Arts > Movies > Directors > Timeline (I)

20th, 21st century

Australia, Canada, Hong-Kong,

Europe, Mexico, NZ, UK, USA

Carol Lynley and a supporting cast of off-putting dolls

in Otto Preminger’s “Bunny Lake Is Missing” (1965).

Photograph: Sony Pictures Entertainment

Deciding Whether to Trust Your Senses. Or Not.

New on Disc:

Preminger’s ‘Bunny Lake Is Missing’ and ‘Skidoo’

NYT

JAN. 23, 2015

https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/25/
movies/homevideo/new-on-disc-premingers-bunny-lake-is-missing-and-skidoo.html

Roger Corman    USA    1926-2024

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Roger_Corman

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Roger_Corman_filmography

https://www.theguardian.com/film/article/2024/may/12/
roger-corman-cinemas-pulp-genius-
whose-talent-to-shock-was-rocket-fuel

https://www.npr.org/2024/05/12/
521916134/roger-corman-the-b-movie-legend-who-launched-a-list-careers-
dies-at-98

https://www.theguardian.com/film/gallery/2024/may/12/
roger-corman-a-career-in-pictures

https://www.theguardian.com/film/article/2024/may/12/
roger-corman-hollywood-mentor-and-king-of-the-b-movie-
dies-aged-98

https://www.npr.org/2011/12/16/
143465200/corman-king-of-the-bs-and-a-nice-guy-besides

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/may/19/
roger-corman-interview-cannes

Norman Jewison    Canada    1926-2024

Director best known for

In the Heat of the Night,

who saw film not only as entertainment

but as a vehicle to confront racism

and other socio-political issues

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2024/jan/23/
norman-jewison-obituary

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2024/jan/23/
norman-jewison-obituary

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Norman_Jewison

https://www.npr.org/2024/01/22/
523024777/norman-jewison-dead-fiddler-on-the-roof

https://www.theguardian.com/film/gallery/2024/jan/23/
norman-jewison-director-death-97-canada-
fiddler-on-the-roof-moonstruck-career-timeline-bio

https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/22/
movies/a-norman-jewison-retrospective-at-lincoln-center.html

https://www.npr.org/2011/05/22/
136497164/norman-jewisons-50-years-in-film-a-true-superstar

https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/14/
movies/new-york-moonstruck-hits-us-heart-
broadcast-aims-for-head-misses.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/16/
movies/film-moonstruck-with-italians-in-love.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1975/06/26/
archives/film-futuristic-world-of-rollerball.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/09/
archives/modpop-superstar-comes-toscreen.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1968/06/27/
archives/screen-the-thomas-crown-affairfilm-stars-mcqueen-and-faye-dunaway.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1967/08/03/
archives/screen-in-the-heat-of-the-night-a-racial-drama-poitier-plays.html

Horace Shango Ové    Trinidad, UK    1936-2023

born Horace Courtenay Jones

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Horace_Ové

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/oct/24/
horace-ove-black-british-cinema-bfi-radical-vision

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/sep/17/
horace-ove-obituary

https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/sep/16/
horace-ove-pioneering-black-british-film-maker-dies-aged-86

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/jun/21/
banned-knighted-horace-ove-
godfather-black-british-film-making-pressure-police-brutality-reggae

https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/aug/25/
photographer-horace-ove-best-shot

William Friedkin    USA    1935-2023

Robert / Bob Rafelson    USA    1933-2022

https://www.npr.org/2022/07/24/
1113310570/bob-rafelson-dies-monkees

https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/20/
movies/a-new-postman-always-rings-twice.html

Jean-Marc Vallée    Canada    1963-2021

https://www.npr.org/2021/12/27/
1068239434/jean-marc-vallee-death

Melvin Van Peebles    USA    1932-2021

 (born Melvin Peebles)

A fertile creative force,

he wrote fiction and musicals

but is best known

for a breakthrough movie

that heralded the genre

known as blaxploitation.

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/22/
movies/melvin-van-peebles-champion-of-new-black-cinema-dies-at-89.html

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/sep/23/
melvin-van-peebles-obituary

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/22/
movies/melvin-van-peebles-champion-of-new-black-cinema-dies-at-89.html

https://www.npr.org/2021/09/22/
1039885282/melvin-van-peebles-dies-at-89

Robert John Elias Jr.    USA    1936-2021

His movies,

most notably “Putney Swope,”

didn’t make a lot of money.

But they attracted a lot of attention

and influenced

a lot of younger directors.

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/07/
movies/robert-downey-sr-dead.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/07/
movies/robert-downey-sr-dead.html

Richard Donner    USA    1934-2021

Richard Donner    USA    1934-2021

born Richard Donald Schwartzberg

Mr. Donner was in his late 40s

when he made his first blockbuster,

“Superman,”

reviving a comic-book hero

who hadn’t been seen onscreen

since the 1950s television series

“Adventures of Superman.”

The film opened in 1978,

introducing Mr. Reeve,

a relative unknown at the time,

as the Man of Steel

and some state-of-the-art

special effects.

“If the audience

didn’t believe he was flying,

I didn’t have a movie,”

Mr. Donner told Variety in 1997.

That megahit was followed

by “Inside Moves” (1980),

a drama about a man crippled

in a failed suicide attempt

(Janet Maslin wrote

in The New York Times

that Mr. Donner had directed it

“with a surprising gentleness”);

“The Toy” (1982),

with Richard Pryor,

whose character

finds himself hired

to be the plaything

of a spoiled rich child;

“The Goonies” (1985),

about misfit children

on a treasure hunt;

the first of four

“Lethal Weapon” movies (1987),

starring Mr. Gibson

and Danny Glover;

and “Scrooged” (1988),

an irreverent comic

take on Charles Dickens’s

“A Christmas Carol,”

starring Bill Murray.

https://www.npr.org/2021/07/05/
1013205964/richard-donner-dies-directed-the-goonies-superman-and-lethal-weapon

https://www.npr.org/2021/07/05/
1013205964/richard-donner-dies-directed-the-goonies-superman-and-lethal-weapon

Michael Apted    UK    1941-2021

Eclectic director

of documentaries and feature films,

from Seven Up! to James Bond

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/jan/10/
michael-apted-obituary

https://www.theguardian.com/film/
michael-apted

https://www.npr.org/2021/01/15/
956820352/remembering-michael-apted-creator-of-the-up-documentary-series

https://www.npr.org/2021/01/10/
955384385/remembering-director-michael-apted

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/jan/09/
michael-apted-1941-2021-tributes-paid-to-visionary-director-of-up-series

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/jan/08/
michael-apted-a-wonderful-film-maker-who-understood-how-class-shapes-us-all

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/jan/10/
michael-apted-obituary

https://www.npr.org/2021/01/08/
955128728/michael-apted-director-of-the-up-documentary-series-dies-at-79

https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2012/may/13/
profile-michael-apted

https://www.theguardian.com/film/video/2010/dec/09/
1

https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/03/
movies/review-film-val-kilmer-as-an-fbi-agent-among-the-sioux.html

Monte Hellman    USA    1929-2021

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/apr/27/
monte-hellman-obituary

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/apr/21/
monte-hellman-two-lane-blacktop-reservoir-dogs-dies-aged-91

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/21/
movies/monte-hellman-dead.html

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/jan/29/
two-lane-blacktop-classic-dvd

https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/10/
movies/monte-hellmans-road-to-nowhere-review.html

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/sep/16/
monte-hellman-two-lane-blacktop-road-movie

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/16/movies/16hellman.html

Joan Micklin    USA    1935-2020

Joan Micklin Silver in the late 1970s

while filming an adaptation of the Ann Beattie novel

“Chilly Scenes of Winter.”

She had a love-hate relationship

with movie studios.

Photograph: United Artists,

via Photofest

Joan Micklin Silver, Director of ‘Crossing Delancey,’ Dies at 85

She broke barriers for women, directing seven feature films,

including “Hester Street” and “Between the Lines,”

as well as TV movies.

