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USA
John
Fitzgerald Kennedy / JFK 1917-1963
35th president of the United
States 1961-1963

Prees (sic) John F. Kennedy and wife Jackie
greeting crowd at Love Field
upon arrival
for campaign tour
on day of his assassination.
Location: Dallas, TX, US
Date taken: November 22, 1963
Photograph: Art Rickerby
Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/dc757604965caaf6.html

Pres. John F. Kennedy
and First Lady
Jacqueline
arriving for a tour of the city
on the
morning of Kennedy's assassination.
Location: Dallas, TX, US
Date taken: November 22, 1963
Photograph: Art Rickerby
Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/9823847d00bff22f.html

President John F. Kennedy and
Jacqueline Kennedy
preparing to drive into Dallas
from the airport
on Nov. 22, 1963.
He was assassinated later that
day.
Photograph:
Bettmann/Contributor
Biden’s ‘Final’ Order on
Kennedy Files Leaves Some Still Wanting More
The president has finished a
review first mandated by law in 1992,
and while a vast majority of
papers
related to the assassination of
President John F. Kennedy
have been released, some remain
redacted.
NYT
July 16, 2023
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/16/
us/politics/biden-jfk-assassination-papers.html
On Friday, Nov. 22, 1963,
at 12:30 p.m. CST in Dallas,
Texas,
John F. Kennedy,
the 35th president of the United
States,
was riding in the back of a car
as his presidential motorcade
wound its way through Dealey Plaza.
A second later,
a bullet entered his head
and ended his life.
JFK's assassination shook the
world,
but that was only the beginning
of a series of bizarre events.
Almost an hour later,
Lee Harvey Oswald, JFK's
assassin,
was arrested in a movie theater
for the murder of Dallas police officer J.D.
Tippit,
whom he had shot on a local
street.
However, Oswald never had his day in court
because a nightclub owner named Jack Ruby killed him
while the police officers were transferring him.
https://www.npr.org/2021/06/04/
1003190634/jack-rubys-trial-moves-from-side-stage-to-center-in-kennedys-avenger
https://www.npr.org/2021/06/04/
1003190634/jack-rubys-trial-moves-from-side-stage-to-center-
in-kennedys-avenger

The Nov. 23, 1963, front page of The New York Times
featured two formal portraits by Mr. Grossman:
one of President John F. Kennedy,
who had just been assassinated,
and one of President Lyndon B. Johnson,
who had just been sworn in to replace him.
Henry Grossman, Photographer of Celebrities and Beatles, Dies
at 86
He was best known
for his formal portraits of prominent politicians and
entertainers.
Less famously,
he took thousands of candid shots of John, Paul, George and
Ringo.
NYT
Jan. 5, 2023
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/05/
arts/henry-grossman-dead.html

Commuters reading of John F. Kennedy's
assassination.
Location: NY, US
Date taken: November 1963
Photograph:
Carl Mydans
Life Images

Commuters reading of John F. Kennedy's
assassination.
Location: NY, US
Date taken: November 1963
Photograph:
Carl Mydans
Life Image
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/f?imgurl=c2b997ce529f47d6

Cover of LIFE magazine dated 11-24-1967
w.
pic of
Texas Gov. John Connally
by John Dominis & inset of Pres. Kennedy &
entourage
during motorcade prior to assassination (by
Zingraff)
& legends "Last Seconds of the Motorcade"
&
"Why Kennedy Went to Dallas."
Date taken: November 24, 1967
Photograph: John Dominis
Life Images
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/d2685f2ddacb8e73.html
Clint Hill

