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History >
America, English America, USA
17th-20th century > English America,
America, USA
Slavery, Lynchings, Abolitionists, Civil War,
Reconstruction
19th century > USA > End to slavery
Abraham
Lincoln / "Honest Abe" (1809-1865)
16th President of the United States 1861-1865

Abraham Lincoln,
16th president of The United
States.
Source
http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3a53289
Date: 1863 Nov. 8
Author: Alexander Gardner (1821-1882)
Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Abraham_Lincoln_head_on_shoulders_photo_portrait.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln

The melancholy Abraham Lincoln
Photograph: Library of Congress
Searching for the Real Abraham Lincoln
NYT
Published Sept. 29, 2020
Updated Oct. 1, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/29/
books/review/abe-david-s-reynolds.html
July 7, 1865
Execution of the Conspirators
On July 7, 1865,
four people were hanged
in Washington, D.C.,
for conspiring
with John Wilkes Booth
to assassinate
President Abraham Lincoln.
http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2014/07/07/us/ap-history.html

Execution of the four persons condemned as conspirators
(Mary E. Surratt, Lewis T. Powell, David E. Herold, and George A. Atzerodt),
July 7,1865.
Photographed by Alexander Gardner.
111-BA-2034.
NARA > LINCOLN'S ASSASSINATION
http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-201.jpg
http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/index.html#lincoln
https://www.loc.gov/collections/abraham-lincoln-papers/
about-this-collection/
John Wilkes Booth 1838-1865
President Lincoln's killer
Contrary
to what many believe,
Booth
was not a madman,
according to Alford.
In fact,
he was politically
motivated
to
assassinate
Lincoln.
"John Wilkes Booth
was one of those people
who
thought
the best country
in the history
of the world was
the United States
as it existed
before the
Civil War,"
Alford says.
"And then
when Lincoln came along,
he was changing
that in fundamental ways."
Those ideological differences
include increasing the power
of the federal government
and emancipating the slaves,
both things Booth
was vehemently against.
He was angered
that the government
instituted
an income tax
and the military draft,
and that the government
occasionally suspended
habeas corpus,
a legal protection against
unlawful
imprisonment.
All these things,
Alford says,
agitated Booth.
http://www.npr.org/2015/04/15/
399579416/historian-john-wilkes-booth-not-a-deranged-lone-madman
http://www.npr.org/2015/04/15/
399579416/historian-john-wilkes-booth-not-a-deranged-lone-madman

Our nation’s martyr:
The death of President Lincoln
in
Washington on April 15, 1865.
Photograph:
Lithograph From Currier & Ives,
via Library of Congress
‘Mourning Lincoln’ and ‘Lincoln’s Body’
NYT
FEB. 4, 2015
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/08/
books/review/mourning-lincoln-and-lincolns-body.html

The National News, 14 April 1865.
Photograph: Reuters
Every Drop of Blood review:
how Lincoln's Second Inaugural bound America's wounds
G
Sat 18 Apr 2020 07.00 BST
Last modified on Sat 18 Apr 2020 08.36 BST
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/apr/18/
every-drop-of-blood-review-lincoln-second-inaugural
On the evening
of April 14, 1865,
while attending
a special performance
of the comedy,
"Our American Cousin,"
President Abraham Lincoln
was shot.
Accompanying him
at Ford's Theater
that night
were his wife,
Mary Todd Lincoln,
a twenty-eight
year-old officer
named Major
Henry R. Rathbone,
and Rathbone's fiancee,
Clara Harris.
After the play
was in progress,
a figure
with a drawn
derringer pistol
stepped into
the presidential box,
aimed, and fired.
The president
slumped forward.
The assassin,
John Wilkes Booth,
dropped the pistol
and waved a dagger.
Rathbone
lunged at him,
and though slashed
in the arm,
forced the killer
to the railing.
Booth
leapt
from the balcony
and caught
the spur
of his left boot
on a flag draped
over the rail,
and shattered
a bone in his leg
on landing.
Though injured,
he rushed out
the back door,
and disappeared
into the night
on horseback.
A doctor
in the audience
immediately
went upstairs
to the box.
The bullet
had entered
through
Lincoln's left ear
and lodged
behind
his right eye.
He was paralyzed
and barely breathing.
He was carried
across Tenth Street,
to a boarding-house
opposite the theater,
but the doctors'
best efforts failed.
Nine hours later,
at 7:22 AM on April 15th,
Lincoln died.
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/alhtml/alrintr.html
https://www.loc.gov/collections/abraham-lincoln-papers/
about-this-collection/
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/04/15/
399813809/documents-show-global-outpouring-of-grief-over-lincolns-assassination
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/04/14/what-lincoln-left-behind/
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/08/
books/review/mourning-lincoln-and-lincolns-body.html
http://www.nytimes.com/1865/04/17/
news/the-effect-of-president-lincoln-s-death-on-national-affairs.html
http://www.nytimes.com/1865/04/15/
news/president-lincoln-shot-assassin-deed-done-ford-s-theatre-last-night-act.html
http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/browser/1865/04/15/P1
http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0414.html
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln:
Selected Images
from the Collections
of the Library of Congress
https://guides.loc.gov/abraham-lincoln-photos
Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)
16th President of the United States 1861-1865