NYT

Jan. 1, 2021

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/01/
movies/joan-micklin-silver-dead.html

filmmaker whose first feature,

“Hester Street,”

expanded the marketplace

for American independent film

and broke barriers

for women in directing

(...)

Ms. Silver wrote and directed

“Hester Street” (1975),

the story of a young Jewish

immigrant couple from Russia

on the Lower East Side

of Manhattan in the 1890s.

It was a personal effort,

a low-budget

34-day location shoot,

that became a family project.

Studios said the story

was too narrowly

and historically ethnic.

For one thing,

much of the film,

in black and white,

was in Yiddish

with English subtitles.

“Nobody wanted to release it,”

Ms. Silver recalled

in a visual history interview

for the Directors Guild of America

in 2005.

“The only offer was to release it

on 16 to the synagogue market,”

she added,

referring to 16-millimeter film.

Ms. Silver’s husband,

Raphael D. Silver,

a commercial real estate developer,

stepped in to finance, produce

and even distribute the film

after selling it

to some international markets

while attending

the Cannes Film Festival.

“Hester Street” opened

at the Plaza Theater

in Manhattan in October 1975,

then in theaters nationwide,

and soon earned $5 million

(about $25 million today),

almost 14 times

its $370,000 budget.

(Ms. Silver sometimes cited

an even lower budget figure:

$320,000.)

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/01/
movies/joan-micklin-silver-dead.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/01/
movies/joan-micklin-silver-dead.html

Alan Parker    UK    1944-2020

With Gene Hackman [ left ]

during the making of Mississippi Burning, 1988.

Photograph: Robert R McElroy

Getty Images

Alan Parker – a life in pictures

Film director Alan Parker has died at the age of 76.

Here we look back at his multi-award winning career,

including hits such as Bugsy Malone, Evita and Midnight Express

G

Fri 31 Jul 2020    18.49 BST

https://www.theguardian.com/film/gallery/2020/jul/31/
alan-parker-a-life-in-pictures

https://www.theguardian.com/film/
alan-parker

https://www.theguardian.com/film/gallery/2020/jul/31/
alan-parker-a-life-in-pictures

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/jul/31/
alan-parker-a-maker-of-glorious-films-with-a-gift-for-connecting-with-audiences

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/may/22/
my-favourite-film-aged-12-bugsy-malone

http://www.theguardian.com/media/video/2013/jun/20/alan-parker-video-interview

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2000/jan/07/guardianinterviewsatbfisouthbank1

https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/05/
movies/l-mississippi-burning-blacks-and-the-box-office-566389.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/13/
movies/l-fbi-is-a-strange-hero-for-mississippi-burning-852689.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/08/
movies/film-view-mississippi-burning-generating-heat-light-taking-risks-illuminate.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/09/
movies/review-film-retracing-mississippi-s-agony-1964.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/04/
movies/film-fact-vs-fiction-in-mississippi.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/21/
movies/the-screen-alan-parker-s-birdy.html

https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/jul/15/
pink-floyd-the-wall-film-review-1982

https://www.nytimes.com/1976/09/16/
archives/bugsy-malone-puts-youth-in-20s-gang-movies.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midnight_Express_(film) - 1978

John Daniel Singleton    USA    1968-2019

John Singleton ('s) powerful debut film,

“Boyz N the Hood,”

earned him an Oscar nomination

for best director,

the first for an African-American

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/29/
obituaries/john-singleton-dead.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/12/
movies/boyz-n-the-hood-john-singleton.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/30/
movies/john-singleton-poetic-justice.html

https://www.npr.org/2019/04/29/
718219541/john-singleton-pioneering-director-of-boyz-n-the-hood-dies-at-51

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/29/
obituaries/john-singleton-dead.html

Lawrence George Cohen    USA    1936-2019

writer and director

whose wide-ranging career

included mainstream

television series,

outlandish horror movies

featuring killer babies

and killer yogurt, slick thrillers

and even a few blaxploitation films

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/26/
obituaries/larry-cohen-dead.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/26/
obituaries/larry-cohen-dead.html

Stanley Donen        USA        1924-2019

Stanley Donen (...)

directed Fred Astaire

dancing on the ceiling,

Gene Kelly singing in the rain

and a host of other

sparkling moments

from some of Hollywood’s

greatest musicals

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/23/
obituaries/stanley-donen-dead.html

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/feb/23/
stanley-donen-director-singin-in-the-rain-dies

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/23/
obituaries/stanley-donen-dead.html

https://www.npr.org/2012/08/09/
158489285/60-years-later-still-singin-in-the-rain

https://www.npr.org/templates/
story/story.php?storyId=1150720 - September 27, 2002

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2000/feb/06/
100-top-film-moments-saving-private-ryan-taxi-driver

Jonas Mekas    Lithuania, USA    1922-2019

Mr. Mekas in one of his best-known autobiographical films,

“Lost, Lost, Lost,” from 1976.

Chronicling his own life in words and moving pictures

became a vast, almost lifelong project.

Photograph: Kino Lorber

Jonas Mekas, ‘Godfather’ of American Avant-Garde Film, Is Dead at 96

NYT

Jan. 23, 2019

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/
obituaries/jonas-mekas-dead.html

Influential figure

in American

underground cinema,

as a perceptive critic

and a maker of films

that celebrated

‘little moments

of paradise’ in his life

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/jan/24/
jonas-mekas-obituary

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/may/29/
fragments-of-paradise-review-
broadly-sketched-portrait-of-film-maker-jonas-mekas

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/jan/24/
jonas-mekas-obituary

Lewis Gilbert    UK    1920-2018

Gilbert (...)

may have been best known

for his three 007 films,

but it’s the films he made

about working class life

that are his great achievement

https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2018/feb/28/
lewis-gilbert-master-craftsman-bond-working-class-trilogy-alfie

https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2018/feb/28/
lewis-gilbert-master-craftsman-bond-working-class-trilogy-alfie

John Guilbert Avildsen    USA    1935-2017

Film director

with an eye for the underdog

who made two Rocky films

and The Karate Kid

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/jun/19/
john-avildsen-obituary

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/jun/19/
john-avildsen-obituary

https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/17/
533333494/john-avildsen-oscar-winning-director-of-rocky-and-karate-kid-
dies-at-81

Robert Jonathan Demme    USA    1944-2017

https://www.npr.org/tags/126949943/
jonathan-demme

https://www.npr.org/2017/04/27/
525844510/jodie-foster-remembers-her-mentor-jonathan-demme-who-died-at-73

https://www.theguardian.com/film/gallery/2017/apr/26/
jonathan-demme-silence-of-the-lambs-film-a-life-in-pictures

https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2017/04/26/
525756211/david-byrne-remembers-jonathan-demme-collaborating-on-stop-making-sense

https://www.npr.org/series/pop-culture-happy-hour/2017/04/26/
525716786/jonathan-demme-and-the-simple-power-of-the-close-up

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/26/
movies/jonathan-demme-dead-movie-director-oscar-winner.html

https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/26/
525714291/jonathan-demme-director-of-silence-of-the-lambs-dies-at-73

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/07/movies/
review-ricki-and-the-flash-puts-meryl-streep-behind-a-telecaster.html

https://www.npr.org/sections/talk/2007/11/
demme_producer_writer_director.html

https://www.npr.org/2006/02/09/
5194173/heart-of-gold-neil-young-and-jonathan-demme

https://www.theguardian.com/film/1998/oct/10/2 

https://www.theguardian.com/film/
News_Story/Critic_Review/Guardian_review/0,,530779,00.html 

https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/22/
movies/review-film-philadelphia-tom-hanks-aids-victim-who-fights-establishment.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/14/
movies/review-film-methods-of-madness-in-silence-of-the-lambs.html 

https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/19/
movies/movies-talking-heads-in-stop-making-sense.html

Guy Hamilton    UK    1922-2016

director whose emphasis

on fast pacing and witty repartee

made “Goldfinger” a model

for the James Bond films to follow,

and who directed

three more installments

in the series

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/22/
movies/guy-hamilton-director-of-goldfinger-dies-at-93.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/22/
movies/guy-hamilton-director-of-goldfinger-dies-at-93.html

