Learning English > glossaire

abréviations / symboles

BV                                               Base Verbale (write / learn)

PP                                               V au participe "passé" (written / learned)

have + PP                                    Present perfect (have run)

had + PP                                     Past perfect (had fought)

-ED                                              Passé / Preterite (wrote / learned)

be + PP                                        Passif (auxiliaire be + Va u participe "passé")

GV                                                Groupe verbal (he has been taken to ...)

reg                                                verbe régulier (turn, turned, turned)

ir                                                    verbe irrégulier (write, wrote, written)

tr                                                    verbe transitif (suivi directement de son objet)

tr-ind                                              verbe transitif indirect (v - préposition - objet)

intr                                                  verbe intransitif (pas d'objet)

tr / intr                                             verbe transitif / intransitif

GN                                                Groupe Nominal / forme nominalisée

GNS                                             Groupe Nominal Sujet

GNO                                             Groupe Nominal Objet

INDEN                                          Indénombrable (applause, damage, information)

Adv                                               Adverbe (only)

GA                                                Groupe Adverbial (at least)

Adj                                                Adjectif

MOD                                             Modal (auxiliaire de modalité : can, will, etc.)

AUX                                              Auxiliaire (do, have, be)

SVO                                              Sujet Verbe Objet

prép                                              préposition (in, on, at, over, beyond, etc.)

prop                                              proposition ( SVintr / SVtrO)

conj                                               conjonction (whereas, as soon as, unless, etc.)

Br                                                 anglais britannique

Am                                                anglais américain

Irl                                                  anglais irlandais

Sl                                                  slang (argot)

Of                                                 offensive (insultant)

Inf                                                 informal (familier)

lit                                                  littéral

fig                                                 figuré

glose                                            traduction explicative

Abréviations > médias

AP
Associated Press (USA)

BBC                                              
British Broadcasting Corporation

BC
The Boston Globe (USA)

DMi
The Daily Mirror (UK)

DMa
The Daily Mail -> entrée dans le corpus le 17.10.2003.

DMN
The Dallas Morning News (USA)

DT                                                
The Daily Telegraph

E
The Economist

F
Fortune

FT                                                 
The Financial Times

G
The Guardian

GE                                               
The Guardian Europe -> devient The Guardian International Edition en 2003 > GI

GE2                                             
Guardian Europe pullout -> G2

GW                                              
The Guardian Weekly (international edition)

I                                                    
The Independent

IHT                                                 
The International Herald Tribune (USA)

IoS
The Independent on Sunday

IT
Irish Times (Ireland)

L
Life (USA)

N
Newsweek (USA)

NoW
News of the World

NS
NewScientist

NYT                                               
The New York Times (USA)

O
The Observer

PA
Press Association

PE
Private Eye

PU
Punch

Q
Q Magazine

R
Reuters

RP
Red Pepper

RS
Rolling Stone

T
The Times (UK)

Ti
Time (USA)

TW
The Week

UT
USA Today

V
The Voice

WH
Which Magazine

WI
Wired Magazine (USA)

WP
The Washington Post (USA)

WT
Weekly Telegraph (The Daily Telegraph / The Sunday Telegraph)