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History > 20th century > USA > Civil rights > John Fitzgerald Kennedy / JFK 1917-1963
35th president of the United States
1961-1963
Prees (sic) John F. Kennedy and wife Jackie greeting crowd at Love Field upon arrival for campaign tour on day of his assassination.
Location: Dallas, TX, US Date taken: November 22, 1963
Photographer: Art Rickerby Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/dc757604965caaf6.html
Pres. John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline arriving for a tour of the city on the morning of Kennedy's assassination.
Location: Dallas, TX, US Date taken: November 22, 1963
Photographer: Art Rickerby Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/9823847d00bff22f.html
Commuters reading of John F. Kennedy's assassination.
Location: NY, US Date taken: November 1963
Photographer: Carl Mydans Life Images
Commuters reading of John F. Kennedy's assassination.
Location: NY, US Date taken: November 1963
Photographer: Carl Mydans Life Image http://images.google.com/hosted/life/f?imgurl=c2b997ce529f47d6
Cover of LIFE magazine dated 11-24-1967 w. pic of Texas Gov. John Connally by John Dominis & inset of Pres. Kennedy & entourage during motorcade prior to assassination (by Zingraff) & legends "Last Seconds of the Motorcade" & "Why Kennedy Went to Dallas."
Date taken: November 24, 1967
Photographer: John Dominis Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/d2685f2ddacb8e73.html
Mark Lane 1927-2016
defense lawyer, social activist and author who concluded in a blockbuster book in the mid-1960s that Lee Harvey Oswald could not have acted alone in killing President John F. Kennedy, a thesis supported in part by the House Select Committee on Assassinations in 1979
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/us/
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/us/
Thomas Lemuel Johns 1925-2014
Secret Service agent who guarded Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson when President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas and who became a high-ranking Secret Service official during Johnson’s administration
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/11/
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/11/
Jacqueline Lee Kennedy Onassis, née Bouvier 1929-1994
Jacqueline Kennedy, widow of assassinated President John F. Kennedy, holds the U.S. flag that covered the coffin of her husband at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va. after the president was buried on Nov. 25, 1963.
Photograph: Eddie Adams/Associated Press
Boston Globe > Big Picture 50th anniversary of the JFK assassination November 22, 2013 http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2013/11/50th_anniversary_of_the_jfk_as.html
Arlington, Virginia, on 25 November 1963. Jacqueline Kennedy at John F Kennedy’s funeral.
Photograph: Elliott Erwitt/MAGNUM PHOTOS/Elliott Erwitt/Magnum Photos
Elliott Erwitt: 'Photography is pretty simple. You just react to what you see' The 92-year-old photographer discusses a storied career of capturing big and small moments and why he’s happy to keep working for as long as possible G Mon 9 Nov 2020 15.58 GMT Last modified on Mon 9 Nov 2020 16.35 GMT
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/nov/09/
Mr. Shearer’s image of John F. Kennedy Jr. saluting his fallen father at the Kennedy funeral in 1963 is one of the most reproduced images of that moment.
Photograph: John Shearer
John Shearer, Who Photographed Tumultuous 1960s, Dies at 72 Mr. Shearer joined the staff of Look magazine at the age of 20, becoming one of the few black photographers at a major national publication. NYT June 27, 2019
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/27/
widow of President John F. Kennedy and of the Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis.
Although Mrs. Onassis was one of the world's most famous women — an object of fascination to generations of Americans and the subject of countless articles and books that re-explored the myths and realities of the Kennedy years, the terrible images of the president's 1963 assassination in Dallas, and her made-for-tabloids marriage to the wealthy Mr. Onassis — she was a quintessentially private person, poised and glamorous, but shy and aloof. http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/o/jacqueline_kennedy_onassis/
https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/jacqueline-kennedy-onassis https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/jackie-onassis
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/nov/09/
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/23/
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/03/
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/08/world/europe/
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/24/us/
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/13/jackie-kennedy-pass-notes
https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2011/09/12/ http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/gallery/2011/apr/17/photography-henricartierbresson
http://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/jun/22/fiction.features
http://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/24/news/24iht-subjackie.html http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0728.html
Jacob Leon Rubenstein / Jack Leon Ruby 1911-1967
A big question in Dallas is why Jack Ruby shot and killed Lee Harvey Oswald as the man accused of assassinating President Kennedy was being transferred from one jail to another, on Nov. 25, 1963.
