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Joseph R. McCarthy 1908-1957
Senate Investigation Sub-Committee Sen. Mccarthy [ bottom left ], Senate Office Bldg.
Date taken: 1953
Photograph: George Skadding
Life Images
Marcia Virginia Hunt 1917-2022
Marsha Hunt (...) appeared in more than 50 movies between 1935 and 1949 and seemed well on her way to stardom until her career was damaged by the Hollywood blacklist, and (...), for the rest of her career, was as much an activist as she was an actress,
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/10/
https://www.npr.org/2022/09/10/
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/10/
Walter Bernstein 1919-2021
blacklisted Hollywood screenwriter
A second world war correspondent for the military who also had been published in The New Yorker, Bernstein was at the start of what seemed a promising film career when the cold war and anti-communist paranoia led to his being blacklisted in 1950, a fate which ruined the lives of many of his peers and led some to suicide.
(...)
Unwilling to provide the House Un-American Activities Committee names of suspected communists, the way director Elia Kazan and others had been spared from banishment, Bernstein found employment through the use of “fronts,” people willing to lend their names for scripts he had written.
While many were blacklisted just for supporting left-wing causes, Bernstein actually was a member of the American Communist party and remained so until 1956.
Bernstein would remember his decision with “relief” over no longer abiding Soviet dogma and “sadness” for the people who were fellow idealists.
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/jan/24/
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/jan/24/
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/23/
Kirk Douglas 1916-2020
(born Issur Danielovitch)
He decided not only to hire Dalton Trumbo — who had been blacklisted during the McCarthy era on suspicion of Communist sympathies — to write the screenplay, but also to put Mr. Trumbo’s name in the credits rather than one of the pseudonyms he had been using.
“We all had been employing the blacklisted writers,” Mr. Douglas wrote in a 2012 memoir, “I Am Spartacus!: Making a Film, Breaking the Blacklist.”
“It was an open secret and an act of hypocrisy, as well as a way to get the best talent at bargain prices. I hated being part of such a system.”
(Mr. Douglas’s role in Trumbo’s redemption — although some people say he overstated it — was dramatized in the 2015 biographical film “Trumbo,” a film he praised, telling The Telegraph of London that “its spirit is true to the man I admired.” Dean O’Gorman played Mr. Douglas.)
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/05/
https://www.theguardian.com/film/
https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2020/feb/06/
https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2020/feb/06/
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/feb/06/
https://www.npr.org/2020/02/05/
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/05/
Lauren Bacall 1924-2014
In 1947, as the House Un-American Activities Committee investigated Americans suspected of Communism, Ms. Bacall and Bogart flew to Washington as part of a group known as the Committee for the First Amendment.
Photograph: Associated Press
Lauren Bacall Dies at 89; in a Bygone Hollywood, She Purred Every Word NYT 12 August 2014
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/13/
actress whose provocative glamour elevated her to stardom in Hollywood’s golden age and whose lasting mystique put her on a plateau in American culture that few stars reach
(...)
With an insinuating pose and a seductive, throaty voice — her simplest remark sounded like a jungle mating call, one critic said — Ms. Bacall shot to fame in 1944 with her first movie, Howard Hawks’s adaptation of the Ernest Hemingway novel “To Have and Have Not,” playing opposite Humphrey Bogart, who became her lover on the set and later her husband.
(...)
In 1947, as the House Un-American Activities Committee investigated Americans suspected of Communism, Ms. Bacall and Bogart were among 500 Hollywood personalities to sign a petition protesting what they called the committee’s attempt “to smear the motion picture industry.”
Investigating individual political beliefs, the petition said, violated the basic principles of American democracy.
The couple flew to Washington as part of a group known as the Committee for the First Amendment, which also included Danny Kaye, John Garfield, Gene Kelly, John Huston, Ira Gershwin and Jane Wyatt.
“I am an outraged and angry citizen who feels that my basic civil liberties are being taken away from me,” Bogart said in a statement.
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/13/
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/13/
Murrey Marder 1919-2013
In nearly 40 years at The Washington Post, he embodied the role of public watchdog, becoming an emblem of meticulous, thorough news gathering when his persistence in laying bare the lies and exaggerations of Senator Joseph R. McCarthy’s anti-Communist crusade helped bring McCarthy to ruin.