Abraham Lincoln with his son Tad.
Photograph:
Alexander Gardner, via Library of Congress
Remains from Lincoln’s Last Day
NYT
APRIL 10, 2015
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/10/
opinion/remains-from-lincolns-last-day.html

Abraham Lincoln and his second son Thomas (Tad),
photographed on 5 February 1865.
Photograph: Alexander Gardner
Early American photography – in pictures
G
Friday 2 March
2018
https://www.theguardian.com/culture/gallery/2018/mar/02/
early-american-photography-in-pictures
https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/abraham-lincoln
https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002713085/
https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/gettysburg-address/
https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/eyewitness/html.php?section=13
https://www.npr.org/2020/12/29/
951206414/statue-of-lincoln-with-freed-slave-at-his-feet-is-removed-in-boston
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/29/
books/review/abe-david-s-reynolds.html
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/apr/18/
every-drop-of-blood-review-lincoln-second-inaugural
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/apr/11/
abraham-lincoln-verge-book-ted-widmer-interview
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/06/
books/review/six-encounters-with-lincoln-elizabeth-brown-pryor.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/20/
opinion/campaign-stops/the-man-the-founders-feared.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/04/
opinion/what-did-lincoln-really-think-of-jefferson.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/us/
politics/abraham-lincoln-the-one-president-all-of-them-want-to-be-more-like.html
http://www.npr.org/blogs/npr-history-dept/2015/04/14/
399495324/lincolns-private-side-friend-poet-jokester
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/04/14/
what-lincoln-left-behind/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/04/13/
lincoln-on-stage/
http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/bigpicture/2015/04/10/
memories-abraham-lincoln/
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/10/
opinion/remains-from-lincolns-last-day.html
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/04/07/
lincolns-triumphant-visit-to-richmond/
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/30/
arts/design/yales-beinecke-library-buys-vast-collection-of-lincoln-photos.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/20/
arts/design/lincoln-and-the-jews-explores-bonds-with-a-nations-growing-minority.html
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/11/07/
how-lincoln-won-the-soldier-vote/
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/02/17/
277059262/what-honest-abes-appetite-tells-us-about-his-life
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/04/the-interminable-everlasting-lincolns-part-3/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/03/the-interminable-everlasting-lincolns-part-2/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/01/the-interminable-everlasting-lincolns-prologue/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/08/01/a-mothers-letter-to-lincoln/
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/17/books/review/lincolns-tragic-pragmatism-by-john-burt.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/01/opinion/the-emancipation-of-abe-lincoln.html
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/04/lincoln-colonization-and-the-sound-of-silence/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/29/steven-spielberg-historian/
http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/11/24/opinion/20101125_LincolnBeard.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/23/us/lecompton-kansas-promotes-role-in-lincolns-rise.html
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/20/lincoln-in-july/
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/04/us/richard-n-current-civil-war-historian-dies-at-100.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/03/04/opinion/20110304_Lincoln_Inauguration.html
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/03/03/lincoln-addresses-the-nation/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/15/bayonets-in-buffalo/
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/02/10/opinion/20110211_Lincoln_Train.html
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/24/lincoln-a-beard-is-born/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/23/the-sound-of-lincolns-silence/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/22/lincoln-speaks/
http://www.npr.org/2010/10/11/
130489804/lincolns-evolving-thoughts-on-slavery-and-freedom
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/09/arts/design/09lincoln.html
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/12/lincolns-mailbag/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/10/how-and-where-lincoln-won/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/07/lincoln-wins-now-what/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/05/hearing-the-returns-with-mr-lincoln/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/05/a-lincoln-photograph-and-a-mystery/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/10/30/will-lincoln-prevail/
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/19/opinion/19gates.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/14/arts/design/14linc.html
http://documents.nytimes.com/walt-whitman-and-abraham-lincoln
1865
Slavery is abolished
AMENDMENT XIII
Passed by Congress
January 31, 1865.
Ratified
December 6, 1865.
Section 1.
Neither slavery
nor involuntary servitude,
except as a punishment for crime
whereof the party
shall have been duly convicted,
shall exist within the United
States,
or any place subject
to their jurisdiction.
Section 2.
Congress shall have power to enforce
this article by appropriate legislation.
http://www.archives.gov/
national_archives_experience/charters/constitution_amendments_11-27.html
- broken URL
https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs
Civil War