Ruby, whose real name is Rubenstein, is pictured as he was taken before a justice of the peace to be arraigned on murder charges.
Photograph: Associated Press
Boston Globe > Big Picture 50th anniversary of the JFK assassination November 22, 2013 http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2013/11/50th_anniversary_of_the_jfk_as.html
Nov. 22, 1963, midnight -
(Lee Harvey) Oswald is paraded in front of the press.
At the back of the room is one man who is not a policeman or a reporter, a man who carries a gun and has underworld connections.
His name is Jacob Rubenstein, known as Jack Ruby.
In less than 36 hours, he will murder Lee Harvey Oswald.
Ruby is a police informer who owned a striptease club and made sure that policemen who came to his club were shown a good time.
He was know to be an impulsive, quick tempered man who loved to fight.
He also knew people who were in organized crime.
In 1963, Sam and Joe Campisi were leading figures in the Dallas underworld.
Jack knew the Campisis and had been seen with them on many occasions.
The Campisis were lieutenants of Carlos Marcello, the Mafia boss who had reportedly talked of killing the President.
(...)
Nov 24. 11:21 AM: Oswald is shot by Ruby.
Posner: “Ruby yells as he’s shooting, “You killed my president, you rat!”
He’s then tackled by the police around him and in the few seconds after the shooting through the time he’s taken into the jail, he says a series of things.
“You guys,” meaning the police, “couldn’t do it. I did it for you. I had to show that a Jew has guts. I’m happy that I got him.”
Oswald never regains consciousness after Jack Ruby shoots him. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/biographies/oswald/twenty-four-years/
Millions of Americans watched on television on Nov. 24, 1963, as Jack Ruby, a Dallas nightclub owner, gunned down President John F. Kennedy's assassin, http://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/01/us/phil-burleson-61-jack-ruby-s-lawyer.html
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/feb/19/usa http://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/01/us/phil-burleson-61-jack-ruby-s-lawyer.html http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1124.html https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/twenty-four-years/
http://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/01/us/phil-burleson-61-jack-ruby-s-lawyer.html
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/24/newsid_3198000/3198106.stm
14 March 1964
Jack Ruby is sentenced to death
Jack Ruby is sentenced to death after being found guilty of the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald, the alleged assassin of President John F Kennedy. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/14/newsid_4221000/4221937.stm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/14/
Lee Harvey Oswald 1939 - November 24, 1963
Lee Harvey Oswald, accused assassin of President John F. Kennedy, reacts as Dallas night club owner Jack Ruby shoots at him from point blank range in a corridor of Dallas police headquarters, on Nov. 24, 1963.
Plainclothesman at left is Jim A. Leavelle.
Photograph: Bob Jackson/Dallas Times-Herald/Associated Press
Boston Globe > Big Picture 50th anniversary of the JFK assassination November 22, 2013 http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2013/11/50th_anniversary_of_the_jfk_as.html
Lee Harvey Oswald, accused assassin of President John F. Kennedy, is placed on a stretcher after being shot in the stomach in Dallas on Nov. 24.
Nightclub owner Jack Ruby shot and killed Oswald as the prisoner was being transferred through the underground garage of Dallas police headquarters.
Photograph: David F. Smith/Associated Press
Boston Globe > Big Picture 50th anniversary of the JFK assassination November 22, 2013 http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2013/11/50th_anniversary_of_the_jfk_as.html
Lee Harvey Oswald being loaded onto stretcher after being shot by Jack Ruby.
