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History > Cold War > USA

 

Joseph R. McCarthy   1908-1957

 

 

 

 

Senate Investigation Sub-Committee

Sen. Mccarthy [ bottom left ],

Senate Office Bldg.

 

Date taken: 1953

 

Photograph: George Skadding

 

Life Images

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marcia Virginia Hunt    1917-2022

 

Marsha Hunt (...) appeared

in more than 50 movies

between 1935 and 1949

and seemed well on her way to stardom

until her career was damaged

by the Hollywood blacklist,

and (...), for the rest of her career,

was as much an activist

as she was an actress,

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/10/
movies/marsha-hunt-dead.html

 

 

https://www.npr.org/2022/09/10/
1122225827/marsha-hunt-hollywood-movie-star-blacklist-
dies-104

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/10/
movies/marsha-hunt-dead.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Walter Bernstein    1919-2021

 

blacklisted Hollywood screenwriter

 

A second world war

correspondent for the military

who also had been published

in The New Yorker,

Bernstein was at the start

of what seemed a promising film career

when the cold war

and anti-communist paranoia

led to his being blacklisted in 1950,

a fate which ruined

the lives of many of his peers

and led some to suicide.

 

(...)

 

Unwilling to provide

the House Un-American Activities Committee

names of suspected communists,

the way director Elia Kazan and others

had been spared from banishment,

Bernstein found employment

through the use of “fronts,”

people willing to lend their names

for scripts he had written.

 

While many were blacklisted

just for supporting left-wing causes,

Bernstein actually was a member

of the American Communist party

and remained so until 1956.

 

Bernstein would remember

his decision with “relief”

over no longer abiding Soviet dogma

and “sadness” for the people

who were fellow idealists.

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/jan/24/
walter-bernstein-blacklisted-hollywood-screenwriter-dies-at-101

 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/jan/24/
walter-bernstein-blacklisted-hollywood-screenwriter-
dies-at-101

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/23/
movies/walter-bernstein-dead.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kirk Douglas    1916-2020

 

 (born Issur Danielovitch)

 

He decided not only

to hire Dalton Trumbo

— who had been blacklisted

during the McCarthy era

on suspicion of Communist sympathies —

to write the screenplay, but also to put

Mr. Trumbo’s name in the credits

rather than one of the pseudonyms

he had been using.

 

“We all had been employing

the blacklisted writers,”

Mr. Douglas wrote in a 2012 memoir,

“I Am Spartacus!: Making a Film,

Breaking the Blacklist.”

 

“It was an open secret

and an act of hypocrisy,

as well as a way to get

the best talent at bargain prices.

I hated being part of such a system.”

 

(Mr. Douglas’s rol

in Trumbo’s redemption

— although some people say

he overstated it —

was dramatized in the 2015

biographical film “Trumbo,”

a film he praised,

telling The Telegraph of London

that “its spirit is true

to the man I admired.”

Dean O’Gorman played Mr. Douglas.)

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/05/
movies/kirk-douglas-dead.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/film/
kirkdouglas

 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2020/feb/06/
kirk-douglas-a-career-in-clips

 

https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2020/feb/06/
kirk-douglas-dead-film-peter-bradshaw-handsome

 

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/feb/06/
kirk-douglas-hollywood-legend-and-star-of-spartacus-dies-aged-103

 

https://www.npr.org/2020/02/05/
156511592/kirk-douglas-hollywood-tough-guy-and-spartacus-superstar-
dies-at-103

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/05/
movies/kirk-douglas-dead.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lauren Bacall    1924-2014

 

 

 

 

In 1947,

as the House Un-American Activities Committee

investigated Americans suspected of Communism,

Ms. Bacall and Bogart flew to Washington

as part of a group known

as the Committee for the First Amendment.

 

Photograph: Associated Press

 

Lauren Bacall Dies at 89;

in a Bygone Hollywood, She Purred Every Word

NYT

12 August 2014

https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/13/
movies/lauren-bacall-sultry-movie-star-dies-at-89.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

actress

whose provocative glamour

elevated her to stardom

in Hollywood’s golden age

and whose lasting mystique

put her on a plateau

in American culture

that few stars reach

 

(...)

