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learning English > lycées français > première, terminale, EC, bac > anglais
compréhension et expression écrites / orales
tronc commun > 8 thèmes au programme en 2020-2021
innovations scientifiques et responsabilités
vocabulaire et documents
et la prononciation en anglais, ajoutez TransOver et Pronounce
documents
artificial intelligence (A.I.), gene therapy, Covid-19 vaccines
WORLD FACES COVID-19 “VACCINE APARTHEID”
Even countries that hosted vaccine trials — like Argentina, South Africa, Brazil, and Turkey — will not receive adequate supplies.
December 31 2020 The Intercept (USA)
https://theintercept.com/2020/12/31/
Will everyone in the world have access to a Covid vaccine? G 27 November 2020
Will everyone in the world have access to a Covid vaccine? Video G 27 November 2020
The hunt for a coronavirus vaccine is showing promise but it is premature to say the end of the pandemic is nigh.
Several rich countries have signed a 'frenzy of deals' that could prevent many poor nations from getting access to immunisation until at least 2024.
Also, many drug firms are potentially refusing to waive patents and other intellectual property rights in order to secure exclusive rights to any cure.
YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVdROe2-J8I
Related
https://www.theguardian.com/society/video/2020/nov/27/
Poor Countries Fall Behind In Race To Reserve COVID-19 Vaccine
17 November 2020 NPR (USA) article + photo
https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/11/05/
11 November 2020 NPR (USA)
https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/11/11/
When We Cease to Understand the World by Benjamín Labatut review – the dark side of science
An extraordinary ‘nonfiction novel’ weaves a web of associations between the founders of quantum mechanics and the evils of two world wars
10 Sep 2020 The Guardian (UK)
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/sep/10/
July 20, 2020 NPR (USA) article + photo + podcast with transcript
https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/07/20/
May 6, 2019 NPR (USA) article + photo
https://www.npr.org/2019/05/06/
Google Testing A Censored Search Engine Just For China
August 2, 2018 NPR (USA) article + photo
https://www.npr.org/2018/08/02/
1910s
Germany
ammonia process
The ammonia process – which uses nitrogen from the atmosphere as its key ingredient – was invented by German chemist to solve a problem that faced farmers across the globe.
By the early 20th century they were running out of natural fertilisers for their crops.
The Haber plant at Ludwigshafen, run by the chemical giant BASF, transformed that grim picture exactly 100 years ago – by churning out ammonia in industrial quantities for the first time, triggering a green revolution.
Several billion people are alive today only because Haber found a way to turn atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia fertiliser.
"Bread from air," ran the slogan that advertised his work at the time.
But there is another, far darker side to the history of the Haber process.
By providing Germany with an industrial source of ammonia, the country was able to extend its fight in the first world war by more than a year, it is estimated.
Britain's sea blockade would have ensured Germany quickly ran out of natural fertilisers for its crops.
In addition, Germany would also have run out of nitrogen compounds, such as saltpetre, for its explosives.
The Haber process met both demands.
Trains, bursting with Haber-based explosives and scrawled with "Death to the French", were soon chugging to the front, lengthening the war and Europe's suffering.
(...)
Bald and absurdly Teutonic in demeanour, Haber was an ardent German nationalist.
He was happy his invention was used to make explosives and was a fervent advocate of gas weapons.
As a result, on 22 April 1915 at Ypres, 400 tons of chlorine gas were released under his direction and sent sweeping in clouds over Allied troops.
It was the world's first major chemical weapons attack.
Around 6,000 men died.
Haber later claimed asphyxiation was no worse than blowing a soldier's leg off and letting him bleed to death, but many others disagreed, including his wife, Clara, herself a chemist.
A week after the Ypres attack, she took Haber's service revolver and shot herself, dying in the arms of Hermann, their only son.
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/nov/03/
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/nov/03/
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