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learning > grammaire anglaise - niveau avancé
groupe verbal > expressions du futur
futur programmé
valeurs énonciatives : inéluctabilité, effet d'annonce, décision officielle / irrévocable
be + toviseur -> Base Verbale
Ministers are to launch a £4 million drive to recruit men...
be + toviseur -> have + verbeau participe passé
The former world chess champion Garry Kasparov has cancelled a visit to Jerusalem this week, during which he was to have played against a super-computer, because a bank there is threatening to sue him for a £1m debt.
be + toviseur -> be + verbeau participe passé ( infinitif passif )
Saudi Student Is to Be Arraigned in Bomb Plot
ellipse de be
Nsujet + Ø + toviseur -> adverbe + Base Verbale
Biden Ø to quickly sign orders mandating masks, reversing trump travel ban and more
Nsujet + Ø + toviseur -> Base Verbale
Biden to Speak on Rout of Afghan Government
12.30pm Iran Ø to free British sailors
Agencies Wednesday June 23, 2004
Images of the British sailors were
broadcast on Iranian TV.
after straying into its territorial waters are to be released, Downing Street confirmed today.
The Guardian headline and §1 23 June 2004
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/jun/23/
Iraq Ø to take custody of Saddam
12.45pm: Saddam Hussein and up to 11 other "high value" detainees will be transferred from US to Iraqi legal custody tomorrow, Iraqi PM says. Militants murder soldier hostage Interactive guide: Iraq handover The Guardian frontpage headline 29.6.2004
Labour Ø to ban public smoking
A ban on smoking in public places similar to that in Ireland will form part of Labour's third term manifesto, according to draft policy documents. The Guardian frontpage headline 30 June 2004
Actif
beverbe conjugué + toviseur -> Base Verbale (BV)
Passif
beverbe conjugué + toviseur -> beauxiliaire non conjugué + verbeau participe passé
Sens
Dans cette structure, to vise une action importante, à caractère souvent officiel / cérémonial, qui doit se produire dans un futur proche.
Cette action est présentée / annoncée comme prévue, programmée (scheduled), organisée, planifiée, décidée, inéluctable.
beverbe conjugué + toviseur-> BV se traduit par "devoir" ou "aller".
be est souvent omis dans les titres d'articles :
Saudi Student Ø to Be Arraigned in Bomb Plot
February 25 [ Friday] , 2011 The New York Times By CHARLIE SAVAGE and SCOTT SHANE
WASHINGTON — A 20-year-old Saudi college student was scheduled to be arraigned in Texas on Friday morning for what federal officials sai was a plot to carry out terrorist attacks inside the United States.
Saudi Student to Be
Arraigned in Bomb Plot,
U.N. Ø to Meet on Sanctions for Libya as Revolt Deepens
February 25, 2011 The New York Times By KAREEM FAHIM and DAVID D. KIRKPATRICK
BENGHAZI, Libya — International efforts to stem the bloodshed in Libya appeared to gain momentum on Friday, with the United Nations Security Council scheduled to meet to discuss a draft proposal for sanctions against Libyan leaders and NATO convening an emergency session in Brussels.
U.N. to Meet on
Sanctions for Libya as Revolt Deepens,
Julian Assange Ø to be extradited toprépoosition Sweden
WikiLeaks founder handed verdict at Belmarsh magistrates court
Thursday 24 February 2011 11.23 GMT Guardian.co.uk Esther Addley and Alexandra Topping
WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange is to be extradited toprépoosition Sweden to face allegations of rape and sexual assault. Julian Assange to be extradited to Sweden,
Michael Jackson Ø to be buried at Los Angeles cemetery
Singer to be interred in private ceremony attended by friends and family
Thursday 3 September 2009 07.43 BST Guardian.co.uk Lee Glendinning
Michael Jackson is to be buried today in a private ceremony attended by his family and friends.
The pop star's family will inter him at the Holly Terrace in the Great Mausoleum at the Forest Lawn cemetery, in Los Angeles, at 7pm (3am Friday BST).
The burial comes more than two months after 50-year-old Jackson died at his rented home in the city as a result of acute intoxication by the anaesthetic propofol, and almost two months after a public memorial ceremony for him. Last week, the LA county coroner revealed that Jackson's death had been ruled to be homicide, but no charges have yet been filed. The singer had originally been due to be buried on 29 August – the day he would have celebrated his 51st birthday. However, the date was revised to give the family more time to plan the ceremony. It is believed they intend to purchase
12 burial spaces surrounding Jackson's
grave. authorised the estate to pay for the burial after lawyers for Jackson's mother, Katherine,
asked for the
expenses to be signed off. for the Jackson estate's administrators, said: "The expenses are extraordinary. However, Michael Jackson was extraordinary." Stars [ sous-entendu : who are ] believed to be buried [ infinitif passif, et non structure annonciative be + to -> Base Verbale ] at Glendale, which opened in 1906, include the Hollywood actors Humphrey Bogart, Errol Flynn and Clark Gable.