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/20/us/
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/20/us/
Arthur Miller 1915-2005
one of the great American playwrights, whose work exposed the flaws in the fabric of the American dream
(...)
The author of "Death of a Salesman," a landmark of 20th-century drama, Mr. Miller grappled with the weightiest matters of social conscience in his plays and in them often reflected or reinterpreted the stormy and very public elements of his own life - including a brief and rocky marriage to Marilyn Monroe and his staunch refusal to cooperate with the red-baiting House Un-American Activities Committee. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/11/theater/newsandfeatures/11cnd-miller.html
https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/ref/theater/
https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/11/
http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2015/feb/23/
http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2014/apr/13/
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/feb/12/
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2005/feb/11/
https://www.theguardian.com/arts/pictures/
https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2005/feb/12/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/feb/12/
http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/11/
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jan/24/
https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2003/jul/26/theatre.artsfeatures
https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2003/jul/16/theatre.samanthaellis
https://www.theguardian.com/stage/1949/jul/30/
https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/ref/
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/7/
Elia Kazan 1909-2003
immigrant child of a Greek rug merchant who became one of the most honored and influential directors in Broadway and Hollywood history
(...)
Mr. Kazan also received an Oscar for lifetime achievement in 1999.
The lifetime achievement award was controversial because in 1952 Mr. Kazan angered many of his friends and colleagues when he acknowledged before the House Un-American Activities Committee that he had been a member of the Communist Party from 1934 to 1936 and gave the committee the names of eight other party members.
He had previously refused to do so, and his naming of names prompted many people in the arts, including those who had never been Communists, to excoriate him for decades.
Asked why he had identified others, he cited a ''specious reasoning which has silenced many liberals'' that ran like this:
''You may hate the Communists, but you must not attack them or expose them, because if you do you are attacking the right to hold unpopular opinions.''
https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/29/
https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/29/
https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/17/
http://video.nytimes.com/video/2011/01/10/
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/29/
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/sep/29/
1988 -
https://www.npr.org/2017/08/28/
https://www.nytimes.com/1972/02/03/
Abraham Polonsky 1910-1999
director and screenwriter who was an early Hollywood master of film noir and who worked under many disguises after being blacklisted in the McCarthy era
(...)
His movies included ''Force of Evil,'' a 1948 film about racketeering in which he directed the actor John Garfield.
In 1996 Stephen Holden, the New York Times film critic, describing that performance and others, wrote that ''you can still feel the dangerous urban-realist kick'' although the work came from ''a time when Hollywood films still aspired to a genteel, upper-middle-class sense of values.''
The previous year, Mr. Polonsky had won an Oscar nomination for writing the screenplay for ''Body and Soul,'' in which Garfield played a money-mad boxer.
In the early 1950's, Mr. Polonsky refused to testify about his Communist Party affiliations or name party members.
His refusal prompted 20th Century Fox to fire him.
He was then unable to find work under his own name for nearly two decades; he had only nine films to his credit.
http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/29/
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/10/
http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/29/
Roy Marcus Cohn 1927-1986
Roy Cohn, pictured here sitting on a senate investigation subcommittee, is remembered as a master political manipulator in Where's My Roy Cohn?
Credit: Sony Pictures Classics
Documentary 'Where's My Roy Cohn?' Suggests He's Closer Than You Think NPR September 19, 2019 5:00 PM ET
https://www.npr.org/2019/09/19/
Sen. Joe McCarthy [ center ] is seen during the Army-McCarthy hearings on June 7, 1954, in Washington, D.C.
On the right is McCarthy's chief counsel, Roy Cohn.
Credit: APA/Hulton Archive/Getty Images
Decades before Trump's election lies, McCarthy's anti-communist fever gripped the GOP NPR October 18, 2021 2:28 PM ET
https://www.npr.org/2021/10/18/
Attorney Roy Cohn, left, confers with red-hunting Sen. Joseph McCarthy, R-Wisc., during Senate hearings in 1954.
Credit: Keystone/Hulton Archives/Getty Images
Through all Trump's legal wars and woes, one lawyer's influence still holds sway NPR July 17, 2022 5:00 AM ET
https://www.npr.org/2022/07/17/
Roy Cohn was born in New York City in 1927, the year Babe Ruth hit 60 home runs for the Yankees.
He was educated in some of the city's finest private schools, including Fieldston and Columbia University, the latter giving him a bachelor's and a law degree by the time he was 20.