Hill poses for a photo on Dec. 3, 1963.
On his lapel he wears a special pin that was
presented to him
for bravery in trying to protect the
president and first lady
during the assassination in Dallas.
Photograph:
Robert H. Shutz
AP
60 years after JFK's assassination,
the agent who tried to save him opens up
NPR
NOVEMBER 22, 2023 6:44 AM
ET
https://www.npr.org/2023/11/22/
1214479540/jkf-assassination-anniversary-60-years-clint-hill-secret-service-kennedy
https://www.npr.org/2023/11/22/
1214479540/jkf-assassination-anniversary-60-years-
clint-hill-secret-service-kennedy
Mark Lane 1927-2016
defense lawyer,
social
activist and author
who concluded in a
blockbuster book
in the mid-1960s that Lee Harvey Oswald
could
not have acted alone
in killing President John F.
Kennedy,
a thesis supported in part
by the House Select
Committee
on Assassinations in 1979
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/
us/mark-lane-who-asserted-that-kennedy-was-killed-in-conspiracy-
dies-at-89.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/
us/mark-lane-who-asserted-that-kennedy-was-killed-in-conspiracy-
dies-at-89.html
Thomas Lemuel Johns 1925-2014
Secret Service agent who guarded
Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson
when President John F.
Kennedy
was assassinated in Dallas
and who became a
high-ranking
Secret Service official
during Johnson’s administration
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/11/
us/lem-johns-who-guarded-vice-president-lyndon-b-johnson-in-dallas-dies-at-88.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/11/
us/lem-johns-
who-guarded-vice-president-lyndon-b-johnson-in-dallas-
dies-at-88.html

A Dallas policeman
holds up the rifle used
to kill President John F. Kennedy.
Photograph: Bettmann Archive
Observer archive - Lee Harvey Oswald, 30
November 1963
Following the assassination of JFK on 22
November 1963,
the Observer sent photographer Stuart
Heydinger
and reporters Joyce Egginton and Cyril Dunn
to Dallas, Texas,
to investigate the life and motives of the
killer.
O
Sat 24 Nov 2018 18.00 GMT
https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2018/nov/24/
observer-archive-lee-harvey-oswald-30-november-1963
Zapruder film of the assassination
of
President John F. Kennedy
The 8-mm footage
of the
Kennedy motorcade
— one of the earliest
instances
of a citizen capturing
images
of an extraordinary event —
was once called
the most
important 26 seconds
in celluloid history.
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/22/
business/media/richard-stolley-dead.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/22/
business/media/richard-stolley-dead.html
John Fitzgerald Kennedy /
JFK 1917 - November 22,1963

