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History
> 20th, early 21st century > USA > Timeline
in pictures
Influenza / Spanish flu
pandemic 1918

Rail commuters wearing white protective masks,
one with the additional message “wear a mask or go to jail,”
during the 1918 influenza pandemic in California.
Photograph: Vintage Space/Alamy
The Mask Slackers of 1918
As the influenza pandemic swept across the United States
in
1918 and 1919,
masks took a role in political and cultural wars.
NYT
Aug. 3, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/03/
us/mask-protests-1918.html

Letter carrier in New York
wearing mask for protection against
influenza.
New York City,
October 16, 1918.
NARA
https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/influenza-epidemic/records-list.html
https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/influenza-epidemic/

A man handing out masks on the street
in San Francisco during the ‘Spanish’ flu pandemic, 1918.
Photograph:
Hamilton Henry Dobbin/California State Library/EPA
We forget that flu once plagued the economy as coronavirus
does today
The epidemic of 1918-21 is overshadowed by war and the Great
Depression.
But it holds lessons for us still
G
Sun 3 May 2020 07.00
BST
https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/may/03/
flu-once-plagued-economy-coronavirus-war-great-depression

A queue in San Francisco
during the Spanish flu epidemic, 1918.
Photograph:
Hamilton Henry Dobbin/California State Library/EPA
What the 1918 flu pandemic
can teach us about coronavirus drug trials
In times of crisis,
scientists have to make ethical decisions
about new treatments
– even if the evidence seems shaky
G
Sun 5 Apr 2020 14.00 BST
Last modified on Sun 5 Apr 2020 16.49 BST
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/apr/05/
1918-flu-pandemic-coronavirus-drug-trials-scientists-treatments-evidence

Workers at an information desk wearing masks
in San Francisco in 1918.
Photograph:
Hamilton Henry Dobbin, via California State Library
The Mask Slackers of 1918
As the influenza pandemic swept across the United States
in
1918 and 1919,
masks took a role in political and cultural wars.
NYT
Aug. 3, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/03/
us/mask-protests-1918.html

Seattle policemen wearing protective gauze face masks
during the influenza pandemic.
1918.
Photograph:
ime Life Pictures/National Archives,
via The LIFE Picture Collection, via Getty Images
Coronavirus Is Very Different From the Spanish Flu of 1918.
Here’s How.
The fear is similar, but the medical reality is not.
The New York Times
Published March 9, 2020
Updated March 11, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/09/
health/coronavirus-is-very-different-from-the-spanish-flu-of-1918-heres-how.html

St. Louis Red Cross Motor Corps workers and ambulances
waiting to receive influenza patients in 1918.
Photograph:
via Library of Congress, via Associated Press
The Single Most Important Lesson From the 1918 Influenza Containment
— the attempt to limit spread of a virus and even
eliminate it —
has failed.
The New York Times
March 17, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/
opinion/coronavirus-1918-spanish-flu.html

An anti-spitting sign posted on streetcar
in Philadelphia, October 1918.
Photograph:
Historical Medical Library of The College of Physicians of
Philadelphia
The Killer Virus of 1918: A Philadelphia Story
The brutal toll taken
by the flu that claimed 20,000 lives in the city
has not been forgotten
as Philadelphia braces
for the worst of the coronavirus pandemic.
The New York Times
April 4, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/04/
us/coronavirus-spanish-flu-philadelphia-pennsylvania.html

What New York Looked Like During the 1918 Flu Pandemic
The Spanish flu raced
through crowded tenements and
neighborhoods,
killing more than 20,000 New Yorkers.
But it could have been
much worse.
The New York Times
April 2, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/
nyregion/spanish-flu-nyc-virus.html

An image of a Red Cross nurse published in Illustrated Current
News. 1918.
Photograph:
National Library of Medicine
Coronavirus Is Very Different From the Spanish Flu of 1918.
Here’s How.
The fear is similar, but the medical reality is not.
The New York Times
Published March 9, 2020 Updated March 11, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/09/
health/coronavirus-is-very-different-from-the-spanish-flu-of-1918-heres-how.html

A flier published by the Chicago Department of Health.
Photograph
National Library of Medicine
Coronavirus Is Very Different From the Spanish Flu of 1918.
Here’s How.
The fear is similar, but the medical reality is not.
The New York Times
Published March 9, 2020 Updated March 11, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/09/
health/coronavirus-is-very-different-from-the-spanish-flu-of-1918-heres-how.html

At sign in the Philadelphia navy yard in 1918.
Photograph: Everett/REX/Shutterstock
Closed borders and ‘black weddings’:
what the 1918 flu teaches us about coronavirus
The Guardian
Wed 11 Mar 2020 06.00 GMT
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/11/
closed-borders-and-black-weddings-what-the-1918-flu-teaches-us-about-coronavirus

A young girl with her sick
sister in November 1918.
Photograph: Library of
Congress, via Associated Press
Holidays in a Pandemic? Here’s
What Happened in 1918
The festive season fell between
two deadly waves of the deadly influenza outbreak.
Families still gathered, often
with empty chairs at the table.
NYT
Dec. 9, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/09/
us/pandemic-holiday-christmas.html