Four years later, Cohn was a Justice Department lawyer helping to prosecute the nuclear secrets espionage case against Ethel and Julius Rosenberg.
That 1951 trial resulted in the Rosenbergs' conviction and execution.
Cohn also won convictions against several other defendants accused of having communist connections.
That led J. Edgar Hoover, then the director of the FBI, to recommend the young Cohn to a senator planning a series of investigative hearings to root out communists in the federal bureaucracy.
The senator was Joseph R. McCarthy, a Republican from Wisconsin, and his hearings would dominate the national news for several years — often because of Cohn's research or interrogation of witnesses.
Cohn was still at McCarthy's side when the senator overreached in a series of 1954 probes of U.S. Army figures.
The collapse of those hearings led to McCarthy's censure by the full Senate later that year, after which his career declined rapidly.
Cohn, however, emerged unscathed, resigning from the senator's staff and returning to New York to take up private practice.
In that pursuit, Cohn was impressively successful on behalf of his celebrity clients.
These included the Roman Catholic Cardinal Francis Spellman, shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis and Yankees owner George Steinbrenner.
They also included political figures in both parties and organized crime bosses such as Carmine Galante$ and John Gotti.
But Cohn was also quite the man about town, seen often in fashionable nightclubs of the period.
One was Le Club, where he first met Donald Trump in 1973.
Regarded as handsome and brash, the 27-year-old from Queens was intent on making his mark in Manhattan.
Later that year, Cohn defended Trump and Trump's father against federal charges that they had systematically excluded blacks and Hispanics from their housing projects. (They eventually settled the case with no admission of guilt.)
Cohn was known for pushing aggressive tactics to the limits and beyond, especially for filing lawsuits and countersuits to bully his adversaries.
In the last two decades of his career, he was investigated by federal authorities for perjury and witness tampering, among other charges.
In 1986, a panel of the New York State Supreme Court's Appellate Division disbarred Cohn for unethical and unprofessional conduct.
At that time, Cohn had already been diagnosed with AIDS, and later that same year he would die of complications of that disease (although he always insisted in public that his ailment was liver cancer).
For this reason, a younger generation of Americans first encountered Cohn's name in a theatrical context.
The last phase of his life is portrayed in Tony Kushner's 1993 Pulitzer Prize-winning play, Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes.
https://www.npr.org/2018/01/07/
https://www.npr.org/2022/07/17/
https://www.npr.org/2021/10/18/
https://www.npr.org/2019/09/19/
https://www.npr.org/2018/01/07/
Dalton Trumbo 1905-1976
Blacklisted film-industry players, with their lawyers at a Hollywood hearing in 1948.
Front row, from left, Herbert Biberman; the attorney Martin Popper; the attorney Robert Kenny; Albert Maltz; and Lester Cole.
Back row, from left, Dalton Trumbo; John Howard Lawson; Alvah Bessie; Samuel Ornitz; Ring Lardner Jr.; Edward Dmytryk; and Adrian Scott.
Photograph: Bruce Hoertel The New York Times
‘Trumbo’ Recalls the Hunters and the Hunted of Hollywood NYT NOV. 4, 2015
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/08/
Trumbo (...) was one of 10 filmmakers – the so-called Hollywood Ten – who were cited for contempt of Congress in 1947 when they refused to testify about their political beliefs before the House Un-American Activities Committee;
he served 11 months in prison and was effectively unable to continue working in the film industry.
http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/20/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
https://www.npr.org/2017/08/28/
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/08/
https://www.npr.org/2015/11/06/
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/06/
https://www.npr.org/2015/11/05/
http://www.npr.org/2015/11/05/
http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/20/
https://www.npr.org/templates/story/
http://www.theguardian.com/film/2005/aug/09/
http://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/jun/11/
http://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/18/
https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/17/
https://www.nytimes.com/1971/08/05/
http://www.pbs.org/video/
McCarthyism
anti-Communist witch hunts
Joseph R. McCarthy 1908-1957
Sen. Joe McCarthy, R-Wis., testifies during hearings in Washington, D.C., on June 9, 1954.
McCarthy stands before a map that charts alleged communist activity in the United States.
Credit: Getty Images
Decades before Trump's election lies, McCarthy's anti-communist fever gripped the GOP NPR October 18, 2021 2:28 PM ET
https://www.npr.org/2021/10/18/
For a time, press attention on Sen. Joe McCarthy kept getting bigger, unrestrained by the lack of proof of his accusations.