Kennedy Campaign
Dem. Pres. cand. John Kennedy
speaking fr.
podium to crowd in street.
Location: New York, NY, US
Date taken: October 1960
Photograph: Paul Schutzer
Life Images
https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/
john-fitzgerald-kennedy
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7X0LKts7k4FT498Id_x5sg
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/17/
world/asia/eroni-kumana-who-saved-kennedy-and-his-shipwrecked-crew-dies-at-96.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/11/
us/politics/roger-hilsman-adviser-to-kennedy-on-vietnam-dies-at-94.html
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/
john-f-kennedy
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/2013/11/
the-legacy-of-president-john-f-kennedy-50-years-later/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/22/
jfk-assassination-timeline
https://www.cagle.com/news/jfk-50/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kq1PbgeBoQ4
https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/04/
arts/design/jfk-kennedy-assassination-film-auction.html
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/audio/2023/nov/24/
did-the-assassination-of-jfk-kickstart-the-conspiracy-theory-movement-
podcast
https://www.npr.org/2023/11/22/
1214479540/jkf-assassination-anniversary-60-years-clint-hill-secret-service-kennedy
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/09/
us/politics/jfk-assassination-witness-paul-landis.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/16/
us/politics/biden-jfk-assassination-papers.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/07/
opinion/resistance-black-advancement-affirmative-action.html
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/dec/16/
jfk-kennedy-assasination-new-documents-national-archive
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/09/
books/review/jeff-shesol-mercury-rising.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/08/
books/review/jfk-fredrik-logevall.html
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/sep/05/
jfk-volume-one-by-fredrik-logevall-review-the-kennedys-and-the-trumps
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/aug/23/
the-big-picture-a-tender-family-moment-with-jfk
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/16/
us/the-militarys-discrimination-problem-was-so-bad-in-the-1960s-
kennedy-formed-a-committee.html
https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2018/nov/24/
observer-archive-lee-harvey-oswald-30-november-1963
https://www.nytimes.com/video/
us/100000005516126/jfk-papers-conspiracy-theory.html - 2017
http://www.npr.org/2017/10/26/
559799857/final-jfk-assassination-files-due-to-be-released
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/25/
us/jfk-assassination-files-questions.html
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/oct/26/
john-f-kennedy-asssassination-documents-national-archives
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/gallery/2017/may/29/
john-f-kennedy-at-100-in-pictures
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/29/
opinion/john-f-kennedy-an-idealist-without-illusions.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/11/us/
jfk-letter-to-lover-to-be-auctioned.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/us/
mark-lane-who-asserted-that-kennedy-was-killed-in-conspiracy-dies-at-89.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/19/
us/politics/air-force-one-a-cherished-perk-awaiting-an-upgrade.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/24/upshot/baseballs-role-in-jfks-life.html
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/22/jfk-assassination-dallas-arlington-ceremony
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/22/jfk-50th-anniversary-assassination-live
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/22/jfk-assassination-timeline
http://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2013/nov/23/jfk-news-of-a-shooting-tv-review
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/22/cia-kennedy-assassination-conspiracy-judge
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/22/kennedy-assassination-50-years-jfk
http://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/nov/22/john-kennedy-conspiracy-theories
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/22/opinion/kennedys-legacy-of-inspiration.html
https://www.npr.org/2013/11/22/
246602045/witnessing-history-in-a-dallas-emergency-room
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/22/us/kennedy-has-been-shot-memories-from-nov-22-1963.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/22/opinion/nov-22-memories-of-that-awful-day.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/22/us/once-at-kennedys-side-now-at-one-anothers.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/22/us/in-kennedys-death-a-turning-point-for-a-nation-already-torn.html
https://www.npr.org/2013/11/16/
245550528/jfk-wrote-the-book-on-modern-presidential-campaigns
http://apps.beta620.nytimes.com/john-f-kennedy-assassination-coverage/issue.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/21/us/obama-presents-top-honor-to-bill-clinton.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/21/arts/design/recalling-kennedys-death-or-life.html
http://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/21/jfk-through-the-pages-of-the-new-york-times/
http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2013/11/12/us/20131114_DALLAS.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/21/opinion/morris-november-22-1963.html
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/21/jfk-dallas-reckon-past-hate
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/nov/21/jfk-jackie-kennedy-camelot-myth
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/21/dallas-jfk-commemoration-conspiracy-theorists-left-out
http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/nov/20/jfk-art-president-pictures
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/nov/20/jkf-asassination-history-victims-northern-ireland
http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2013/nov/20/john-f-kennedy-anniversary-photography-exhibition
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/19/john-f-kennedy-assassination-racial-equality-jfk
http://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2013/nov/19/the-parallax-view-kennedy-assassination
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/17/opinion/sunday/dallass-role-in-kennedys-murder.html
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/15/jfk-death-conspiracy-theories-50-years
