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learning > grammaire anglaise - niveau avancé
syntaxe et sens
N complexe
Un N complexe peut notamment inclure une proposition (SVO ou to -> VO), proposition qui, dans cette mise en syntaxe, devient un élément nominal :
Can The Forces Unleashed By Trump's Big Election Lie Be Undone? January 16, 20215 00 AM ET
https://www.npr.org/2021/01/16/
To become George Best airport is a humiliation worthy of North Korea
Fauci: no evidence anti-malaria drug Trump pushes works against virus
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/05/
What Just Happened Also Occurred Before The Last 7 U.S. Recessions.
Using doom and gloom so people take climate change seriously doesn't work
The weather gods must be climate sceptics. Why else would they choose the start of Cancún to smother Europe in snow? G Mon 6 Dec 2010 13.55 GMT Last modified on Mon 6 Dec 2010 13.54 GMT
https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/blog/
N sens inattendu
What would the young you think of the older you?
The Guardian G2 pp. 8-9 22.12.2005 The toy that ate Christmas How did a plastic dinosaur with a brain the size of a pocket calculator take over the planet? Oliver Burkeman and Jonathan Watts trace the evolution of the Roboraptor G Thursday December 22, 2005
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/dec/22/
The Guardian Weekend
p. 38 7 January 2006
The Guardian p. 15 19 December 2005
The Guardian Media p. 1 12 February 2007
The Guardian p. 5 1 June 2006
The Guardian p. 14 17.11.2005
The Guardian p. 16 16.7.2005
The Guardian p. 3 7 September 2004
Exemple de GN complexe :
Op-Ed Columnist The Health Care Sausage
July 23, 2009
Watching Barack Obama trying to push members of Congress toward some kind of agreement on a health care bill [ GN -ing sujet ] gives you a new appreciation for why Hillary Clinton decided to just write the whole thing herself and dump it on them. [ ... ] Meanwhile, the leader of the Blue Dog rebels in the House called the big cost-containment victory a “small breakthrough” and noted that he and his six fellow Dogs had nine more big problems they wanted to discuss with the White House.
The Health Care
Sausage, NYT, 23.7.2009,
Dans les GN complexes qui intègrent une proposition relative avec verbe + préposition (voir énoncés 1-2-3-5-6), ou avec verbe à particule + préposition (4), la préposition (of, to, on, for, with, etc.) se trouve après le groupe verbal (GV) nominalisé :
'The farm I grew up on contains the ghosts of so many of my memories. And the ghosts of so many of Zimbabwe's memories' G2, headline, p. 1, 27.11.2002.
Voir > Préposition en fin de séquence
topréposition est suivi d'un nom ou d'une forme nominalisée en -ing > Ngérondif.
toviseur cible une base verbale.
1 -> deux to se suivent : le premier est préposition ( + GN / -ing), le second viseur (-> Base Verbale).
- topréposition : go to (énoncé théorique de départ : ... go to extraordinary lengths ...).
- toviseur : to target and lure ...
1 - "It clearly shows the extraordinary lengths that sex abusers will go to to target and lure children for their own sexual gratification, and highlights the dangers of internet chatrooms." The sick list, DM, p. 5, 10.10.2003.
2 - "Some of the companies I've talked to say it makes it that much easier to decide - let's just buy more trucks." A friend of freight, début de l'article, GE, p. 16, 15.3.2003.
3 - Ergonomics experts I spoke to say that it should be easier to find things with a stylus than a mouse, and that's the experience of those I've spoken to who have used graphic tablets (where you use a pen instead of a mouse, on a separate tablet). Write of passage, I, Review pullout, p. 11, 4.11.2002.
4 - 'The farm I grew up on contains the ghosts of so many of my memories. And the ghosts of so many of Zimbabwe's memories' G2, headline, p. 1, 27.11.2002.
5 - First it was vintage heavy-metal T-shirts, then came leg warmers and Lycra. Now old mobile phones have become the retro fashion accessory to be seen with.