Robin Hardy    UK    1929-2016

https://www.theguardian.com/film/gallery/2023/aug/31/
the-fool-and-the-fury-behind-the-scenes-of-the-wicker-man-
in-pictures - Guardian pictures gallery

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jul/04/
robin-hardy-obituary

https://www.theguardian.com/film/
the-wicker-man

Wesley Earl "Wes" Craven    USA    1939-2015

https://www.theguardian.com/film/
wes-craven

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/aug/31/
wes-craven-nightmare-on-elm-street-and-scream-director-dies-at-76

http://www.npr.org/2015/08/31/
436291657/rest-in-peace-wes-craven-the-rest-of-us-sure-wont

http://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2015/aug/31/
wes-craven-professional-scaremonger-who-rewrote-the-horror-film-rules

http://www.theguardian.com/film/gallery/2015/aug/31/
wes-craven-his-life-and-career-in-pictures

http://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2015/aug/31/
wes-craven-the-mainstream-horror-maestro-inspired-by-ingmar-bergman

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/aug/31/
wes-craven-nightmare-on-elm-street-and-scream-director-dies-at-76

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/31/movies/
wes-craven-a-master-of-slasher-horror-films-dies-at-76.html

http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/08/30/
436171462/wes-craven-master-horror-movie-director-dies-at-76

Paul Almond    Canada    1931-2015

Canadian director

whose television film “Seven Up!”

examined the lives of a group

of midcentury British children

and became the basis

of the documentary series

that has followed them

into middle age

(...)

One of the most

highly regarded

documentaries of all time,

the “Up” series,

as it is collectively known,

is most closely associated

with Michael Apted,

who directed all

but the inaugural

installment.

But it was Mr. Almond

who helped

conceive that film,

first shown

on British television

in 1964.

Forty minutes long

and shot in black and white,

“Seven Up!” examined

the enduring British class system

through the lives of 14 7-year-olds

from across the socioeconomic

spectrum.

He can be heard

asking the children

— 10 boys and four girls —

questions about family, love

and adult aspirations.

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/
arts/television/paul-almond-the-director-of-seven-up-dies-at-83.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/
arts/television/paul-almond-the-director-of-seven-up-dies-at-83.html

http://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2015/apr/15/
paul-almond-director-seven-up-dies-aged-83

Richard Leland Bare    USA    1913-2015

director whose career

began during World War II

and who became

a Hollywood mainstay

in the early days of television

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/13/
arts/richard-l-bare-director-of-green-acres-dies-at-101.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/13/
arts/richard-l-bare-director-of-green-acres-dies-at-101.html

Mike Nichols    USA    1931-2014

 Nichols in rehearsal

for a production of “Journey to the Day” in 1960.

Photograph from CBS Photo Archive/Getty Images

 1931-2014

Mike Nichols

The writer-director Nicole Holofcener

on the film that ruined adulthood.

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/12/25/
magazine/2014-the-lives-they-lived.html 

Mike Nichols

(born Mikhail Igor Peschkowsky)

one of America’s

most celebrated directors,

whose long, protean résumé

of critic- and crowd-pleasing work

earned him adulation

both on Broadway

and in Hollywood

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/21/
movies/mike-nichols-celebrated-director-dies-at-83.html

https://www.npr.org/2021/02/03/
963543661/legendary-director-mike-nichols-is-as-brilliant-as-he-is-enigmatic-
in-new-biogra

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/21/
opinion/graduate-vietnam-movie.html

https://www.npr.org/2016/01/29/
464781450/revisiting-the-craft-and-vision-graduate-director-mike-nichols

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/21/
movies/mike-nichols-celebrated-director-dies-at-83.html

https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/11/20/
365403720/award-winning-director-mike-nichols-dies-at-83

Andrew Victor McLaglen    USA    1920-2014

British-born director

whose work in American westerns

on television and in the movies

starred such notable screen

cowpokes, gunslingers and lawmen

as John Wayne, Clint Eastwood,

James Arness and James Stewart

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/04/
arts/andrew-mclaglen-director-of-westerns-dies-at-94.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/04/
arts/andrew-mclaglen-director-of-westerns-dies-at-94.html

Richard Samuel Attenborough    UK    1923-2014

Richard Attenborough

(...)

after a distinguished stage

and film acting career in Britain

reinvented himself to become

the internationally admired director

of the monumental “Gandhi”

and other films

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/25/
arts/richard-attenborough-actor-director-and-giant-of-british-cinema-dies-at-90.html

http://www.theguardian.com/film/
richard-attenborough

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/25/
arts/richard-attenborough-actor-director-and-giant-of-british-cinema-dies-at-90.html

http://www.theguardian.com/film/video/2014/aug/25/
richard-attenborough-best-movie-scenes

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/aug/25/
richard-attenborough-tribute-david-puttnam

http://www.theguardian.com/film/gallery/2014/aug/24/
richard-attenborough-dies-gallery

http://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2014/aug/24/
richard-attenborough-a-career-in-clips

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/aug/24/
richard-attenborough-death-sad-british-film-industry

http://www.theguardian.com/film/live/2014/aug/25/
richard-attenborough-dies-at-90-the-world-reacts

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/aug/24/
richard-attenborough-died-aged-90

http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/sep/06/
tsunami2004.worldcinema

Brian Geoffrey Hutton    USA    1935-2014

Brian G Hutton

(...)

directed

Where Eagles Dare (1968)

and Kelly's Heroes (1970),

second world war pictures

starring Clint Eastwood

that are among

the most popular films

ever made.

In these two huge

box-office hits,

Hutton demonstrated

that he could handle

action sequences with aplomb

and coax nuanced

performances from his actors

within the limited confines

of adventure movies.

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/aug/24/brian-g-hutton

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/aug/24/
brian-g-hutton

Irwin Mazursky    USA    1930-2014

innovative director

and screenwriter

who both satirized

and sympathized with America’s

panorama of social upheavals

in the late 1960s and ’70s

in films that included

“Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice,”

“Blume in Love”

and “An Unmarried Woman”

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/02/arts/paul-mazursky-director-dies-at-84.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/02/
arts/paul-mazursky-director-dies-at-84.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1978/03/05/
archives/an-unmarried-woman-film-with-jill-clayburghthe-cast.html

Alain Resnais    FR    1922-2014

https://www.nytimes.com/1976/10/10/
archives/alain-resnais-the-man-who-makes-movies-of-the-mind-
alain-resnais.html

Bryan Forbes    UK    1926-2013

Creative force

in British film industry

who worked on movies

including The Stepford Wives

and Whistle Down the Wind

https://www.theguardian.com/film/gallery/2013/may/09/
bryan-forbes-pictures

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/may/09/
bryan-forbes-obituary

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/may/08/
bryan-forbes-dies

Taylor Mead    USA    1924-2013

poet, actor

and exuberant bohemian

who colluded with Andy Warhol

in the 1960s to nurture

a new approach

to making movies

— sometimes spontaneously,

always inexpensively

(hand-held 16-millimeter

cameras sufficed)

and brashly experimental

(one film consisted

of an hourlong shot

of Mr. Mead’s bare posterior)

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/10/
movies/taylor-mead-bohemian-and-actor-dies-at-88.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/10/
movies/taylor-mead-bohemian-and-actor-dies-at-88.html

Harold Michael Gray    USA    1935-2013

writer and filmmaker

who tackled thorny

contemporary issues

in his work, including

race relations in Chicago,

American drug policy and,

most notably, the safety

of nuclear power plants

— the subject of the 1979 film

“The China Syndrome,”

for which he wrote

the original screenplay —

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/04/arts/mike-gray-china-syndrome-writer-dies-at-77.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/04/
arts/mike-gray-china-syndrome-writer-dies-at-77.html

Gerry Anderson    UK    1929-2012

 (born Gerald Alexander Abrahams)