Volunteer nurses tending to
influenza patients
at the
Oakland
Municipal Auditorium in 1918.
Photograph:
Edward A. Rogers/Library of
Congress, via Associated Press
Holidays in a Pandemic? Here’s
What Happened in 1918
The festive season
fell between
two deadly waves of the deadly influenza outbreak.
Families still gathered, often
with empty chairs at the table.
NYT
Dec. 9, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/09/
us/pandemic-holiday-christmas.html

An emergency hospital at Camp Funston, at Fort Riley, Kan.,
during the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic.
Photograph:
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology/
National Museum of Health
and Medicine,
via Associated Press
Is This Coronavirus ‘the Big One’?
For decades,
experts’ warnings to prepare have gone unheeded.
The New York Times
Feb. 29, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/29/
opinion/sunday/coronavirus-outbreak.html
1918
Influenza
pandemic
a deadly flu outbreak
gripped the nation,
wiping out a third
of the world’s population
and killing 675,000 people
in the United States alone.
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/21/
us/politics/1918-flu-pandemic-elections.html
the Spanish flu pandemic
(...)
infected 500 million
worldwide
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/mar/29/
spanish-flu-survivor-dies-from-coronavirus-aged-108
outbreak
of Spanish flu,
one of the worst
virus outbreak
of modern times,
(...)
is believed
to have killed
up to 100 million people.
https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2020/mar/31/
lessons-from-the-1918-spanish-flu-pandemic-podcast
alors que s’achève
la Première Guerre mondiale,
la grippe dite espagnole
s’abat sur le monde.
Pendant l’hiver
de 1918-1919,
on comptera jusqu’à
un milliard de malades,
sur une population totale
de 1,9 milliard d’humains
sur la planète,
et le nombre de décès
liés à cette pandémie
est évalué entre
50 à 100 millions.
https://www.mediapart.fr/studio/portfolios/
tous-masques-au-temps-de-la-grippe-espagnole
https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/influenza-epidemic/
https://www.pbs.org/video/american-experience-influenza-1918/
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/05/
insider/1918-pandemic.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/09/
us/pandemic-holiday-christmas.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/03/
us/mask-protests-1918.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/03/
us/mask-protests-1918.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/14/
theater/spanish-flu-1918-new-york-theater.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/13/
nyregion/spanish-flu-coronavirus-black-wedding.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/26/
nyregion/spanish-flu-nyc-coronavirus.html
https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/05/15/
855319598/what-the-1918-flu-can-teach-us-about-handling-todays-pandemic
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/14/
business/1918-flu-memorials.html
https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/may/03/
flu-once-plagued-economy-coronavirus-war-great-depression
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/may/03/
the-big-picture-spreading-the-message-about-the-1918-pandemic
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/apr/29/
us-responses-1918-flu-pandemic-offer-stark-lessons-coronavirus-now
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/28/
us/spanish-flu-womens-suffrage-coronavirus.html
https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/15/
835131873/for-centenarian-survivor-of-1918-flu-pandemic-coronavirus-is-just-another-proble
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/apr/05/
1918-flu-pandemic-coronavirus-drug-trials-scientists-treatments-evidence
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/04/
us/coronavirus-spanish-flu-philadelphia-pennsylvania.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/04/
us/spanish-flu-oral-history.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/
nyregion/spanish-flu-nyc-virus.html
https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2020/mar/31/
lessons-from-the-1918-spanish-flu-pandemic-podcast
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/31/
spanish-flu-survivor-107-on-her-nursing-homes-coronavirus-lockdown-its-like-were-in-jail
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/mar/29/
spanish-flu-survivor-dies-from-coronavirus-aged-108
https://www.npr.org/2020/03/25/
821597079/1918-flu
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/21/
us/politics/1918-flu-pandemic-elections.html
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/22/
be-careful-spains-last-1918-flu-survivor-offers-warning-on-coronavirus
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/22/
facebook-powerful-crisis-coronavirus-communities-online
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/22/
economists-pandemic-predictions-covid-19
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/20/
opinion/coronavirus-1918-flu-pandemic-new-york.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/21/
us/politics/1918-flu-pandemic-elections.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/
opinion/coronavirus-1918-spanish-flu.html
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/11/
closed-borders-and-black-weddings-what-the-1918-flu-teaches-us-about-coronavirus
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/09/
health/coronavirus-is-very-different-from-the-spanish-flu-of-1918-heres-how.html
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/01/
gunnison-colorado-the-town-that-dodged-the-1918-spanish-flu-pandemic
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/22/
well/family/a-centennial-of-death-the-great-influenza-pandemic-of-1918.html
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/journal-plague-year-180965222/ - Nov.
2017
https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=93747214 - August 20,
2008
https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5222069 - February 20,
2006
https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4946718 - October 5,
2005
https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1646810 - February 5,
2004
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3455873.stm - 5 February, 2004
https://www.npr.org/templates/story/
story.php?storyId=1067518 - December 6,
1999
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