Retro
is all the rage in handsets, G, 20.11.2004,
6 - NEW HAVEN — A former parolee with a long history as a petty criminal was convicted of capital crimes on Tuesday for his part in a nighttime home invasion in Cheshire, Conn., three years ago that left a woman and her two daughters dead. The jury deliberated less than one full day. The defendant, Steven J. Hayes, who, the testimony showed, described his eager anticipation of the crime with an “LOL” — laughing out loud — text message hours before taking part in murder, rape, kidnapping and assault at the home of the Petit family, was convicted of 16 of 17 crimes in all; he was acquitted of arson. Six of the crimes he was convicted of make him eligible for the death penalty. The same jury that sat during the three-week trial must soon determine, in a penalty phase that could last a month, whether Mr. Hayes is to be sentenced to death.
The penalty phase is to begin on Oct. 18. Convictions on 16 Counts
in Triple-Murder Case, NYT, 5.10.2010,
Nominalisé (ate -> ate), le verbe de la proposition relative déterminative fait partie intégrante du GN complexe the-game-that-ate-itself :
7 - The game that ate itself
Attendances are falling and there's trouble looming for The Premiership. A league that has become ridiculously uncompetitive and for many fans, terminally over-priced. Denis Campbell reports
Headline and sub, O,
24.10.2004,
A day that will decide the fate of the world
For once, the cliché wheeled out by desperate politicians trying to terrify their lazier supporters into voting is no lie. This is indeed the most important American election of modern times. Indeed, it is arguably the most important single election of modern times. From the fate of the Middle East, to the global scourge of terror and the threat of nuclear proliferation, to the economic and financial future of the world's greatest debtor nation on all these issues, the next occupant of the Oval Office must make decisions that will shape history. If that were not enough, the country, which chooses today between John Kerry and George Bush, is as divided as at any time in its history.
Headline and first §§, I, 2.11.2004,
An online pay-per-view showing of Michael Moore's controversial anti-Bush documentary "Fahrenheit 9/11" will be released on the eve of the US presidential election, the Internet movie provider CinemaNow has announced. US viewers can see the film on Monday by logging on to the company's website paying to view. It also will be made available in December. "We're thrilled that the people behind 'Fahrenheit 9/11' have recognised the power of digital distribution," Marvis said.
Fahrenheit 9/11 wins
online release, PA, 31.10.2004,
NEW YORK (Reuters) - Mattel Inc (MAT.N: Quote, Profile, Research) on Monday posted a better-than-expected 12 percent increase in quarterly earnings, as the weak dollar and strong sales of toy cars and American Girl dolls offset slumping Barbie sales. Mattel Earnings
Rise; Barbie Sales Wilt, R, 19.7.2004,
Special motorway lanes to fast-track commuters to work if they share their cars are set to be launched in a radical bid to ease Britain's congestion crisis and cut pollution.
Motorway fast lane for
car share commuters:
Charles, 73, died Thursday at his Beverly Hills home surrounded by family and friends. His more-than-50-year career included dozens of hits and nearly non-stop touring, and gave him millions of other friends worldwide.
Can't stop loving the legendary Ray
Charles sound, USA T, 10.6.2004,
FREED bomb-hoax girl Samantha Marson spoke of her joy at returning to Britain yesterday —and said of her airport joke: "It was so stupid.
My bomb joke was so stupid, NoW, 8.2.2004,
A row about the commercial rights to the Spanish surrealist Salvador Dalí's work threatens to mar his centenary celebrations, being held around the world, according to a friend who claims the rights are his.
Dalí
biographer seeks peace in battle for rights, G, 14.1.2004,
Les deux énoncés suivants montrent bien qu'en anglais, l'infinitif (to -> Base Verbale) - l'infinitif est un mode - ne doit pas être confondu avec la base verbale (de laquelle procèdent toutes les formes :
learn -> he learns -> he is learning -> he learned -> he has learned, etc.).
Sauf exceptions (certaines structures verbales et questions en What + BV) l'opérateur to fait entrer le verbe en scène, dans le mode infinitif.
Cet opérateur joue ici le rôle d'un "metteur en syntaxe".
On ne pourrait pas dire :
* ??? come here and see 100 years of the Daily Mirror on display is inspiring.
"To come here and see 100 years of the Daily Mirror on display is inspiring."