British filmmaker

who transformed

old-fashioned puppets

into futuristic action heroes

in the 1960s

in the hugely popular

children’s show

“Thunderbirds,”

and later cast

real people in series

including “U.F.O.”

and “Space: 1999”

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/28/
arts/television/gerry-anderson-animator-of-puppetry-dies-at-83.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/28/
arts/television/gerry-anderson-animator-of-puppetry-dies-at-83.html

Anthony David Scott / Tony Scott    UK    1944-2012

director of exuberant action films

including "Top Gun" and "Unstoppable"

and a prolific producer

of television shows and commercials

in partnership with his older brother,

Ridley Scott

http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html
?res=9502E4DB163AF932A1575BC0A9649D8B63&ref=tonyscott

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/dec/22/
tony-scott-obituary-keira-knightley

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/07/
movies/tony-scotts-suicide-complicates-top-gun-3d-project.html

https://www.theguardian.com/film/gallery/2012/aug/20/
tony-scott-career-pictures

https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2012/aug/26/
tony-scott-own-story

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/aug/20/
tony-scott-days-of-thunder

https://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/20/
director-tony-scott-jumps-to-his-death-from-los-angeles-bridge/

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/aug/20/
tony-scott-films-glowing-years

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/aug/20/
tony-scott-director-dies

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/aug/20/
tony-scott

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2006/dec/15/denzelwashington.actionandadventure

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/oct/10/
1

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/oct/08/
3

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/aug/06/
2

https://www.npr.org/templates/story/
story.php?storyId=1848602 - April 23, 2004

https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/21/
movies/film-review-there-s-a-price-to-pay-for-kidnapping-little-girls.html

Donald Herman Sharp    Australia    1922-2011

veteran film director

who had never watched a horror movie

until Hammer Films

— the English studio

described, usually admiringly,

as dripping cinematic blood —

enlisted him in the mid-1960s

to help revivify its presentation

of Gothic terror

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/23/
movies/don-sharp-director-dies-at-89-revived-hammer-horror-films.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/23/
movies/don-sharp-director-dies-at-89-revived-hammer-horror-films.html

Ken Russell    UK    1927-2011

English filmmaker and writer

whose outsize personality

matched the confrontational

brashness of his movies,

among them “Women in Love”

and “The Devils”

https://www.theguardian.com/film/
ken-russell 

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/nov/22/
tommy-review-ken-russells-the-who-rock-opera-pinball-wizard

https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2016/nov/29/
ken-russell-post-war-london-in-pictures-rolleicord-teddy-girls

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/29/
arts/ken-russell-controversial-director-dies-at-84.html

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/nov/28/
ken-russell

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/nov/28/
ken-russell-dies-aged-84

Jordan Belson    USA    1926-2011

an experimental filmmaker

whose work

— abstract, mutable and hypnotic —

is a series of studies of color,

movement and light

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/12/
movies/jordan-belson-experimental-filmmaker-dies-at-85.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/12/
movies/jordan-belson-experimental-filmmaker-dies-at-85.html

George Andrew Kuchar    USA    1942-2011

filmmaker whose campy yet ardent

low-budget movies

inspired underground directors

like John Waters and David Lynch

in the 1960s,

and helped kindle the do-it-yourself

moviemaking aesthetic now ubiquitous

on YouTube

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/08/
movies/george-kuchar-underground-filmmaker-dies-at-69.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/08/movies/
george-kuchar-underground-filmmaker-dies-at-69.html

Sidney Lumet    USA    1924-2011

director who preferred

the streets of New York

to the back lots of Hollywood

and whose stories of conscience

— “12 Angry Men,” “Serpico,”

“Dog Day Afternoon,”

“The Verdict,” “Network” —

became modern

American film classics

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/10/
movies/sidney-lumet-director-of-american-classics-dies-at-86.html

https://www.theguardian.com/film/
sidney-lumet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Sidney_Lumet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Sidney_Lumet_filmography

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/aug/16/
serpico-review-al-pacino-is-at-his-intense-best-in-classic-70s-corrupt-cop-thriller

https://www.npr.org/2017/08/28/
546733177/celebrating-30-years-of-fresh-air-prolific-filmmaker-sidney-lumet

https://www.npr.org/2017/08/28/
546831908/fresh-air-30-elia-kazan-kirk-douglas-sidney-lumet

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/apr/12/
philip-french-classic-dvd-network-sidney-lumet-faye-dunaway-peter-finch

http://www.npr.org/2011/04/15/
135409975/sidney-lumet-a-director-who-gave-actors-his-all

https://www.npr.org/2011/04/15/
135409975/sidney-lumet-a-director-who-gave-actors-his-all

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2011/apr/10/sidney-lumet-career-director-clips

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2011/apr/10/sidney-lumet-obituary

https://www.npr.org/2011/04/09/
135275073/award-winning-director-sidney-lumet-dies

https://www.theguardian.com/film/gallery/2011/apr/09/
sidney-lumet-films-in-pictures 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2011/apr/09/sidney-lumetdies-86

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/10/movies/
sidney-lumet-director-of-american-classics-dies-at-86.html

http://video.nytimes.com/video/2009/11/02/movies/1247465445450/
critics-picks-the-verdict.html

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/dec/16/
awardsandprizes.news

https://www.npr.org/2001/02/02/
1117995/film-director-sidney-lumet

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/
archives/serpico-the-saint-francis-of-copdom-saint-francis-of-cops.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1957/04/15/
archives/screen-
12-angry-men-jury-room-drama-has-debut-at-capitol.html

Peter Gerard Lennon    Ireland    1930-2011

http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2011/mar/20/
peter-lennon-obituary

Peter Yates    UK    1928-2011

four-time Oscar-nominated

British director of Bullitt,

Breaking Away and The Dresser

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2011/jan/10/peter-yates-bullitt-director-dies

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2011/jan/10/
peter-yates-bullitt-director-dies

Blake Edwards    USA    1922-2010

 (born William Blake Crump)

writer and director

who was hailed

as a Hollywood master

of screwball farces

and rude comedies

like “Victor/Victoria”

and the “Pink Panther” movies

https://www.theguardian.com/film/
blake-edwards 

https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/17/
movies/17edwards.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2010/dec/16/blake-edwards-obituary

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/filmblog/2010/dec/16/blake-edwards-life-in-clips

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/gallery/2010/dec/16/1

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/dec/16/blake-edwards-dies-88

Isadore / Irvin Kershner    USA    1923-2010

film director

who made name-brand

Hollywood movies

with name-brand

Hollywood stars

— including

“The Empire Strikes Back,”

the second film in the original

“Star Wars” trilogy —

without ever becoming

a name brand himself

https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/30/
movies/30kershner.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/30/
movies/30kershner.html

https://www.theguardian.com/film/gallery/2010/dec/02/
irvin-kershner-photos-empire-strikes-back 

http://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/
MovieDetails/55837 - The Return of a Man Called Horse - 1976

George Hickenlooper    USA    1963-2010

director whose credits include

an Emmy-winning documentary

about the making

of “Apocalypse Now”

and a film starring Kevin Spacey

as the disgraced lobbyist

Jack Abramoff

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/01/movies/01hickenlooper.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/01/
movies/01hickenlooper.html

Roy Ward Baker     UK    1916-2010

director who made

A Night to Remember,

the 1958 film recounting

the final night

aboard the Titanic

(...)

He started out as

an assistant director

on Alfred Hitchcock's

The Lady Vanishes

in London in 1938.

After serving in the army

during the second world war,

he went to Hollywood,

where he directed

Marilyn Monroe

in the 1962 movie

Don't Bother to Knock.

He later returned to England

where he directed a number

of television dramas including

The Avengers, The Persuaders

and Minder.