November 19, 1863
Gettysburg address
At the end
of the Battle of
Gettysburg,
more than 51,000
Confederate
and Union soldiers
were wounded, missing, or
dead.
Many of those who died
were
laid
in makeshift graves
along
the battlefield.
Pennsylvania Governor
Andrew
Curtin
commissioned David Wills,
an
attorney,
to purchase land
for a
proper burial site
for the deceased
Union
soldiers.
Wills acquired 17 acres
for
the cemetery,
which was planned
and
designed
by landscape architect
William Saunders.
The cemetery
was dedicated
on November 19, 1863.
The main speaker
for the
event
was Edward Everett,
one of the nation’s
foremost
orators.
President Lincoln
was also
invited to speak
“as Chief Executive
of the
nation,
formally [to] set apart
these grounds
to their sacred use
by a few appropriate
remarks.”
At the ceremony,
Everett
spoke
for more than 2 hours;
Lincoln spoke
for 2 minutes.
President Lincoln
had given
his brief speech
a lot of thought.
He saw meaning
in the fact
that the Union victory
at Gettysburg
coincided
with the nation’s
birthday;
but rather than focus
on the
specific battle
in his remarks,
he wanted to present
a broad
statement
about the larger
significance of the war.
He invoked
the Declaration
of Independence,
and its principles
of
liberty and equality,
and he spoke of
“a new birth
of freedom”
for the nation.
In his brief address,
he continued to reshape
the
aims of the war
for the American people
—transforming it
from a war
for Union
to a war
for Union and freedom.
Although Lincoln
expressed
disappointment
in the speech initially,
it has come
to be regarded as one
of the most elegant
and eloquent speeches
in U.S. history.
http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=36
https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=36
https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=36&page=transcript
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/17/lincolns-sound-bite-have-faith-in-democracy/
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/18/opinion/lincoln-at-gettysburg-long-ago.html
January 1, 1863
Abraham Lincoln
The Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation,
which Abraham Lincoln
signed on Jan. 1, 1863,
was primarily a military tool.
When he issued it
in preliminary form
in
September 1862,
it was meant to be
a warning to the South:
give up,
or your slaves
will be set free.
And, once in place,
emancipation did just
what
Lincoln wanted
— it drew untold
thousands
of freed slaves
to
the advancing
Union armies,
depleting
the Southern work force
and providing the North
with much-needed
cheap
labor.
But it also created
an immense
humanitarian
crisis
in which hundreds
of thousands
of former
slaves
died from disease,
malnutrition
and poverty.
Emancipation did,
of course,
free the slaves
in the Confederacy.
But Lincoln
can no longer
be portrayed
as the
hero
in this story.
Despite his efforts
to end slavery,
his emancipation policies
failed to consider
the human cost
of
liberation.
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/05/dying-for-freedom/
https://www.loc.gov/collections/abraham-lincoln-papers/about-this-collection/
https://www.archives.gov/exhibits
http://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/20/images-of-emancipation/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/05/dying-for-freedom/
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/01/opinion/how-many-slaves-work-for-you.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/01/opinion/the-emancipation-of-abe-lincoln.html
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/31/
abraham-lincoln-and-the-emancipation-proclamation/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/27/emancipation-in-indiana/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/21/lincolns-great-gamble/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/21/freedom-and-restraint/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/19/emancipations-price/
http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/05/
lincolns-draft-of-emancipation-proclamation-coming-to-schomburg-center-in-harlem/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/16/lincolns-panama-plan/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/23/lincolns-plan-emerges/
http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/27/
copy-of-emancipation-proclamation-sells-for-nearly-2-1-million/
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/20/lincoln-in-july/
September 23, 1862
Abraham Lincoln
End to
slavery
https://www.theguardian.com/news/1862/oct/06/
mainsection.fromthearchive
https://www.theguardian.com/world/1862/oct/05/
usa.fromthearchive
April 16, 1862
President Abraham
Lincoln
signs a bill
ending slavery
in the District of Columbia
https://www.archives.gov/exhibits
1860
Abraham Lincoln
is elected to the presidency
https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/slavery/timeline/1860.html
In 1838,
as a 28-year-old
state legislator,
Abraham Lincoln
delivered an address
at the Young Men’s
Lyceum
of Springfield, Ill.
The speech was given
in the aftermath
of the lynching
of a mixed-race boatman
and the killing
of an abolitionist
newspaper
editor.
Lincoln warned
that a “mobocratic spirit”
and “wild and furious passions”
posed a threat
to republican institutions.
He also
alerted people
to the danger
of
individuals
— “an Alexander,
a Caesar
or a Napoleon?” —
who, in their search
for glory and power,
might pose a threat
to American
self-government.
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/20/opinion/campaign-stops/the-man-the-founders-feared.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/20/
opinion/campaign-stops/the-man-the-founders-feared.html
Related > Anglonautes > History /
Historical documents
20th century >
USA > Civil rights
17th, 18th, 19th, 20th century
English America, America, USA
Racism,
Slavery,
Abolition, Civil war,
Abraham Lincoln
17th, 18th, 19th century
English America, America, USA
19th
century > USA > Emancipation Proclamation -
1863
United Kingdom > Slavery
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