Location: Dallas, TX, US Date taken: November 25, 1963
Photographer: Robert W. Kelley Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/50c077d16c3effa2.html
TIME cover 10-02-1964 Ill. of Lee Harvey Oswald, alleged assassin of President John F. Kennedy.
Location: US Date taken: October 02, 1964
Photographer: Boris Artzybasheff Life Images
Lee Harvey Oswald sits in police custody shortly after being arrested for assassinating President John F Kennedy.
Photograph: AP
Files will shed light on a JFK shooting conspiracy – but not the one you think G First published on Thursday 26 October 2017
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/oct/26/
A Dallas policeman holds up the rifle used to kill President John F. Kennedy.
Photograph: Bettmann Archive
Observer archive - Lee Harvey Oswald, 30 November 1963 Following the assassination of JFK on 22 November 1963, the Observer sent photographer Stuart Heydinger and reporters Joyce Egginton and Cyril Dunn to Dallas, Texas, to investigate the life and motives of the killer. O Sat 24 Nov 2018 18.00 GMT
https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2018/nov/24/
Who Was Lee Harvey Oswald? Video Frontline Aired: 11/19/2013 01:53:41 Rating: NR FRONTLINE marks the 50th anniversary of the Kennedy assassination with an investigative biography of the man at the center of the political crime of the 20th century.
At the heart of the assassination lies the puzzle of Lee Harvey Oswald: Was he an emotionally disturbed lone gunman? Was he part of a broader conspiracy? Or was he an unwitting fall guy, the patsy, as Oswald himself claimed?
https://www.pbs.org/video/
https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/lee-harvey-oswald http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/22/jfk-assassination-timeline http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/24/newsid_3198000/3198106.stm https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/oswald/cron/ https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/twenty-four-years/
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kq1PbgeBoQ4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eWmY7bz21Co
https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2018/nov/24/
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/oct/26/
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/us/
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/22/
http://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/nov/22/
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/10/
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/11/us/ http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/mar/18/fidel-castro-oswald-jfk-book
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/21/ http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/9960994
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/17/us/17inquire.html http://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/feb/19/usa http://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/01/us/phil-burleson-61-jack-ruby-s-lawyer.html http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1124.html http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0927.html http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1124.html http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/0927.html
John Fitzgerald Kennedy / JFK 1917 - November 22,1963
35th president of the United States
Kennedy Campaign Dem. Pres. cand. John Kennedy speaking fr. podium to crowd in street.
Location: New York, NY, US Date taken: October 1960
Photographer: Paul Schutzer Life Images
https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/john-fitzgerald-kennedy https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7X0LKts7k4FT498Id_x5sg
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/17/world/asia/
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/11/us/ https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/john-f-kennedy https://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/2013/11/the-legacy-of-president-john-f-kennedy-50-years-later/ http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/22/jfk-assassination-timeline http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2013/11/50th_anniversary_of_the_jfk_as.html https://www.cagle.com/news/jfk-50/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kq1PbgeBoQ4
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/08/
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/sep/05/
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/aug/23/
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/16/
https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2018/nov/24/
http://www.npr.org/2017/10/26/
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/oct/26/
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/gallery/2017/may/29/
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/29/
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/11/us/
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/us/
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/24/upshot/baseballs-role-in-jfks-life.html
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/22/jfk-assassination-dallas-arlington-ceremony http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/22/jfk-50th-anniversary-assassination-live http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/22/jfk-assassination-timeline http://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2013/nov/23/jfk-news-of-a-shooting-tv-review http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/22/cia-kennedy-assassination-conspiracy-judge http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/22/kennedy-assassination-50-years-jfk http://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/nov/22/john-kennedy-conspiracy-theories http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/22/opinion/kennedys-legacy-of-inspiration.html