 

With an insinuating pose

and a seductive, throaty voice

— her simplest remark

sounded like a jungle mating call,

one critic said —

Ms. Bacall shot to fame in 1944

with her first movie,

Howard Hawks’s adaptation

of the Ernest Hemingway

novel “To Have and Have Not,”

playing opposite Humphrey Bogart,

who became her lover

on the set and later her husband.

 

(...)

 

In 1947,

as the House Un-American Activities Committee

investigated Americans suspected of Communism,

Ms. Bacall and Bogart

were among 500 Hollywood personalities

to sign a petition protesting

what they called the committee’s attempt

“to smear the motion picture industry.”

 

Investigating individual political beliefs,

the petition said, violated

the basic principles of American democracy.

 

The couple flew to Washington

as part of a group

known as the Committee

for the First Amendment,

which also included

Danny Kaye, John Garfield,

Gene Kelly, John Huston,

Ira Gershwin and Jane Wyatt.

 

“I am an outraged

and angry citizen who feels

that my basic civil liberties

are being taken away from me,”

Bogart said in a statement.

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/13/
movies/lauren-bacall-sultry-movie-star-dies-at-89.html

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/13/
movies/lauren-bacall-sultry-movie-star-dies-at-89.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Murrey Marder    1919-2013

 

In nearly 40 years

at The Washington Post,

he embodied the role

of public watchdog,

becoming an emblem of meticulous,

thorough news gathering

when his persistence in laying bare

the lies and exaggerations

of Senator Joseph R. McCarthy’s

anti-Communist crusade

helped bring McCarthy to ruin.

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/20/us/
murrey-marder-reporter-who-took-on-joe-mccarthy-dies-at-93.html

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/20/us/
murrey-marder-reporter-who-took-on-joe-mccarthy-dies-at-93.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Arthur Miller    1915-2005

 

one of the great American playwrights,

whose work exposed

the flaws in the fabric

of the American dream

 

(...)

 

The author of "Death of a Salesman,"

a landmark of 20th-century drama,

Mr. Miller grappled

with the weightiest matters

of social conscience in his plays

and in them often

reflected or reinterpreted

the stormy and very public

elements of his own life

- including a brief and rocky marriage

to Marilyn Monroe

and his staunch refusal

to cooperate with the red-baiting

House Un-American

Activities Committee.

http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/11/theater/newsandfeatures/11cnd-miller.html

 

 

https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/ref/theater/
newsandfeatures/MILLER-REF.html 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/11/
theater/newsandfeatures/arthur-miller-moral-voice-of-american-stage-
dies-at.html 

 

 

 

 

http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2015/feb/23/
theatre-archive-roy-hattersley-meets-arthur-miller

 

http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2014/apr/13/
view-from-the-bridge-young-vic-review-mark-strong

 

https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/feb/12/
guardianobituaries.artsobituaries

 

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2005/feb/11/
usa.theatre 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/arts/pictures/
0,8542,1411158,00.html  

 

https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2005/feb/12/
theatre.arthurmiller 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/feb/12/
arts.filmnews1 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/11/
theater/newsandfeatures/11cnd-miller.html

 

 

 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jan/24/
biography.cuba

 

 

 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2003/jul/26/theatre.artsfeatures 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2003/jul/16/theatre.samanthaellis 

 

 

 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/stage/1949/jul/30/
theatre.artsfeatures

 

https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/ref/
theater/newsandfeatures/MILLER-REF.html

 

 

 

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/7/
newsid_2946000/2946420.stm - 7 August 1958

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Elia Kazan    1909-2003

 

immigrant child

of a Greek rug merchant

who became one of the most honored

and influential directors

in Broadway and Hollywood history

 

(...)

 

Mr. Kazan also received

an Oscar for lifetime achievement

in 1999.

 

The lifetime achievement award

was controversial

because in 1952 Mr. Kazan angered

many of his friends and colleagues

when he acknowledged

before the House Un-American

Activities Committee

that he had been a member

of the Communist Party

from 1934 to 1936

and gave the committee

the names of eight

other party members.

 

He had previously refused to do so,

and his naming of names

prompted many people in the arts,

including those

who had never been Communists,

to excoriate him for decades.