Michael Jackson to be
buried at Los Angeles cemetery,
Nuance -> insertion de l'adverbe likely entre be et to.
Cette insertion permet de présenter l'événement comme probable, soumis à certaines conditions, et non plus inéluctable :
The effort to identify the victims of the World Trade Centre attack is likely to continue for years, according to the scientist leading the project. (Delay in naming Sept 11 victims, GE, p. 6, 10.1.2003).
Au passé, be + to -> Base Verbale exprime l'idée de destinée.
L'événement est "historicisé" -> énoncé 4.
Ne pas confondre be + to -> Base Verbale avec be + about to -> Base Verbale (événement / fait imminent) :
According to the composer Hubert Parry (best known for writing the music to the hymn Jerusalem), word had got around London's music scene that an extraordinary event was about to take place.
GE/Review, 'The Black Dvorak', p. 5, 3.1.2003
Remarquer à nouveau l'ellipse possible de be [ Ø = is / are ] (titres en 1-2 et texte en 3).
1 - The parents of an 11-year-old girl are to take the extraordinary step of having her fitted with a microchip so that her movements can be traced if she is abducted.
Girl
[
Ø = is ]
to get tracker implant to ease parents' fear,
2 - Billy Elliot [ Ø = is ] to make stage debut
The story of a young boy's desire to make art in the face of macho derision and against the backdrop of the 1984 miners' strike is to be translated from screen to stage.
Headline and sub,
3 - A new television adaptation of the 1913 DH Lawrence novel Sons and Lovers, [ Ø = which is ] to be screened early in the new year on ITV1, features more love scenes and explicit nudity than any TV drama in recent years.
Actors bear much for
Lawrence classic,
4 - Jean-Marie Messier (pictured) spent $100bn to transform a dull French water company into the world's second largest media group, Vivendi Universal. But his love of deal-making, self-promotion and risk was to be his downfall. [ rétro forme : "devait causer sa chute" - idée de destinée ]
The
rise and fall of Vivendi,
Highlights from hours of unseen fly-on-the-wall footage taken during the Beatles' crucial and chaotic first visit to America in 1964 are to be seen for the first time.
Revealed: unseen pictures of The Beatles in America
500 paedophiles [ Ø = are ] to be tracked by satellite tags
Paedophiles are to be electronically tagged in the UK for the first time in a move that could prompt a revolution in the treatment and monitoring of sex offenders. A British company is to hold talks with Ministers in the next few weeks with a view to launching a Home Office-backed trial involving between 100 and 500 child sex offenders. It is also talking to government officials in the United States, Italy and Ireland and is to tag a number of paedophiles who have volunteered to wear the device. Headline and first/second paragraph, O, 21.9.2003, https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/sep/21/ childprotection.ukcrime
The former world chess champion Garry Kasparov has cancelled a visit to Jerusalem this week, during which he was to have played against a super-computer, because a bank there is threatning to sue him for a £1m debt. Kasparov's Jerusalem visit checked, GE, p. 6, 8.1.2003.
In the 1830s Chicago was a minor fort and trading post in swampland at the edge of Lake Michigan. Within 70 years it was to become the nation's second city, the first great urban creation of advanced capitalism where transcontinental time was standardised to make sure trains ran on time, products were turned into commodities in the grain elevators that 'banked' wheat, a recalcitrant river had its direction reversed, and the first skyscrapers went up to exploit valuable real estate and celebrate the aspirations of its builders. Chicago bares little, O, Review, p. 13, 29.12.2002.
Unprecedented security is to surround Europe's most popular New Year Festival, the Hogmany celebrations in Edinburgh, because of speculation that al-Quaeda terrorists could attack revellers.
Terror alert at Hogmany party,
Violent computer games are to be regulated by a film-style classification system that will warn parents about graphic sex or horrific images.
Children's computer games to be censored,
Ministers are to launch a £4 million drive to recruit men as childcare workers across England amid concern that they are being put off by public suspicion over their motives for working with children.
£4m campaign to bring men
into childcare jobs,
Tony Blair is to meet the German chancellor, Gerhard Schröder and the French president, Jacques Chirac, in a bid to rebuild relations in the wake of the war in Iraq.
Sub headline,
Voir aussi > Anglonautes > Grammaire anglaise explicative - niveau avancé
groupe verbal > expressions du futur
toviseur
-> Base Verbale ≠ topréposition
(reprise) + N
fiction du jamais dit > toviseur -> Base Verbale
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