https://www.npr.org/2013/11/16/ http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/11/us/textbooks-reassess-kennedy-putting-camelot-under-siege.html http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/22/us/kennedy-has-been-shot-memories-from-nov-22-1963.html http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/22/opinion/nov-22-memories-of-that-awful-day.html http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/22/us/once-at-kennedys-side-now-at-one-anothers.html http://apps.beta620.nytimes.com/john-f-kennedy-assassination-coverage/issue.html http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/21/us/obama-presents-top-honor-to-bill-clinton.html http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/21/arts/design/recalling-kennedys-death-or-life.html http://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/21/jfk-through-the-pages-of-the-new-york-times/ http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2013/11/12/us/20131114_DALLAS.html http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/21/opinion/morris-november-22-1963.html http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/21/jfk-dallas-reckon-past-hate http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/nov/21/jfk-jackie-kennedy-camelot-myth http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/21/dallas-jfk-commemoration-conspiracy-theorists-left-out http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/nov/20/jfk-art-president-pictures http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/19/john-f-kennedy-assassination-racial-equality-jfk http://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2013/nov/19/the-parallax-view-kennedy-assassination http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/17/opinion/sunday/dallass-role-in-kennedys-murder.html http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/15/jfk-death-conspiracy-theories-50-years http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/15/arts/television/we-interrupt-this-generation.html http://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/nov/14/abraham-zapruder-film-kennedy-killing-parkland http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/11/10/us/politics/evolving-portraits-of-jfk.html http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/10/john-f-kennedy-jfk-50-years-photographs http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/nov/10/kennedy-jfk-letters-clarke-review http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/nov/01/10-best-books-inspired-by-jfk http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/27/books/review/the-elusive-president.html http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/27/books/review/jfk-a-sampler.html http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/27/books/review/the-interloper-by-peter-savodnik-and-more.html http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/12/jfk-dallas-kennedy-assassination-oswald
http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/photography-blog/2013/sep/27/ http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2013/may/31/jfk-to-move-the-world http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/19/us/steuart-pittman-head-of-fallout-shelter-program-dies-at-93.html
http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/oct/15/cuban-missile-crisis-russian-roulette http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/12/us/gaeton-fonzi-76-investigated-kennedy-assassination.html http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/03/us/earl-rose-coroner-when-jfk-was-shot-dies-at-85.html http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/04/22/magazine/winogrand-look.html http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/05/us/stan-stearns-who-caught-jfk-jrs-salute-on-film-dies-at-76.html http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/12/opinion/sunday/jfks-intern.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/27/opinion/sunday/Douthat-The-Enduring-Cult-of-Kennedy.html http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/13/books/review/11-22-63-by-stephen-king-book-review.html http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/11/books/a-first-rate-madness-by-nassir-ghaemi-review.html http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/john-f-kennedy http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/27/opinion/sunday/Douthat-The-Enduring-Cult-of-Kennedy.html http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/26/us/tom-wicker-journalist-and-author-dies-at-85.html http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/22/opinion/the-umbrella-man.html http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2011/nov/22/john-f-kennedy-us-politics http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/30/us/archbishop-philip-m-hannan-dies-at-98.html
http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2010/11/the_presidency_of_jfk_50_years.html http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/01/us/01sorensen.html http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2010/oct/07/rat-pack-kennedy-election-50-years http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/arts/design/23warnecke.html http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/us/09kennedy.html http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/13/jacqueline-kennedy-interviews-released-jfk
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/feb/22/kennedy.assassination
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/04/usa.mainsection
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/22/opinion/remembering-john-f-kennedy.html http://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/jun/22/fiction.features http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/25653/J-F-K-/overview
http://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/16/us/
http://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/29/books/reverberations-of-dallas.html
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/nov22.html http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/witness/november/22/newsid_3211000/3211055.stm http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1122.html
26 June 1963
Kennedy: 'Ich bin ein Berliner'
John F Kennedy made a ground-breaking speech in Berlin offering American solidarity to the citizens of West Germany.
A crowd of 120,000 Berliners gathered in front of the Schöneberg Rathaus (City Hall) to hear President Kennedy speak http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/26/newsid_3379000/3379061.stm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/26/
11 June 1963
Kennedy’s civil rights speech
An epochal moment for civil rights in a single day
three seminal events – a standoff with Alabama's governor, a presidential speech and the murder of Medgar Evers – left an indelible mark on American history (...)