Photograph: Keystone/Getty Images
Decades before Trump's election lies, McCarthy's anti-communist fever gripped the GOP NPR October 18, 2021 2:28 PM ET
https://www.npr.org/2021/10/18/
Time Covers - The 50S TIME cover: 03-22-1954 lawyers Roy Cohn and David Schine.
Date taken: March 22, 1954
Photographer: John Phillips
Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=dd711e9cde046c7b - broken link
https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/
https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/
https://www.npr.org/2022/09/10/
https://www.npr.org/2021/10/18/
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/19/
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/18/business/media/18wershba.html
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/11/
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/2/
https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/h/
https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/21/
https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/
22 April 1954
McCarthy Army hearings begin
Senator Joseph McCarthy begins hearings investigating the United States Army, which he charges with being “soft” on communism.
These televised hearings gave the American public their first view of McCarthy in action, and his recklessness, indignant bluster, and bullying tactics quickly resulted in his fall from prominence. http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/mccarthy-army-hearings-begin
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/
https://www.npr.org/2022/07/17/
McCarthy era
House Committee on Un-American Activities
While the House Un-American Activities Committee had been formed in 1938 as an anti-Communist organ, McCarthy’s accusations heightened the political tensions of the times.
Known as McCarthyism, the paranoid hunt for infiltrators was notoriously difficult on writers and entertainers, many of whom were labeled communist sympathizers and were unable to continue working.
Some had their passports taken away, while others were jailed for refusing to give the names of other communists.
The trials, which were well publicized, could often destroy a career with a single unsubstantiated accusation.
Among those well-known artists accused of communist sympathies or called before the committee were Dashiell Hammett, Waldo Salt, Lillian Hellman, Lena Horne, Paul Robeson, Elia Kazan, Arthur Miller, Aaron Copland, Leonard Bernstein, Charlie Chaplin and Group Theatre members Clifford Odets, and Stella Adler.
In all, three hundred and twenty artists were blacklisted, and for many of them this meant the end of exceptional and promising careers. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/arthur-miller/mccarthyism/484/
https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/
https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/
https://www.npr.org/2022/09/10/
https://www.npr.org/2021/10/18/
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2005/aug/09/features.features11
https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2005/feb/12/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/feb/12/arts.filmnews1
https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2005/feb/19/theatre.stage
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/oct/26/biography.stage
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/sep/29/arts.film
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/sep/29/guardianobituaries.film
https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/24/
The Hollywood 10 / the Hollywood blacklist
The screenwriters Dalton Trumbo, left, and John Howard Lawson, hoisted aloft by supporters in June 1950, before serving time for contempt of Congress.
Photograph: Marty Lederhandler Associated Press
Screen Voices, Banished but Not Silenced The Blacklist, at Lincoln Center and Anthology Film Archives NYT AUG. 7, 2014
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/10/
http://www.npr.org/2017/02/21/
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/10/
http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2009/mar/16/betsy-blair-obituary
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2005/aug/09/features.features11
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/jun/11/johnpatterson
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/nov/04/
http://edition.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/9710/28/blacklist.remembered/
Related > Anglonautes > Arts > Movies
Anglonautes > History > 20th century
Cold War > USA > Vietnam War 1962-1975
Related > Anglonautes > Arts
Related > Anglonautes > Vocapedia > Arts
pictures / films / movies / cinema
Related
Secret files from 70s reveal Trident strike needed 'to kill 10m Russians'
Whitehall documents written in 1970s and marked 'personal and top secret' show logic of British Cold War deterrent
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/dec/26/
Dagmar Searchinger 1916-2011
founder of Women Strike for Peace, a cold war movement that helped organize demonstrations around the world calling for nuclear disarmament
https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/24/
Roy Richard Rubottom Jr. 1912-2010
a diplomat who influenced and helped hone United States policy toward Latin America in the late 1950s, a time of economic and political tumult that culminated in Fidel Castro’s takeover in Cuba
https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/20/
The National Security Archive / The George Washington University The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//nsa/cuba_mis_cri/index.htm
https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//nsa/cuba_mis_cri/photos.htm
Cold War The global superpower stand-off that brought the world to the brink of destruction. https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/coldwar/
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