During the latter half of his career,

Ward Baker directed

a number of British horror films

including the 1970 flick

The Vampire Lovers,

as well as Scars of Dracula,

which was followed

by The Vault of Horror in 1973.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2010/oct/08/television

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2010/oct/08/
television

Arthur Penn    USA    1922-2010

stage, television

and motion picture director

whose revolutionary treatment

of sex and violence

in the 1967 film

“Bonnie and Clyde”

transformed

the American film industry

https://www.theguardian.com/film/
arthur-penn

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/03/weekinreview/03dave.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2010/sep/29/arthur-penn-obituary

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/30/movies/30penn.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2010/sep/29/arthur-penn-bonnie-clyde

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Arthur_Penn

https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/12/
movies/12scot.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/filmblog/2007/feb/14/arthurpenn

https://www.nytimes.com/1976/05/20/
archives/missouri-breaks-offbeat-western.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1976/05/16/
archives/what-made-hollywood-hop-back-in-the-saddle-again-
hollywood-is-back.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1976/01/02/
archives/easy-actors-road-was-hard-riding.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1975/10/12/
archives/the-conquering-antihero-
his-portrayals-of-losers-and-misfits-allow.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1975/09/21/
archives/i-just-want-to-be-normally-insane-brando-
i-just-want-to-be-normally.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1975/07/07/
archives/penn-is-shooting-a-new-western-in-montana.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1971/07/24/
archives/pravda-finds-little-big-man-exposes-crimes-of-capitalism.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1971/02/21/
archives/dustin-calls-him-grandpa-chief-dan-george.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1970/12/15/
archives/film-seeking-the-american-heritage-dustin-hoffman-stars-in-little.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1969/08/25/
archives/movie-of-arlo-guthries-alices-restaurant-opens.html

https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1967/10/21/
bonnie-and-clyde

https://www.nytimes.com/1962/05/24/
archives/screenthe-miracle-worker-opens-william-gibson-drama-at-two-theatres.html

Clive Donner    UK    1926-2010

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/09/arts/television/09donner.html

Joseph Ezekiel Strick    USA    1923-2010

Academy Award-winning

director,

screenwriter and producer

known for filming

the unfilmable

— in particular weighty,

bawdy literary works

whose screen adaptations

often ran afoul

of censors worldwide

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/08/arts/08strick.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2010/jun/17/joseph-strick-obituary

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/08/arts/08strick.html

Ronald Neame    UK    1911-2010

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/19/
movies/19neame.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/13/
archives/screen-poseidon-adventure-arrivesliner-disaster-
opens-the-national.html

Dennis Lee Hopper    USA    1936-2010

Dennis Hopper ('s)

portrayals of drug-addled,

often deranged misfits

in the landmark films

“Easy Rider,”

“Apocalypse Now”

and “Blue Velvet”

drew on his early

out-of-control experiences

as part of a new generation

of Hollywood rebel

https://www.theguardian.com/film/
dennis-hopper 

http://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2010/06/02/127375345/hopper - June 2, 2010

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=127307586 - June 1, 2010

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=127273585 - May 30, 2010

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2010/may/30/dennis-hopper-uneasy-rider - May 29, 2010

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/30/movies/30hopper.html

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=123235973

https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE64S1OJ
20100529

https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE64S1QZ
20100529

https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE64S1RH
20100529 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2010/jan/07/dennis-hopper-dies-74

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/11/movies/11dargis.html

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=103744891 - May 2, 2009

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2007/jul/04/art.usa

Joseph William Sarno    USA    1921-2010

sexploitation film director

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/03/
arts/03sarno.html

Jack Cardiff    UK    1914-2009

film director and cinematographer

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2009/apr/23/
jack-cardiff-obituary

Robert Mulligan    USA    1925-2008

Hollywood director

best known

for the 1962 classic film

“To Kill a Mockingbird”

(...)

Mr. Mulligan received

an Academy Award nomination

for the film,

based on Harper Lee’s

Pulitzer Prize-winning novel

about rape, racism and injustice

in the Depression-era South.

Gregory Peck won an Oscar

for his portrayal

of Atticus Finch,

the Alabama lawyer

who defends a black man

(played by Brock Peters)

falsely accused

of raping a white woman.

The film also won Oscars

for its screenplay,

by Horton Foote,

and for art direction.

Mr. Mulligan’s

other notable films

include “Summer of ’42”

(1971),

about an affair

between a youth

and an older woman;

“Up the Down Staircase”

(1967),

from Bel Kaufman’s novel

about a New York City

schoolteacher;

and “Inside Daisy Clover”

(1965),

from Gavin Lambert’s novel

about the out-of-control life

of a young film star.

His last film was

“The Man in the Moon”

(1991),

a coming-of-age story

set in 1950s Louisiana.

https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/23/
movies/23mulligan.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2008/dec/23/
obituary-robert-mulligan

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2008/dec/22/
film-director-robert-mulligan-dies-aged-83

https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/23/
movies/23mulligan.html

Jules Dassin    USA    1911-2008

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/apr/02/obituaries.mainsection 

http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/film/2008/04/remembering_jules_dassin.html

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/apr/11/johnpatterson.charltonheston 

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/01/movies/01dassin.html

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2002/aug/02/artsfeatures1 

Sydney Irwin Pollack    USA    1934-2008

http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/09/04/
437648259/aretha-franklin-blocks-premiere-of-concert-film-amazing-grace

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/28/movies/28poll.html

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/may/27/obituaries.news 

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/may/27/obituaries 

http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/film/2008/05/pollack_blog.html

http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/film/2008/05/sydney_pollack_on_youtube.html

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=90849612 - May 27, 2008

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=90836312 - May 26, 2008

http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/video/2008/may/27/sydneypollack

http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/gallery/2008/may/27/1?picture=334410903

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4616788 - April 23, 2005

https://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idUSN26356013
20080527

https://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idINN26163642
20080527 

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/27/movies/27pollack.html

Anthony Minghella    UK    1954-2008

https://www.theguardian.com/film/anthonyminghella/0,,2266376,00.html  

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/18/movies/18cnd-minghella.html

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2003/dec/11/1 

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2000/feb/16/awardsandprizes 

Stuart Rosenberg    USA    1927-2007

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/21/
archives/film-effective-laughing-policemanthe-cast.html

https://www.nytimes.com/watching/
recommendations/watching-film-cool-hand-luke - 1967

Richard O. Fleischer    USA    1916-2006

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Richard_Fleischer

https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/27/
movies/richard-fleischer-director-of-popular-films-is-dead-at-89.html  

https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/mar/28/
guardianobituaries.usa

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/04/20/
archives/screen-soylent-green.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1966/09/08/
archives/screen-fantastic-voyage-is-all-thatsciencefiction-movie-opens-at-2.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1958/06/15/
archives/a-norse-western-kirk-douglas-the-vikings-covers-familiar-film.html

Robert Altman    USA    1925-2006

https://www.theguardian.com/film/
robertaltman

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/jun/17/
robert-altmans-20-best-films-ranked

https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/21/
movies/22altmancnd.html

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2006/feb/01/theatre.arthurmiller 

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2001/oct/18/news2 

https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/18/
movies/celebrating-robert-altman-and-his-most-loved-films.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/29/
movies/robert-altman-very-much-a-player-again.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1977/06/19/
archives/robert-altman-talks-about-his-life-and-his-art-robert-altman-talks.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1976/06/25/
archives/screen-altmans-buffalo-bill.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1975/06/12/
archives/nashville-lively-film-of-many-parts.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1974/09/29/
archives/let-us-now-praisenot-overpraiserobert-altman-let-us-now-praisenot.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1970/01/26/
archives/mash-film-blends-atheism-gore-humor.html

Gordon Parks    USA    1912-2006

photographer, film director,

author and musician

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/24/
lens/shaft-gordon-parks-photos.html

http://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/mar/09/
guardianobituaries.usa

http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/08/
arts/design/08parks.html

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2006/mar/08/
news 

Robert Wise    USA    1914-2005

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Wise#Filmography

http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/15/
arts/15wise.html

Russ Meyer    USA    1922-2004

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/sep/22/
news.xanbrooks 

Michael Leighton George Relph    UK    1915-2004

https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/oct/08/
guardianobituaries.film 

Larry Buchanan (Marcus Larry Seale Jr)    USA    1923-2004

cinema shlockmeister,

he made Z-movies that appalled

and delighted audiences

http://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/jan/06/guardianobituaries.film

http://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/jan/06/
guardianobituaries.film