 

Asked why he had identified others,

he cited a ''specious reasoning

which has silenced many liberals''

that ran like this:

 

''You may hate the Communists,

but you must not attack them or expose them,

because if you do

you are attacking the right to hold

unpopular opinions.''

https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/29/
movies/elia-kazan-influential-director-is-dead-at-94.html 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/29/
movies/elia-kazan-influential-director-is-dead-at-94.html

https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/
elia-kazan-about-elia-kazan/642/

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/17/
books/the-selected-letters-of-elia-kazan.html

 

http://video.nytimes.com/video/2011/01/10/
movies/1248069532182/critics-picks-east-of-eden.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/29/
movies/elia-kazan-influential-director-is-dead-at-94.html

https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/sep/29/
guardianobituaries.film

 

1988 - https://www.npr.org/2017/08/28/
546714298/celebrating-30-years-of-fresh-air-filmmaker-and-theater-legend-
elia-kazan

 

https://www.nytimes.com/1972/02/03/
archives/the-visitors-portrays-ordeal-of-a-threatened-gi.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abraham Polonsky    1910-1999

 

director and screenwriter

who was an early Hollywood

master of film noir

and who worked under many disguises

after being blacklisted in the McCarthy era

 

(...)

 

His movies included ''Force of Evil,''

a 1948 film about racketeering

in which he directed

the actor John Garfield.

 

In 1996 Stephen Holden,

the New York Times film critic,

describing that performance

and others, wrote that

''you can still feel the dangerous

urban-realist kick''

although the work came from

''a time when Hollywood films

still aspired to a genteel,

upper-middle-class sense of values.''

 

The previous year,

Mr. Polonsky had won an Oscar nomination

for writing the screenplay for ''Body and Soul,''

in which Garfield played a money-mad boxer.

 

In the early 1950's,

Mr. Polonsky refused to testify about

his Communist Party affiliation

or name party members.

 

His refusal prompted

20th Century Fox to fire him.

 

He was then unable to find work

under his own name

for nearly two decades;

he had only nine films to his credit.

http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/29/
movies/abraham-polonsky-88-dies-director-damaged-by-blacklist.html

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/10/
movies/the-blacklist-at-lincoln-center-and-anthology-film-archives.html

 

http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/29/
movies/abraham-polonsky-88-dies-director-damaged-by-blacklist.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Roy Marcus Cohn    1927-1986

 

 

 

 

Roy Cohn,

pictured here sitting on a senate investigation subcommittee,

is remembered as a master political manipulator

in Where's My Roy Cohn?

 

Credit: Sony Pictures Classics

 

Documentary 'Where's My Roy Cohn?'

Suggests He's Closer Than You Think

NPR

September 19, 2019    5:00 PM ET

https://www.npr.org/2019/09/19/
760647922/documentary-where-s-my-roy-cohn-suggests-he-s-closer-than-you-think

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sen. Joe McCarthy [ center ]

is seen during the Army-McCarthy hearings

on June 7, 1954, in Washington, D.C.

 

On the right is McCarthy's chief counsel,

Roy Cohn.

 

Credit: APA/Hulton Archive/Getty Images

 

Decades before Trump's election lies,

McCarthy's anti-communist fever gripped the GOP

NPR

October 18, 2021    2:28 PM ET

https://www.npr.org/2021/10/18/
1046648461/decades-before-trumps-election-lies-mccarthys-anti-communist-fever-gripped-the-g

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Attorney Roy Cohn, left,

confers with red-hunting Sen. Joseph McCarthy, R-Wisc.,

during Senate hearings in 1954.

 

Credit: Keystone/Hulton Archives/Getty Images

 

Through all Trump's legal wars and woes,

one lawyer's influence still holds sway

NPR

July 17, 2022    5:00 AM ET

https://www.npr.org/2022/07/17/
1111715068/in-all-trump-s-legal-wars-and-woes-one-lawyer-s-influence-still-holds-sway

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Roy Cohn was born

in New York City in 1927,

the year Babe Ruth

hit 60 home runs for the Yankees.

 

He was educated

in some of the city's finest private schools,

including Fieldston and Columbia University,

the latter giving him

a bachelor's and a law degree

by the time he was 20.

 

Four years later, Cohn

was a Justice Department lawyer

helping to prosecute

the nuclear secrets espionage case

against Ethel and Julius Rosenberg.

 

That 1951 trial resulted

in the Rosenbergs'

conviction and execution.

 

Cohn also won convictions

against several other defendants

accused of having communist

connections.

 

That led J. Edgar Hoover,

then the director of the FBI,

to recommend the young Cohn

to a senator planning

a series of investigative hearings

to root out communists

in the federal bureaucracy.