In the early morning of 11 June 1963, Attorney General examined maps of the University of Alabama's Tuscaloosa campus as his three young children played by his feet.
Within 18 hours, his brother, the president, had given an impromptu national address on civil rights, the Alabama governor had confronted the federal authorities on national television and blinked, and one of the movement's most prominent leaders had been gunned down outside his home. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/11/civil-rights-anniversary-11-june-1963
June 11, 1963, may not be a widely recognized date these days, but it might have been the single most important day in civil rights history.
That morning, Gov. George Wallace, in an effort to block the integration of the University of Alabama, made his futile “stand at the schoolhouse door.”
That evening, Boston N.A.A.C.P. leaders engaged in their first public confrontation with Louise Day Hicks, the chairwoman of the Boston School Committee, over de facto public school segregation, beginning a decade-long struggle that would boil over into spectacular violence during the early 1970s.
And just after midnight in Jackson, Miss., a white segregationist murdered the civil rights leader
But the most important event was one that almost didn’t happen: a hastily arranged speech that evening by President John F. Kennedy.
Kennedy had dabbled with the idea of going on TV should the Alabama crisis drag out, so when it ended, his staff assumed the plan was off.
But that afternoon he surprised them by calling the three networks and personally requesting airtime at 8 p.m.
He told his speechwriter Theodore Sorensen to start drafting the text, but shortly before he went on air the president was still editing it.
The president had been routinely criticized by black leaders for being timid on civil rights, and no one knew just what to expect when the cameras started filming.
Kennedy began slowly and in a matter-of-fact manner, with an announcement that the National Guard had peacefully enrolled two black students at the University of Alabama over Wallace’s vociferously racist objections.
But he quickly spun that news into a plea for national unity behind what he, for the first time, called a “moral issue.”
It seems obvious today that civil rights should be spoken of in universal terms, but at the time many white Americans still saw it as a regional, largely political question.
And yet here was the leader of the country, asking “every American, regardless of where he lives,” to “stop and examine his conscience.”
Then he went further.
Speaking during the centennial of the Emancipation Proclamation — an anniversary he had assiduously avoided commemorating, earlier that year — Kennedy eloquently linked the fate of African-American citizenship to the larger question of national identity and freedom.
America, “for all its hopes and all its boasts,” observed Kennedy, “will not be fully free until all its citizens are free.” http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/
Kennedy's Committee on Equal Opportunity in the Armed Forces, known as the Gesell Committee.
John F. Kennedy meets with Gerhard Gesell (on his right), Whitney Young (on his left) and other members of the President’s Committee on Equal Opportunity in the Armed Forces.
Jan. 23, 1963.
Photograph: Cecil Stoughton/ White House Photographs/ John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston
The Military’s Discrimination Problem Was So Bad in the 1960s, Kennedy Formed a Committee The group of lawyers and activists toured the country, interviewing soldiers. NYT July 16, 2019
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/16/
1962
Cuban Missile Crisis
On October 22, 1962, President John F. Kennedy informed the world that the Soviet Union was building secret missile bases on the island of Cuba, 90 miles off the shores of Florida.
The events of the next tension-filled 13 days, known as the Cuban Missile Crisis, struck fear across the globe as the world teetered on the edge of nuclear disaster.
The fate of the planet ultimately lay in the hands of three powerful men: Khrushchev, Castro and Kennedy.
Cuban Missile Crisis: Three Men Go to War explores the roles the three leaders played during some of the most dangerous moments in history, set against the human stories of ordinary men in the field such as the Soviet man who shot down the U2 piloted by U.S. Air Force Major Rudolf Anderson on the worst day of the crisis. http://www.pbs.org/program/three-men/
https://www.pbs.org/show/three-men-go-war/
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/
"We go to the Moon, and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard."