John Schlesinger    USA    1926-2003

Academy-Award-winning

director of "Midnight Cowboy"

whose other films

— including "Billy Liar,"

"Sunday, Bloody Sunday"

and "Darling" — often captured

the plight of individuals

grasping for life support

in contemporary society

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/26/obituaries/26SCHL.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/02/
movies/jerome-hellman-dead.html

https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/mar/20/
shooting-midnight-cowboy-review-glenn-frankel

https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/
978090926/shooting-midnight-cowboy-turns-an-eye-to-a-dark-problematic-masterpiece

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/may/24/
midnight-cowboy-50th-anniversary-x-rated-best-picture-winner

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2003/jul/29/
artsfeatures

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2003/jul/27/
features.review1

https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/jul/26/
guardianobituaries.filmnews

https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/jul/26/
guardianobituaries.filmnews  - July 25, 2003

https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/jul/26/guardianobituaries.filmnews

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2003/jul/26/features.comment 

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/26/obituaries/26SCHL.html

https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1357409

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon_Man_(film) - 1976

https://www.nytimes.com/1976/10/07/
archives/marathon-man-thriller-of-a-film.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1971/11/28/
archives/bloody-sunday-is-my-reality.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1971/10/03/
archives/sunday-without-tears-without-pity-sunday-without-tears.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1969/05/26/
archives/film-midnight-cowboy-dustin-hoffman-and-jon-voight-are-starred.html

Elia Kazan    USA    1909-2003

Billy Wilder    USA    1906-2002

Almost all the 25 films

Billy Wilder made

as a writer-director

displayed his slashing wit

and stinging social satire.

Yet no other major filmmaker

slipped so easily

into so many genres.

http://topics.nytimes.com/
top/reference/timestopics/people/w/billy_wilder/index.html - broken link

https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/billy-wilder

https://www.theguardian.com/film/billywilder

https://www.pbs.org/wnet/cinemasexiles/biographies/the-directors/billy-wilder/107/ 

https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/billy-wilder-about-billy-wilder/733/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Billy_Wilder

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Billy_Wilder_filmography

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/jun/05/
how-the-acclaimed-billy-wilder-tried-and-failed-to-snub-hollywood

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/20/
books/when-raymond-chandler-went-to-work-for-billy-wilder.html

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/jun/15/
the-apartment-billy-wilder-jack-lemmon

https://www.npr.org/2019/07/31/
746391982/double-indemnity-is-75-but-anklets-and-film-noir-are-forever

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/aug/01/
sunset-boulevard-what-billy-wilders-satire-really-tells-us-about-hollywood

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/jul/18/some-like-it-hot-marilyn-monroe-bfi-restored

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/jun/09/john-patterson-billy-wilder 

http://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/29/
us/billy-wilder-master-of-caustic-films-dies-at-95.html

https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/jul/16/cyprus

https://www.theguardian.com/film/1999/oct/14/
3

https://www.nytimes.com/1974/12/19/
archives/wilders-uneven-film-of-front-pagethe-cast.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2001/04/10/
sunset_boulevard_1950_review.shtml

https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/18/
archives/avanti-another-billy-wilder-farce-stars-jack-lemmon.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1963/06/06/
archives/the-screen-wilders-irma-la-douceshirley-maclaine-and-jack-lemmon.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1960/06/16/
archives/screen-busy-apartmentjack-lemmon-scores-in-billy-wilder-film.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1959/03/30/
archives/screen-2hour-comedy.html

https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/12/27/
specials/wilder-witness.html - February 7, 1958

https://www.nytimes.com/1958/02/07/
archives/screen-witness-for-the-prosecution-laughton-is-starred-in-courtroom.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1957/08/24/
archives/the-screen-billy-wilders-love-in-the-afternoon-arrives-film-at.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1956/04/27/
archives/new-movie-deal-for-billy-wilder-signed-to-direct-witness-for-the.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1954/09/23/
archives/screen-sabrina-bows-at-criterion-billy-wilder-produces-and-directs.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1953/01/25/
archives/on-the-local-screen-scene-billy-wilder-catching-the-seven-year-itch.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1953/07/02/
archives/two-new-films-arrive-stalag-17-emerges-as-taut-film-with-william.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1951/06/30/
archives/the-screen-in-review-ace-in-the-hole-billy-wilder-special-with-kirk.html

https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/
books/98/12/27/specials/wilder-sunset.html - August 11, 1950

https://www.nytimes.com/1945/12/03/
archives/the-screen-the-lost-weekend-in-which-ray-milland-presents-a-study.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1944/09/07/
archives/the-screen-double-indemnity-a-tough-melodrama-with-stanwyck-and.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1942/09/17/
archives/the-screen-the-major-and-the-minor-a-charming-comedyromance-with.html

John Michael Frankenheimer    USA    1930-2002

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/13/
opinion/frankenheimer-seconds-movie.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/31/
movies/jeanne-moreau-dead.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/07/
nyregion/john-frankenheimer-dead-72-
resilient-director-feature-films-tv-movies.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1975/05/19/
archives/screen-popeye-doylefrench-connection-ii-is-very-different.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1965/03/18/
archives/burt-lancaster-stars-in-train-a-thriller.html

Karel Reisz    Czech / UK    1926-2002

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Karel_Reisz

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Free_Cinema

http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/444789/index.html

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/mar/16/
betsy-blair-obituary

https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/may/22/
featuresreviews.guardianreview12  

https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/nov/28/
guardianobituaries.filmnews

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2001/mar/22/
artsfeatures

https://www.nytimes.com/1981/09/18/
movies/the-french-lieutenant-s-woman.html

Stanley Kramer    USA    1913-2001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Stanley_Kramer

https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1139664
- March 10, 2002

https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/21/
movies/stanley-kramer-filmmaker-with-social-bent-dies-at-87.html 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1179924.stm
- 20 February 2001

https://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/feb/21/
guardianobituaries.filmnews

https://www.nytimes.com/1963/11/07/
archives/kramer-defends-press-junket-for-mad-mad-world-preview-250000-movie.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1961/12/20/
archives/the-screen-judgment-at-nurembergpalace-shows-stanley-kramer.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1960/09/10/
archives/stanley-kramer-turns-to-humor-producerdirector-plans-big-film.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1958/09/25/
archives/screen-a-forceful-social-drama-the-defiant-ones-has-debut-at.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1957/07/07/
archives/pride-without-passion-stanley-kramer-piles-on-the-obvious-in-a.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1952/12/31/
archives/the-screen-in-review-stanley-kramers-production-of-the-member-of.html

Oscar "Budd" Boetticher Jr    USA    1916-2001

matador

and then a maverick

movie-maker who shot

classic B westerns

but never made it

on to the A list

of Hollywood directors

http://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/dec/03/
guardianobituaries.filmnews

http://www.theguardian.com/news/2001/dec/03/
guardianobituaries.filmnews

Joseph H. Lewis    USA    1907-2000

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/05/
obituaries/peggy-cummins-seductive-star-of-a-cult-film-
dies-at-92.html

Henry Richard "Huntz" Hall    USA

1920-1999

Huntz Hall (...)

for 20 years

played the slow-witted

sidekick of Leo Gorcey

in more than 80

''Bowery Boys,''

''Dead End Kids''

and ''East Side Kids'' movies

https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/02/
arts/huntz-hall-perpetual-youth-in-bowery-films-dies-at-78.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/02/
arts/huntz-hall-perpetual-youth-in-bowery-films-dies-at-78.html

Charles Crichton    UK    1910-1999

https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/
obituary-charles-crichton-1119361.html

Abraham Polonsky    USA    1910-1999

director and screenwriter

who was  an early Hollywood

master of film noir

and who worked

under many disguises

after being blacklisted

in the McCarthy era

(...)

His movies included

''Force of Evil,'' a 1948 film

about racketeering

in which he directed

the actor John Garfield.