 

The senator was Joseph R. McCarthy,

a Republican from Wisconsin,

and his hearings would dominate

the national news for several years

— often because of Cohn's

research or interrogation of witnesses.

 

Cohn was still at McCarthy's side

when the senator overreached

in a series of 1954 probes

of U.S. Army figures.

 

The collapse of those hearings

led to McCarthy's censure

by the full Senate later that year,

after which his career declined rapidly.

 

Cohn, however, emerged unscathed,

resigning from the senator's staff

and returning to New York

to take up private practice.

 

In that pursuit,

Cohn was impressively successful

on behalf of his celebrity clients.

 

These included

the Roman Catholic Cardinal

Francis Spellman,

shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis

and Yankees owner

George Steinbrenner.

 

They also included

political figures in both parties

and organized crime bosses

such as Carmine Galante$

and John Gotti.

 

But Cohn was also

quite the man about town,

seen often in fashionable nightclubs

of the period.

 

One was Le Club,

where he first met Donald Trump

in 1973.

 

Regarded as handsome and brash,

the 27-year-old from Queens

was intent on making his mark

in Manhattan.

 

Later that year, Cohn defended

Trump and Trump's father

against federal charges

that they had systematically

excluded blacks and Hispanics

from their housing projects.

(They eventually settled the case

with no admission of guilt.)

 

Cohn was known

for pushing aggressive tactics

to the limits and beyond,

especially for filing lawsuits

and countersuits

to bully his adversaries.

 

In the last two decades of his career,

he was investigated

by federal authorities

for perjury and witness tampering,

among other charges.

 

In 1986,

a panel of the New York

State Supreme Court's Appellate Division

disbarred Cohn for unethical

and unprofessional conduct.

 

At that time,

Cohn had already been

diagnosed with AIDS,

and later that same year he would die

of complications of that disease

(although he always insisted in public

that his ailment was liver cancer).

 

For this reason,

a younger generation of Americans

first encountered Cohn's

name in a theatrical context.

 

The last phase of his life

is portrayed in Tony Kushner's

1993 Pulitzer Prize-winning play,

Angels in America:

A Gay Fantasia on National Themes.

https://www.npr.org/2018/01/07/
576209428/president-trump-called-for-roy-cohn-but-roy-cohn-was-gone

 

 

https://www.npr.org/2022/07/17/
1111715068/in-all-trump-s-legal-wars-and-woes-
one-lawyer-s-influence-still-holds-sway

 

https://www.npr.org/2021/10/18/
1046648461/decades-before-trumps-election-lies-
mccarthys-anti-communist-fever-gripped-the-g

 

https://www.npr.org/2019/09/19/
760647922/documentary-where-s-my-roy-cohn-
suggests-he-s-closer-than-you-think

 

https://www.npr.org/2018/01/07/
576209428/president-trump-called-for-roy-cohn-
but-roy-cohn-was-gone

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dalton Trumbo    1905-1976

 

 

 

 

Blacklisted film-industry players,

with their lawyers at a Hollywood hearing

in 1948.

 

Front row, from left,

Herbert Biberman;

the attorney Martin Popper;

the attorney Robert Kenny;

Albert Maltz;

and Lester Cole.

 

Back row, from left,

Dalton Trumbo;

John Howard Lawson;

Alvah Bessie;

Samuel Ornitz;

Ring Lardner Jr.;

Edward Dmytryk;

and Adrian Scott.

 

Photograph: Bruce Hoertel

The New York Times

 

‘Trumbo’ Recalls the Hunters and the Hunted of Hollywood

NYT

NOV. 4, 2015

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/08/
movies/trumbo-recalls-the-hunters-and-the-hunted-of-hollywood.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Trumbo

(...)

was one of 10 filmmakers

– the so-called Hollywood Ten –

who were cited

for contempt of Congress in 1947

when they refused to testify about

their political beliefs before

the House Un-American

Activities Committee;

 

he served  11 months in prison

and was effectively

unable to continue working

in the film industry.

http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/20/
dalton-trumbos-screenwriting-credit-restored-to-roman-holiday/

 

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Dalton_Trumbo

 

 

https://www.npr.org/2017/08/28/
546730779/celebrating-30-years-of-fresh-air-the-kirk-douglas-interview

 

 

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/08/
movies/trumbo-recalls-the-hunters-and-the-hunted-of-hollywood.html

