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History > USA > Civil rights > Rosa Parks 1913-2005

On 22 February 1956,

Rosa Parks was fingerprinted in Montgomery

after her arrest for violating segregation laws

Photograph: Gene Herrick

Rosa Parks:

60th anniversary of a historic day in Alabama – in pictures

Tuesday 1 December 2015 16.38 GMT

http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/gallery/2015/dec/01/
rosa-parks-60th-anniversary-bus-seat-civil-rights-pictures

Rosa Parks

is fingerprinted by Deputy Sheriff D.H. Lackey

in Montgomery, Ala.,

during her indictment for organizing a boycott,

Feb. 22, 1956.

Mrs. Parks' act of civil disobedience

and refusal to give up her seat to a white passenger in Dec. 1955

sparked the Montgomery bus boycott.

Associated Press

http://blog.syracuse.com/metrovoices/2009/02/AP080718011184.jpg

Rosa Parks honored on Centro buses today

Published: Wednesday, February 04, 2009, 11:54 AM

Updated: Thursday, February 05, 2009, 9:25 AM

http://blog.syracuse.com/metrovoices/2009/02/syracuse_nyrosa_parks_the_woma.html

Mr. Gray, right, and E.D. Nixon

signed the bond for Rosa Parks, left,

who was arrested after violating Montgomery’s

segregation law for city buses in 1955.

Photograph: AP Photo

For a Civil Rights Hero, 90, a New Battle Unfolds on His Childhood Street

Before he defended Rosa Parks and became a leading legal force,

Fred Gray grew up on an avenue named for Jefferson Davis in Montgomery, Ala.

Now a push is underway for a new name for the street: Mr. Gray’s.

NYT

Dec. 25, 2020 1:40 p.m. ET

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/25/
us/politics/fred-gray-rosa-parks-montgomery.html

Photograph: George Tames

The New York Times

It is impossible to know what she might have been thinking

that March day in 1956 outside the Montgomery County courthouse.

The prim woman in the photograph,

gripping her handbag with white-gloved hands,

wore a neat overcoat and an uneasy expression

behind her wire-rimmed eyeglasses.

Was she about to step to the microphones to speak,

or had she just stepped away from them?

Was she trying to ignore the television cameras

capturing her appearance for all to see?

Who was the white man trying to guide her along,

or the black man with a seemingly supportive hand

lightly touching her back?

There was no caption information to identify the woman as Rosa Parks

in the unpublished image found in a sack of negatives in our archives,

and no mention of the men surrounding her outside the courthouse that day.

It is only in the context of history

that the significance of the photo,

deeply descriptive without words,

comes into sharper focus.

Mrs. Parks was at the courthouse

for the trial of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.,

who was charged with violating an anti-boycott law.

The boycott at issue followed her arrest on Dec. 1, 1955,

for refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a crowded city bus.

That act of civil defiance by Mrs. Parks,

a 42-year-old seamstress heading home at the end of her shift

in the tailoring department of the Montgomery Fair department store,

helped galvanize the yearlong boycott of the city’s bus system.

It was a bold decision by a strong yet weary woman

— and a spark that ignited the civil rights movement.

At the courthouse that day, though,

Mrs. Parks was not the story.

It was the account of Dr. King’s

trial for an illegal act of civil disobedience

— the boycott — that became the focus of our article,

which ran without a photo, on Page 20 on March 22, 1956.

NYT

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/cp/national/unpublished-black-history/
rosa-parks-outside-courthouse-montgomery-alabama

Rosa Parks.

1964

Photograph by Associated Press.

United States Library of Congress.

http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/235_pop.html

Location:

New York World-Telegram and the Sun Newspaper (NYWTS)

Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-109426

Note:

No copyright found; checked by Library of Congress staff, December 2000.

Wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Parks
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Rosaparks_1964.jpg

Rosa Parks demonstrates against apartheid

at the South African embassy in Washington in 1984

Photograph: AP

Rosa Parks: 60th anniversary of a historic day in Alabama – in pictures

Tuesday 1 December 2015 16.38 GMT

http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/gallery/2015/dec/01/
rosa-parks-60th-anniversary-bus-seat-civil-rights-pictures

Rosa Parks Immortalized With Statue

at U.S. Capitol

PBS 27 February 2013

Rosa Parks Immortalized With Statue at U.S. Capitol

Video PBS NewsHour 27 February 2013

A statue of civil rights icon Rosa Parks

was unveiled in the U.S. Capitol's Statuary Hall.

Parks was the first woman

and only the second African-American

to lie in state in the rotunda after she died in 2005.

Gwen Ifill reports on the ceremony.

YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44h4kNDmV7w

Rosa Parks 1913-2005

(born Rosa Louise McCauley)

Larry King Live - 1995:

Rosa Parks says she isn't bitter

video CNN

YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eP1PeR4huuM

black seamstress whose refusal

to relinquish her seat

to a white man on a city bus

in Montgomery, Ala.,

(...)

grew into a mythic event

that helped touch off

the civil rights movement

of the 1950's and 1960's

http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/25/us/25parks.html

https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/
december-01/

https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart9.html#0903

https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/25/
us/rosa-parks-92-founding-symbol-of-civil-rights-movement-dies.html

https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/oct/25/
guardianobituaries.usa

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Rosa_Parks

https://www.npr.org/2022/08/14/
1117421060/fred-gray-civil-rights-presidential-medal-of-freedom

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/25/
us/politics/fred-gray-rosa-parks-montgomery.html

https://www.npr.org/2019/12/05/
784474324/rosa-parks-in-her-own-words-
reveals-the-real-person-behind-the-icon

https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/dec/14/
the-of-recy-taylor-behind-one-of-the-years-most-vital-documentaries

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/06/
books/review/black-detroit-herb-boyd.html

http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/05/02/
526412114/rosa-parks-pancake-recipe-helps-us-see-the-human-side-of-a-hero

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/cp/national/unpublished-black-history/
rosa-parks-outside-courthouse-montgomery-alabama February 19, 2016

http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/gallery/2015/dec/01/
rosa-parks-60th-anniversary-bus-seat-civil-rights-pictures

http://www.npr.org/2015/11/30/
457533368/in-montgomery-rosa-parks-story-offers-a-history-lesson-for-police

http://www.npr.org/2015/11/29/
457627426/understanding-rosa-parks-as-a-life-long-freedom-fighter

http://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/02/27/
389563788/before-rosa-parks-a-teenager-defied-segregation-on-an-alabama-bus

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/06/
us/rosa-parks-papers-library-of-congress.html

http://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2013/dec/02/
obama-rosa-parks-bus-anniversary-racial-inequalities-us

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/31/
books/review/the-rebellious-life-of-mrs-rosa-parks-by-jeanne-theoharis.html

https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=44h4kNDmV7w - PBS - 27 February 2013

http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jan/31/
rosa-parks-100-american-rebel-justice

http://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/oct/25/guardianobituaries.usa

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/oct/25/usa

http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/25/national/25parks.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/25/us/25parks.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4374288.stm

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4973548

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/02/opinion/blow-rosa-parks-revisited.html

http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-11-02-rosa-parks_x.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-10-31-parks-detroit_x.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-10-31-rosa-parks_x.htm

http://www.cagle.com/news/RosaParks/main.asp

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/oct/25/usa

http://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/oct/25/guardianobituaries.usa

http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/news/archives/2005/10/25/
rosa_parks_individual_courage_that_sparked_collective_defiance.html

http://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/25/national/25parks.html

http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-10-24-parks-dead_x.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-10-24-parks-detailedobit_x.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-11-02-rosa-parks_x.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-10-31-parks-detroit_x.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-10-31-rosa-parks_x.htm

http://www.cagle.com/news/RosaParks/main.asp

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/oct/25/usa

http://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/oct/25/guardianobituaries.usa

http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-audio//Guardian/news/2005/10/25/251005younge.mp3

http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/news/archives/2005/10/25/
rosa_parks_individual_courage_that_sparked_collective_defiance.html

http://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/mar/27/guardianobituaries

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-26-
me-blake26-story.html

https://www.theguardian.com/world/1956/nov/16/
usa.fromthearchive

https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/december-01/ 1955

1956

Browder v. Gayle, 352 U.S. 903

Basing its decision

on Brown

Board of Education,

the Supreme Court says

the Montgomery bus

segregation rule

violates the constitution.

The Montgomery Bus Boycott

- and the bus system's

segregation, end -

Dec. 21, 1956

http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/28/
us/thelma-glass-organizer-of-alabama-bus-protests-dies-at-96.html

https://www.theguardian.com/world/1956/nov/16/
usa.fromthearchive

NARA

Teaching With Documents:

An Act of Courage, The Arrest Records

of Rosa Parks On December 1, 1955

https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/rosa-parks

382-day Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955-1956

On 1 December 1955,

Rosa Parks was arrested

for refusing to give up her seat

to a white passenger

on a city bus

in Montgomery, Alabama.

This single act

of nonviolent resistance sparked

the Montgomery bus boycott,

an eleven-month struggle

to desegregate the city’s buses.

http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/chronologyentry/1955_12_01/ - broken link

https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/december-01/

https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/montgomery-bus-boycott

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