In 1996

Stephen Holden,

the New York Times film critic,

describing

that performance and others,

wrote that ''you can still feel

the dangerous urban-realist kick''

although the work came from

''a time when Hollywood films

still aspired to a genteel,

upper-middle-class sense

of values.''

The previous year,

Mr. Polonsky had won

an Oscar nomination

for writing the screenplay

for ''Body and Soul,''

in which Garfield played

a money-mad boxer.

In the early 1950's,

Mr. Polonsky refused to testify

about his Communist Party

affiliations

or name party members.

His refusal prompted

20th Century Fox to fire him.

He was then unable to find work

under his own name

for nearly two decades;

he had only nine films

to his credit.

http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/29/
movies/abraham-polonsky-88-dies-director-damaged-by-blacklist.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/10/
movies/the-blacklist-at-lincoln-center-and-anthology-film-archives.html

http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/29/
movies/abraham-polonsky-88-dies-director-damaged-by-blacklist.html

Leslie Clark Stevens IV    USA    1924-1998

writer,

director and producer

who achieved success

on Broadway, in Hollywood

and on television

with plays like

''The Marriage-Go-Round,''

films like

''The Left-Handed Gun''

and television series like

''The Outer Limits''

(...)

Mr. Stevens first made his mark

Off Broadway

in 1953 with ''Bullfight,''

and after several

other productions

he succeeded on Broadway

with the 1958 comedy

''The Marriage-Go-Round.''

That same year,

he went to Hollywood

and wrote, co-produced

and directed his first film,

''Private Property.''

This inspection of a Don Juan

who plots the seduction

of a well-to-do housewife

was a success that brought

Mr. Stevens to 20th Century Fox

to adapt

''The Marriage-Go-Round''

(1960).

https://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/01/
arts/leslie-stevens-74-entertainment-producer-director-and-writer.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/01/
arts/leslie-stevens-74-entertainment-producer-director-and-writer.html

Alan Jay Pakula    USA    1928-1998

http://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2013/nov/19/
the-parallax-view-kennedy-assassination

https://www.nytimes.com/1974/06/20/
archives/screen-villains-abound-in-parallax.html

Shirley Clarke    USA    1919-1997

Dancer, bride, runaway wife,

radical filmmaker and pioneer

— Shirley Clarke

is one of the great

undertold stories

of American independent

cinema.

A woman working

in a predominantly male world,

a white director who turned

her camera on black subjects,

she was a Park Avenue rich girl

who willed herself to become

a dancer and a filmmaker,

ran away to bohemia,

hung out with the Beats

and held to her own vision

in triumph and defeat.

She helped inspire

a new film movement

and made urgently

vibrant work that blurs

fiction and nonfiction,

only to be marginalized,

written out of histories

and dismissed

as a dilettante.

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/29/
movies/the-shirley-clarke-project-by-milestone-films.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/29/
movies/the-shirley-clarke-project-by-milestone-films.html

Fred Zinnemann    Australia, USA    1907-1997

director

who grappled with issues

of moral courage

in such Academy

Award-winning films

as ''From Here to Eternity''

in 1953

and ''A Man for All Seasons''

in 1966

(...)

Mr. Zinnemann

also filmed ''The Search,''

a poignant 1948 account

of the plight of Europe's

war orphans;

''The Men,''

Carl Foreman's

compassionate 1950 study

of paraplegic veterans,

and Foreman's

suspenseful western

''High Noon,'' which won

the 1952 best-director

and best-movie awards

from the New York critics.

''From Here to Eternity,''

Dalton Trumbo's

forceful adaptation

of James Jones's novel

about the prewar Army,

won eight Oscars

and earned Mr. Zinnemann

best-director awards

from both

the New York Film Critics

and the Screen Directors Guild.

''A Man for All Seasons,''

Robert Bolt's drama

about Sir Thomas More's

steadfast defiance of Henry VIII,

won six Academy Awards

and the best-director

and best-movie awards

from the New York critics.

At the core

of Mr. Zinnemann's finest films

lay a crisis of moral courage

that challenged a character

to face his conscience

and test his integrity.

https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/15/
movies/fred-zinnemann-director-of-many-classics-dies-at-89.html 

https://www.pbs.org/wnet/cinemasexiles/biographies/the-directors/
biography-fred-zinnemann/109/

https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/15/
movies/fred-zinnemann-director-of-many-classics-dies-at-89.html

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/jul/24/
high-noon-movie-1952-gary-cooper

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/sep/18/
john-patterson-from-here-to-eternity

https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/15/
movies/fred-zinnemann-director-of-many-classics-dies-at-89.html  

https://www.nytimes.com/1952/07/25/
archives/the-screen-in-review-high-noon-a-western-of-rare-achievement-is-new.html

Samuel Fuller    USA    1912-1997

Saul Bass    USA    1920-1996

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/07/
arts/design/saul-bass-made-the-title-sequence-into-a-film-star.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1974/10/21/
archives/ants-are-the-stars-of-phase-iv-the-cast.html

Louis Malle    FR / USA    1932-1995

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Louis_Malle

Gordon William Flemyng    UK    1934-1995

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Gordon_Flemyng

https://www.theguardian.com/film/gallery/2022/jul/08/
daleks-dr-doctor-who-films-peter-cushing-in-pictures

Ida Lupino    UK / USA    1918-1995

earthy, intelligent

movie actress who created

a luminous gallery

of worldly wise villainesses,

gangster's molls

and hand-wringing neurotics

(...)

In the early 1950's,

she directed and helped write

successful low-budget movies

on such sensitive issues

as illegitimacy

("Not Wanted"),

rape

("Outrage")

and pathological murder

("The Hitch-Hiker").

http://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/05/
obituaries/ida-lupino-film-actress-and-director-is-dead-at-77.html

http://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/05/
obituaries/ida-lupino-film-actress-and-director-is-dead-at-77.html

Lindsay Gordon Anderson    UK    1923-1994

Lindsay Anderson's tragedy

was that his combative

temperament,

allied with a total

refusal to compromise,

resulted in so many battles

and so few films.

His natural domain

was the moral high ground,

from which he looked down

at everyone else

with the arrogance

of a cultural laird.

Ask anyone

who knew Anderson

or had dealings with him

and one word tends

to spring to mind - 'prickly'.

He was a difficult man,

but intensely likeable

and invigorating to be with;

and he may well have been

the single most

important individual

in the post-war British

cinema.

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-lindsay-anderson-1445974.html

https://www.theguardian.com/film/
lindsay-anderson

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/jul/07/
dead-dogs-capitalist-critique-and-only-four-songs-
when-wham-squashed-lindsay-andersons-china-film

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/apr/17/
the-director-who-dared-to-tell-uncomfortable-truths-
lindsay-anderson-at-100

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/sep/19/
drama

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/sep/19/
drama

https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/dec/05/
film

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2002/feb/24/
features

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2002/feb/15/
artsfeatures

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2000/may/14/
biography.film

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/
obituary-lindsay-anderson-1445974.html

Michael Derek Elworthy Jarman    UK    1942-1994

Over three decades

from the 70s to the 90s,

Derek Jarman

had carved out a reputation

as Britain's leading

experimental film-maker,

an artist-poet of the screen

who gave us films

such as Sebastiane,

Caravaggio and The Garden.

http://www.theguardian.com/film/video/2014/apr/11/
tilda-swinton-gospel-according-to-saint-derek-jarman - broken link

http://www.theguardian.com/film/
derek-jarman

https://www.theguardian.com/culture/gallery/2020/feb/19/
derek-jarman-and-friends-in-dungeness-unseen-pictures

http://www.theguardian.com/film/video/2014/apr/11/
tilda-swinton-gospel-according-to-saint-derek-jarman

http://www.theguardian.com/film/video/2014/apr/10/
the-gospel-according-to-st-derek-jarman-documentary-video

http://www.theguardian.com/film/video/2008/feb/26/derek.jarman

http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/nov/02/arts.artsnews 

Joseph Leo Mankiewicz    USA    1909-1993

https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/24/
movies/the-sometimes-bumpy-ride-of-being-joseph-mankiewicz.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1993/02/06/
movies/joseph-l-mankiewicz-literate-skeptic-of-the-cinema-
dies-at-83.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/11/
archives/screen-fun-and-gadgetry-of-sleuth-mankiewicz-directs-anthony.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1970/12/26/
archives/screen-there-was-a-crooked-man-and-a-mythmankiewicz-western-begins.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1954/09/30/
archives/the-screen-in-review-the-barefoot-contessa-arrives-at-capitol.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1951/08/30/
archives/the-screen-three-newcomers-on-local-scene-people-will-talk-novelty.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1950/10/14/
archives/the-screen-in-review-bette-davis-and-anne-baxter-star-in-all-about.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1950/08/17/
archives/the-screen-two-newcomers-on-local-scene-no-way-out-fox-film-study.html

John Eliot Sturges    USA    1911-1992

director of action films

like "The Magnificent Seven,"

"The Great Escape,"

"Gunfight at the O K Corral"

and "Ice Station Zebra"

(...)