 

https://www.npr.org/2015/11/06/
454996142/bryan-cranston-becomes-blacklisted-screenwriter-dalton-trumbo-in-new-biopic

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/06/
movies/review-bryan-cranston-in-trumbo-as-a-screenwriter-in-a-hollywood-under-siege.html

 

https://www.npr.org/2015/11/05/
453960594/in-trumbo-bryan-cranston-brings-a-long-uncredited-writer-to-life

 

http://www.npr.org/2015/11/05/
453960594/in-trumbo-bryan-cranston-brings-a-long-uncredited-writer-to-life

 

 

 

 

http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/12/20/
dalton-trumbos-screenwriting-credit-restored-to-roman-holiday/

 

https://www.npr.org/templates/story/
story.php?storyId=91576667 - June 17, 2008

 

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2005/aug/09/
features.features11

 

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/jun/11/
johnpatterson

 

http://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/18/
movies/spartacus-a-classic-restored.html

 

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/17/
archives/the-screen-papillonescapist-film-stars-mcqueen-hoffman.html

 

https://www.nytimes.com/1971/08/05/
archives/pacifist-strategy-of-johnny-got-his-gun.html

 

http://www.pbs.org/video/
american-masters-dalton-trumbo-huac-testimony/
-  October 28, 1947

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

McCarthyism

 

anti-Communist witch hunts

 

Joseph R. McCarthy   1908-1957

 

 

 

 

Sen. Joe McCarthy, R-Wis.,

testifies during hearings in Washington, D.C.,

on June 9, 1954.

 

McCarthy stands before a map

that charts alleged communist activity in the United States.

 

Credit: Getty Images

 

Decades before Trump's election lies,

McCarthy's anti-communist fever gripped the GOP

NPR

October 18, 2021    2:28 PM ET

https://www.npr.org/2021/10/18/
1046648461/decades-before-trumps-election-lies-mccarthys-anti-communist-fever-gripped-the-g

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For a time,

press attention on Sen. Joe McCarthy kept getting bigger,

unrestrained by the lack of proof of his accusations.

 

Photograph: Keystone/Getty Images

 

Decades before Trump's election lies,

McCarthy's anti-communist fever gripped the GOP

NPR

October 18, 2021    2:28 PM ET

https://www.npr.org/2021/10/18/
1046648461/decades-before-trumps-election-lies-mccarthys-anti-communist-fever-gripped-the-g

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Time Covers - The 50S

TIME cover: 03-22-1954

lawyers Roy Cohn and David Schine.

 

Date taken: March 22, 1954

 

Photograph: John Phillips

 

Life Images

http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=dd711e9cde046c7b - broken link

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/
joseph-r-mccarthy

https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/
arthur-miller-mccarthyism/484/

 

 

https://www.npr.org/2022/09/10/
1122225827/marsha-hunt-hollywood-movie-star-blacklist-dies-104

 

 

 

 

https://www.npr.org/2021/10/18/
1046648461/decades-before-trumps-election-lies-
mccarthys-anti-communist-fever-gripped-the-g

 

 

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/19/
books/demagogue-joseph-mccarthy-larry-tye-interview.html

 

 

 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/18/business/media/18wershba.html

 

 

 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/sep/11/
mccarthyism-us-second-world-war

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/2/
newsid_3205000/3205423.stm

 

https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/h/
herman-mccarthy.html - undated

 

https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/21/
us/crash-kills-g-david-schine-69-mccarthy-era-figure.html 

 

https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/
national/science/aids/080386sci-aids.html - August 3, 1986

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

22 April 1954

 

McCarthy Army hearings begin

 

 

Senator Joseph McCarthy

begins hearings investigating

the United States Army,

which he charges

with being “soft” on communism.

 

These televised hearings

gave the American public

their first view of McCarthy in action,

and his recklessness, indignant bluster,

and bullying tactics quickly resulted

in his fall from prominence.

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/mccarthy-army-hearings-begin

 

 

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/
mccarthy-army-hearings-begin

 

 

https://www.npr.org/2022/07/17/
1111715068/in-all-trump-s-legal-wars-and-woes-
one-lawyer-s-influence-still-holds-sway

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

McCarthy era

 

House Committee on Un-American Activities

 

 

While the House Un-American Activities Committee

had been formed in 1938

as an anti-Communist organ,

McCarthy’s accusations heightened

the political tensions of the times.

