolving-thoughts-on-slavery-and-freedom

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/09/arts/design/09lincoln.html

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/12/lincolns-mailbag/

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/10/how-and-where-lincoln-won/

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/07/lincoln-wins-now-what/

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/05/hearing-the-returns-with-mr-lincoln/

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/05/a-lincoln-photograph-and-a-mystery/

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/10/30/will-lincoln-prevail/

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/19/opinion/19gates.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/14/arts/design/14linc.html

 

http://documents.nytimes.com/walt-whitman-and-abraham-lincoln

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1865

 

Slavery is abolished

 

AMENDMENT XIII

 

Passed by Congress

January 31, 1865.

 

Ratified

December 6, 1865.

 



Section 1.

 

Neither slavery

nor involuntary servitude,

except as a punishment for crime

whereof the party

shall have been duly convicted,

shall exist within the United States,

or any place subject

to their jurisdiction.

 

 

Section 2.

 

Congress shall have power to enforce

this article by appropriate legislation.

http://www.archives.gov/
national_archives_experience/charters/constitution_amendments_11-27.html
- broken URL

 

 

https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Civil War

 

November 19, 1863

 

Gettysburg address

 

 

At the end

of the Battle of Gettysburg,

more than 51,000

Confederate and Union soldiers

were wounded, missing, or dead.

 

Many of those who died

were laid

in makeshift graves

along the battlefield.

 

Pennsylvania Governor

Andrew Curtin

commissioned David Wills,

an attorney,

to purchase land

for a proper burial site

for the deceased

Union soldiers.

 

Wills acquired 17 acres

for the cemetery,

which was planned

and designed

by landscape architect

William Saunders.

 

The cemetery

was dedicated

on November 19, 1863.

 

The main speaker

for the event

was Edward Everett,

one of the nation’s

foremost orators.

 

President Lincoln

was also invited to speak

“as Chief Executive

of the nation,

formally [to] set apart

these grounds

to their sacred use

by a few appropriate

remarks.”

 

At the ceremony,

Everett spoke

for more than 2 hours;

Lincoln spoke

for 2 minutes.

 

President Lincoln

had given

his brief speech

a lot of thought.

 

He saw meaning

in the fact

that the Union victory

at Gettysburg

coincided

with the nation’s

birthday;

 

but rather than focus

on the specific battle

in his remarks,

he wanted to present

a broad statement

about the larger

significance of the war.

 

He invoked

the Declaration

of Independence,

and its principles

of liberty and equality,

and he spoke of

“a new birth of freedom”

for the nation.

 

In his brief address,

he continued to reshape

the aims of the war

for the American people

—transforming it

from a war for Union

to a war

for Union and freedom.

 

Although Lincoln

expressed

disappointment

in the speech initially,

it has come

to be regarded as one

of the most elegant

and eloquent speeches

in U.S. history.

http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=36

 

 

https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=36 

https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=36&page=transcript 

 

 

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/17/lincolns-sound-bite-have-faith-in-democracy/

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/18/opinion/lincoln-at-gettysburg-long-ago.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

January 1, 1863

 

Abraham Lincoln

 

The Emancipation Proclamation

 

 

The Emancipation Proclamation,

which Abraham Lincoln

signed on Jan. 1, 1863,

was primarily a military tool.

 

When he issued it

in preliminary form

in September 1862,

it was meant to be

a warning to the South:

give up,

or your slaves

will be set free.

 

And, once in place,

emancipation did just

what Lincoln wanted

— it drew untold

thousands

of freed slaves

to the advancing

Union armies,

depleting

the Southern work force

and providing the North

with much-needed

cheap labor.

 

But it also created

an immense

humanitarian crisis

in which hundreds

of thousands

of former slaves

died from disease,

malnutrition

and poverty.

 

Emancipation did,

of course,

free the slaves

in the Confederacy.

 

But Lincoln

can no longer

be portrayed

as the hero

in this story.

 

Despite his efforts

to end slavery,

his emancipation policies

failed to consider

the human cost

of liberation.

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/05/dying-for-freedom/

 

 

https://www.loc.gov/collections/abraham-lincoln-papers/about-this-collection/ 

https://www.archives.gov/exhibits

 

 

http://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/20/images-of-emancipation/

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/05/dying-for-freedom/

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/01/opinion/how-many-slaves-work-for-you.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/01/opinion/the-emancipation-of-abe-lincoln.html

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/31/
abraham-lincoln-and-the-emancipation-proclamation/

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/27/emancipation-in-indiana/

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/21/lincolns-great-gamble/

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/21/freedom-and-restraint/

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/19/emancipations-price/

http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/05/
lincolns-draft-of-emancipation-proclamation-coming-to-schomburg-center-in-harlem/

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/16/lincolns-panama-plan/

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/23/lincolns-plan-emerges/

http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/27/
copy-of-emancipation-proclamation-sells-for-nearly-2-1-million/

 

 

http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/20/lincoln-in-july/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

September 23, 1862

 

Abraham Lincoln

 

End to slavery

 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/news/1862/oct/06/
mainsection.fromthearchive

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/1862/oct/05/
usa.fromthearchive  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

April 16, 1862

 

President Abraham Lincoln

signs a bill ending slavery

in the District of Columbia

 

 

https://www.archives.gov/exhibits

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1860

 

Abraham Lincoln

is elected to the presidency

 

 

https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/slavery/timeline/1860.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In 1838,

as a 28-year-old

state legislator,

Abraham Lincoln

delivered an address

at the Young Men’s

Lyceum

of Springfield, Ill.

 

The speech was given

in the aftermath

of the lynching

of a mixed-race boatman

and the killing

of an abolitionist

newspaper editor.

 

Lincoln warned

that a “mobocratic spirit”

and “wild and furious passions”

posed a threat

to republican institutions.

 

He also

alerted people

to the danger

of individuals

— “an Alexander,

a Caesar

or a Napoleon?” —

who, in their search

for glory and power,

might pose a threat

to American

self-government.

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/20/opinion/campaign-stops/the-man-the-founders-feared.html

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/20/
opinion/campaign-stops/the-man-the-founders-feared.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Related > Anglonautes > History / Historical documents

 

20th century > USA > Civil rights

 

 

17th, 18th, 19th, 20th century

English America, America, USA

Racism, Slavery,

Abolition, Civil war,

Abraham Lincoln

 

 

17th, 18th, 19th century

English America, America, USA

 

 

19th century > USA > Emancipation Proclamation - 1863

 

 

United Kingdom > Slavery

 

 

 

 

 

Related > Anglonautes > Vocapedia

 

slavery, eugenics,

race relations, racism, civil rights,

apartheid

 

 

 

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