Old the front page:
Science museum shows how Daily Mirror made history,
To blame Orson Welles for the shameful lack of opportunities for women is idiotic. Orson and the women, GI, p.17, 2.9.2003.
Christie's is also effectively gagging one of its former senior employees who discovered the probable location of the painting and would like to tell the Jewish family who say they owned it before the war.
The picture is a Venetian scene by the 18th century Italian master Michele Marieschi and would be worth about £250,000 if sold with good title.
Christie's hides behind
confidentiality over painting stolen by Gestapo:
Scientists have solved the mystery of why some smokers get lung cancer while others escape - and developed a blood test to identify those most at risk. They have found a genetic variation that makes some smokers ten times as likely as others to get the disease. Test will show which smokers face lung cancer death, T, p. 4, 3.9.2003.
Parents whose own immunity has worn off may be passing potentially lethal whooping cough to their babies, scientists at the health protection agency suggest today. Whooping cough still a threat to babies, GI, p. 6, 25.8.2003.
She added that homosexuals kissing in public was a criminal offence in some countries.
After 28 years, the union
of Alex and Ian has finally got official blessing...,
US officials said the British man arrested on Tuesday for attempting to smuggle a surface-to-air missile from Russia into New Jersey believed he was selling weapons to Islamic terrorists bent on shooting down a commercial airliner. UK flights to Saudi Arabia cancelled on fear of attacks, FT, p. 1, 14.8.2003.
Whereas during the first Gulf War in 1991 one in 50 personnel on the ground was a private contractor, that number had grown to one in 10 by this year's Gulf war - driven by the need to reduce the cost of the logistics. But war cannot only be about costs. And this trend raises troubling questions. Does being able to outsource the cost of combat more cheaply [ gérondif ] lower the barriers to war?
The business of war gets murkier:
Though it is unclear how sucessfully MI6 used the FA, it did use businessmen, notably Greville Wynne, the go-between with Oleg Penkovsky, the Russian spy who passed on vital information about the limited nature of Russia's arms programme during the 1962 Cuban missile crisis.
MI6 plotted spying role for arts, sport and trade,
The career criminal shot and injured by Tony Martin as he led the raid on his remote farmhouse was yesterday given the go-ahead to sue the jailed farmer for damages.
Burglar has right to sue Tony Martin, judge
rules,
Britain's leading employers' organisation, the CBI, yesterday demanded a cut in interest rates to rescue Britain's manufacturing sector. The call came after the organisation's latest snapshot of industry found weakness in global trading conditions was spreading to the domestic market.
CBI pleads for rapid rate cut,
Seeing the late jazz diva play live was a thrilling but dangerous experience, as Keith Shadwick recalls
The other side of Nina Simone,
When Griffin, the photographer and I approach, Dolly comes up to us and sticks her muzzle between the bars of her gate, but doesn't vocalise. When Wilmut appears, she lets forth a husky bleat. Whether she recognises him or is simply protesting against his maroon-and-Prussian-blue-check jacket is not clear. Tears of a clone, GE/GE2, p. 2, 19.4.2002.
"To say I was surprised to win is a serious understatement," she said. Former popcorn queen scoops literary prize, GE, p. 5, 18.4.2003.
How has Jeffrey Archer really reacted to life inside prison? Is he his usual cocky self? Or has being locked up ground him down? 'As a con, he's just a beginner', GE/GE2, p.2, 7.4.2003.
A cult which believes that humans were first created by aliens claimed yesterday that it had won the clandestine and increasingly bizarre race to produce a human clone. Cult scientists claim first human cloning, GE, p. 1, 28.12.2002.
Rob Marshall's film version of the jazz age musical takes us right back to an era of high-living, nightclubs, sexual decadence, teetering on the abyss of financial ruin - the 1970's.
Murder, she sang / Film of the week / Chicago,
"Philip Noyce's adaptation of Graham Greene's novel is a masterpiece" The Quiet American, ad, TLS, dernière page, 22.11.2002.
Bizarrely, everyone Archer meets seems eager to share their secrets with him - or, helpfully, to reveal other people's secrets. Stale porridge, GE2, p.7, 9.10.2002.
Voir aussi > Anglonautes > Grammaire anglaise explicative - niveau avancé
adjectif > détermination du nom
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