--John F. Kennedy, speaking at Rice University, September 12, 1962. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/09/this-day-in-history-jfk-gives-moon-speech.html - broekn URL
Kennedy's foreign policy > Vietnam
in November 1961 (Kennedy) sanctioned the use of defoliants in a covert operation code-named Ranch Hand, every mission flown signed off by the president himself and managed in Saigon by the secret Committee 202 - the call sign for defoliating forests being "20" and for spraying fields "2".
(...)
When US troops became directly embroiled in Vietnam in 1964, the Pentagon signed contracts worth $57m (£36m) with eight US chemical companies to produce defoliants, including Agent Orange, named after the coloured band painted around the barrels in which it was shipped.
The US would target the Ho Chi Minh trail - Viet Cong supply lines made invisible by the jungle canopy along the border with Laos - as well as the heavily wooded Demilitarised Zone (DMZ) that separated the North from the South, and also the Mekong Delta, a maze of overgrown swamps and inlets that was a haven for communist insurgents. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/mar/29/usa.adrianlevy
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/mar/29/
Kennedy's foreign policy
Vietnam
On April 29, (1961) Kennedy approved the deployment of 400 Special Forces troops to South Vietnam, where they would train and advise local soldiers against the Communist North.
Within two years, more than 16,000 American troops would arrive in Vietnam.
U.S. involvement in Vietnam may be Kennedy’s most lasting legacy in American foreign policy, but at the time, not many Americans understood the depth of involvement that lay ahead.
Scholars continue to debate what Kennedy’s intentions would have been had he lived.
Aides to the president have said that he felt an American withdrawal from Vietnam would tarnish him as an appeaser — which would have been political suicide — but that he would have withdrawn after a re-election in 1964.
Historian Robert Dallek says, “Kennedy was really doubtful about the wisdom of escalating the war,” and was developing a plan as early as 1962 to remove all troops in stages. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/general-article/john-kennedy-and-foreign-policy/
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/06/robert-mcnamara-obituary http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/06/robert-mcnamara-dies
http://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/feb/08/usa.awardsandprizes
20 January 1961
Inaugural Address
Motion picture of President John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address in Washington, D.C.
Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren administers the oath of office to President Kennedy.
Former President Dwight D. Eisenhower and former Vice President Richard M. Nixon congratulate President Kennedy.
In his speech President Kennedy urges American citizens to participate in public service and "ask not what your country can do for you --ask what you can do for your country." http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/BqXIEM9F4024ntFl7SVAjA.aspx
https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/historic-speeches/
8 November 1960
Kennedy is elected President
On Nov. 8, 1960, Senator John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts defeated Vice President Richard M. Nixon for the presidency in one of the closest and most contentious elections in American history.
Mr. Kennedy would end up defeating Mr. Nixon by just 0.1 percent in the popular vote, and the results of the election were still uncertain on Tuesday night. http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/11/08/nov-8-1960-john-f-kennedy-elected-president/
http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/11/08/
26 September 1960
Kennedy and Nixon clash in TV debate
More than 60 million Americans tuned in to watch the first-ever televised debate between the two candidates running for the White House. http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/26/newsid_3104000/3104393.stm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/26/newsid_3104000/3104393.stm http://images.google.com/hosted/life/a147210f6bfaac7d.html http://images.google.com/hosted/life/c300aa5b39d46f39.html http://images.google.com/hosted/life/ffd7219ad56f2a54.html
Related > Anglonautes > History > 21st, 20th century > USA
Robert Francis "Bobby" Kennedy 1925-1968
20th century > USA > Civil rights
17th, 18th, 19th, 20th century
Related > Anglonautes > Vocapedia
race relations, racism, segregation, civil rights
Anglonautes > Arts > Photography > Photographers > 20th century > USA
James "Spider" Martin 1939-2003
Related
Kennedy Family Tree: Three Generations of Politics
https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/08/26/
Guardian > The Kennedys https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/kennedys
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