Mr. Sturges's movies

were often mean and muscular

and celebrated situations

involving tough men

in desperate situations.

He gave starring roles

to Steve McQueen,

Charles Bronson

and James Coburn

in "The Magnificent Seven"

in 1960

and "The Great Escape"

in 1963.

Lee Marvin

and Ernest Borgnine

earned wide recognition

in "Bad Day at Black Rock,"

for which Mr. Sturges

was nominated

for an Academy Award

for direction in 1955.

(...)

Mr. Sturges directed

more than 40 documentary films

when he was

in the Army Air Corps

in World War II.

He enjoyed making movies

about the war

and once said they were about

"why our side won."

http://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/22/arts/john-sturges-film-director-is-dead-at-82.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
John_Sturges

http://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/22/
arts/john-sturges-film-director-is-dead-at-82.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1963/08/08/
archives/screen-pows-in-great-escapeinmates-of-nazi-camp-are-stereotypical.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1960/11/24/
archives/screen-on-japanese-idea-magnificent-seven-a-us-western-opens.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1955/02/02/
archives/screen-drama-at-rivoli-spencer-tracy-seen-in-bad-day-at-black-rock.html

Jack Arnold    USA    1916-1992

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Arnold_(director)

Cecil Antonio Richardson    UK    1928-1991

known as Tony Richardson

https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2018/apr/10/
how-we-made-a-taste-of-honey-rita-tushingham

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/mar/30/
look-back-in-anger-review-john-osbourne-tony-richardson-richard-burton

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/aug/30/
tony-richardson-classics-mademoiselle

https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/mar/27/
featuresreviews.guardianreview15

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2001/mar/22/
artsfeatures

https://www.nytimes.com/1982/01/29/
movies/jack-nicholson-in-the-border.html

William Gerald Forbes (Bill) Douglas    UK    1934-1991

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/jul/18/
comrades-tolpuddle-martyrs-bill-douglas

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/jun/27/
dvdreviews.drama

https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2008/jun/20/
filmandmusic1.filmandmusic5

https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2008/jun/20/
filmandmusic1.filmandmusic6

https://www.nytimes.com/1983/05/18/
movies/movie-trilogy-on-a-life.html

Donald Siegel    USA    1912-1991

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/dec/23/
dirty-harry-clint-eastwood-70s-antihero

http://www.theguardian.com/film/video/2014/oct/30/
why-invasion-of-the-bodysnatchers-is-the-film-to-watch-this-week-video-review

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/feb/23/killers-lee-marvin-ronald-reagan-dvd

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/13/movies/13mccarthy.html

Frank Capra    Italy, USA    1897-1991

 born Francesco Rosario Capra

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Frank_Capra

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Frank_Capra_filmography

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2024/feb/23/
it-happened-one-night-90th-anniversary

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/dec/14/
its-a-wonderful-life-review-frank-capra-christmas-rerelease

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/11/
movies/its-a-wonderful-life-review.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1946/12/23/
archives/the-screen-in-review-at-three-theatres-its-a-wonderful-life-with.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1939/10/20/
archives/the-screen-in-review-frank-capras-mr-smith-goes-to-washington-at.html

Richard Thorpe    USA    1896-1991

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Thorpe 

Alan Clarke    UK    1935-1990

http://www.screenonline.org.uk/people/id/448390/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Clarke

Michael Latham Powell    UK    1905-1990

https://www.theguardian.com/film/
michael-powell

https://www.theguardian.com/film/gallery/2023/nov/13/
the-red-shoes-concept-designs-of-the-classic-film-in-pictures

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/oct/19/
i-know-where-im-going-review-powell-and-pressburger-classic-is-a-pure-joy

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/dec/05/
thelma-schoonmaker-
a-matter-of-life-and-death-scorsese-powell-and-pressburger

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/nov/04/
war-love-and-wierdness-a-matter-of-life-and-death-70-years-on

http://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2015/aug/18/
edge-of-the-world-by-michael-powell-a-gripping-voyage-into-the-past

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jun/21/
tales-of-hoffmann-dvd-review-philip-french-powell-pressburger-purest-film

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/may/20/
life-death-colonel-blimp-review

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/filmblog/2010/nov/16/
peeping-tom-pornography-press-camera

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/may/14/
scorsese-michael-powell-red-shoes

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/apr/22/
jack-cardiff-black-narcissus-cinematographer

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/jan/19/
kathleen-byron

https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2005/aug/05/3

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2005/jul/23/
film.jgballard

Martin Ritt    USA    1914-1990

director admired for making films

that explored moral choices

and reflected concern

for racially and economically

oppressed people

(...)

Beginning in 1957,

Mr. Ritt directed

and occasionally co-produced

25 diverse films, including

"Edge of the City,"

"The Long Hot Summer,"

"Hud,"

"The Spy Who Came In

From the Cold,"

"Sounder,"

"Pete 'n' Tillie,"

"Norma Rae,"

"Murphy's Romance,"

"Nuts"

and "Stanley and Iris."

Most of his films

were quietly moving studies

of human relationships,

punctuated by periodic hits

that gave the husky,

tough-minded director

freedom to deal with social issues

and the alienation of outsiders.

https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/11/
obituaries/martin-ritt-director-dead-at-76-maker-of-socially-conscious-films.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Martin_Ritt

https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/11/
obituaries/martin-ritt-director-dead-at-76-maker-of-socially-conscious-films.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/02/
archives/film-norma-rae-milltown-storyunionism-in-the-south.html

Jack Smith    USA    1932-1989

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/filmblog/2011/sep/23/
jack-smith-muse-maria-montez

Franklin J. Schaffner    USA    1920-1989

http://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/03/
obituaries/franklin-j-schaffner-dies-at-69-an-oscar-winning-film-director.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/17/
archives/the-screen-papillonescapist-film-stars-mcqueen-hoffman.html

https://www.theguardian.com/film/1968/mar/22/features
- Planet of the Apes - 1968

John Nicholas Cassavetes    GR, USA    1929-1989

https://www.theguardian.com/film/
johncassavetes

https://www.theguardian.com/film/Century_Of_Films/Story/
0,,365683,00.html 

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/04/
movies/ben-gazzara-actor-of-stage-and-screen-dies-at-81.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/29/
books/review/under-his-influence.html

https://www.npr.org/templates/story/
story.php?storyId=4167389 - November 12, 2004

https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/17/
movies/review-film-cassavetes-rowlands-and-the-play-within.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/04/
obituaries/john-cassavetes-major-director-in-us-cinema-verite-
dies-at-59.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/24/
movies/film-love-streams-with-john-cassavetes.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1980/10/01/
arts/cassavetess-gloria-moll-and-a-boy.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1974/11/19/
archives/film-under-influence.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1974/10/14/
archives/a-woman-under-influence-stars-gena-rowlands-as-frenetic-wifethe.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1971/12/23/
archives/film-by-cassavetes-takes-friendly-jabs.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1970/12/09/
archives/film-very-middleclass-friendshipcassavetes-falk-and-gazzara-in.html