 

Known as McCarthyism,

the paranoid hunt for infiltrators

was notoriously difficult

on writers and entertainers,

many of whom were labeled

communist sympathizers

and were unable to continue working.

 

Some had their passports taken away,

while others were jailed

for refusing to give

the names of other communists.

 

The trials, which were well publicized,

could often destroy a career

with a single unsubstantiated accusation.

 

Among those well-known artists

accused of communist sympathies

or called before the committee

were Dashiell Hammett,

Waldo Salt, Lillian Hellman,

Lena Horne, Paul Robeson,

Elia Kazan, Arthur Miller,

Aaron Copland, Leonard Bernstein,

Charlie Chaplin

and Group Theatre members

Clifford Odets,

Elia Kazan, and Stella Adler.

 

In all,

three hundred and twenty artists

were blacklisted,

and for many of them this meant

the end of exceptional

and promising careers.

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/arthur-miller/mccarthyism/484/

 

 

https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/
elia-kazan-about-elia-kazan/642/ 

https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/
arthur-miller-mccarthyism/484/

 

 

https://www.npr.org/2022/09/10/
1122225827/marsha-hunt-hollywood-movie-star-blacklist-dies-104

 

 

 

 

https://www.npr.org/2021/10/18/
1046648461/decades-before-trumps-election-lies-
mccarthys-anti-communist-fever-gripped-the-g

 

 

 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2005/aug/09/features.features11 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2005/feb/12/
theatre.arthurmiller

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/feb/12/arts.filmnews1 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2005/feb/19/theatre.stage

 

 

 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/oct/26/biography.stage

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/sep/29/arts.film

 

https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/sep/29/guardianobituaries.film

 

 

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/24/
obituaries/sterling-hayden-dead-at-70-an-actor-writer-and-sailor.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Hollywood 10 / the Hollywood blacklist

 

 

 

 

The screenwriters Dalton Trumbo, left,

and John Howard Lawson,

hoisted aloft by supporters in June 1950,

before serving time for contempt of Congress.

 

Photograph: Marty Lederhandler

Associated Press

 

Screen Voices, Banished but Not Silenced

The Blacklist, at Lincoln Center and Anthology Film Archives

NYT

AUG. 7, 2014

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/10/
movies/the-blacklist-at-lincoln-center-and-anthology-film-archives.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

http://www.npr.org/2017/02/21/
516427212/what-a-classic-50s-western-can-teach-us-about-the-hollywood-blacklist

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/10/
movies/the-blacklist-at-lincoln-center-and-anthology-film-archives.html

 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2009/mar/16/betsy-blair-obituary

 

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2005/aug/09/features.features11

 

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/jun/11/johnpatterson 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/nov/04/
guardianobituaries.filmnews

 

http://edition.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/9710/28/blacklist.remembered/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Related > Anglonautes > Arts > Movies

 

Elia Kazan   1909-2003

 

Humprey Bogart   1899-1957

 

 

 

 

 

Anglonautes > History > 20th century

 

Cold War > USA > Vietnam War   1962-1975

 

Cold War / холодная война

 

 

 

 

 

Related > Anglonautes > Vocapedia > Arts

 

pictures / films / movies / cinema

 

 

 

 

 

Related

 

Secret files from 70s

reveal Trident strike needed 'to kill 10m Russians'

 

Whitehall documents written in 1970s

and marked 'personal and top secret'

show logic of British Cold War deterrent

https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/dec/26/
secret-files-70s-trident-russians  

 

 

 

 

Dagmar Searchinger     1916-2011

 

founder of Women Strike for Peace,

a cold war movement that helped organize

demonstrations around the world

calling for nuclear disarmament

https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/24/
us/24wilson.html 

 

 

 

 

Roy Richard Rubottom Jr.    1912-2010

 

diplomat who influenced and helped hone

United States policy

toward Latin America in the late 1950s,

a time of economic and political tumult

that culminated in Fidel Castro’s

takeover in Cuba

https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/20/
world/americas/20rubottom.html  

 

 

 

 

The National Security Archive / The George Washington University

The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962

https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//nsa/cuba_mis_cri/index.htm 

 

https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//nsa/cuba_mis_cri/photos.htm  

 

 

 

 

Cold War

The global superpower stand-off

that brought the world to the brink of destruction.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/coldwar/

 

 

 

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