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/15/arts/television/we-interrupt-this-generation.html
http://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/nov/14/abraham-zapruder-film-kennedy-killing-parkland
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/11/us/textbooks-reassess-kennedy-putting-camelot-under-siege.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/11/10/us/politics/evolving-portraits-of-jfk.html
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/10/john-f-kennedy-jfk-50-years-photographs
http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/nov/10/kennedy-jfk-letters-clarke-review
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/nov/01/
john-f-kennedy-assassination-50-years-conspiracy-books-film
http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/nov/01/10-best-books-inspired-by-jfk
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/27/books/review/the-elusive-president.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/27/books/review/jfk-a-sampler.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/27/books/review/the-interloper-by-peter-savodnik-and-more.html
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/12/jfk-dallas-kennedy-assassination-oswald
https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/10/
nyregion/ralph-a-dungan-aide-in-kennedy-white-house-
dies-at-90.html
http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/photography-blog/2013/sep/27/
john-f-kennedy-jacques-lowe-photography
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html
http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2013/may/31/jfk-to-move-the-world
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/19/us/steuart-pittman-head-of-fallout-shelter-program-dies-at-93.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/16/booming/in-a-time-of-hidden-crisis-president-visits-main-street.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/16/opinion/the-eyeball-to-eyeball-myth-and-the-cuban-missile-crisiss-legacy.html
http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/oct/15/cuban-missile-crisis-russian-roulette
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/12/us/gaeton-fonzi-76-investigated-kennedy-assassination.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/03/us/earl-rose-coroner-when-jfk-was-shot-dies-at-85.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/04/22/magazine/winogrand-look.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/05/us/stan-stearns-who-caught-jfk-jrs-salute-on-film-dies-at-76.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/12/opinion/sunday/jfks-intern.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/27/opinion/sunday/Douthat-The-Enduring-Cult-of-Kennedy.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/13/books/review/11-22-63-by-stephen-king-book-review.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/11/books/a-first-rate-madness-by-nassir-ghaemi-review.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/27/opinion/sunday/Douthat-The-Enduring-Cult-of-Kennedy.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/26/us/tom-wicker-journalist-and-author-dies-at-85.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/22/opinion/the-umbrella-man.html
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2011/nov/22/john-f-kennedy-us-politics
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/30/us/archbishop-philip-m-hannan-dies-at-98.html
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/apr/28/
jfk-oliver-stone-john-f-kennedy
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/01/us/01sorensen.html
http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2010/oct/07/rat-pack-kennedy-election-50-years
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/arts/design/23warnecke.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/09/us/09kennedy.html
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/13/jacqueline-kennedy-interviews-released-jfk
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/feb/22/kennedy.assassination
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/04/usa.mainsection
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/22/opinion/remembering-john-f-kennedy.html
http://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/jun/22/fiction.features
http://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/16/us/
john-connally-of-texas-a-power-in-2-political-parties-dies-at-76.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/20/
movies/review-film-jfk-when-everything-amounts-to-nothing.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/28/
movies/film-oliver-stone-under-fire-over-the-killing-of-jfk.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/29/books/reverberations-of-dallas.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1964/09/28/
archives/panel-unanimous-theory-of-conspiracy-by-left-or-right-is-rejected.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1964/06/30/
archives/robert-kennedy-says-oswald-acted-on-own-in-assassination.html
https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/november-22/
https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/witness/november/22/
newsid_3211000/3211055.stm
26 June 1963
Kennedy: 'Ich bin ein Berliner'
John F Kennedy
madea
ground-breaking speech in Berlin
offering American solidarity
to the citizens of West Germany.
A crowd of 120,000 Berliners gathered in front
of the Schöneberg
Rathaus (City Hall) to hear
President Kennedy speak
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/26/newsid_3379000/3379061.stm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/26/
newsid_3379000/3379061.stm
11 June 1963
Kennedy’s civil rights
speech
An epochal moment for civil rights
in a single
day
three seminal events
– a standoff with Alabama's governor,
a presidential speech
and the murder of Medgar
Evers –
left an indelible mark
on American history
(...)
In the early morning of 11 June 1963,
Attorney General
Robert Kennedy
examined maps of the University of Alabama's
Tuscaloosa
campus as his three young children
played by his
feet.
Within 18 hours, his brother, the president,
had given an impromptu
national address on
civil rights,
the Alabama governor had confronted
the
federal authorities on national television
and blinked,
and one of the movement's most prominent
leaders
had been gunned down outside his home.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/11/civil-rights-anniversary-11-june-1963
June 11, 1963, may not be a
widely
recognized date these days,
but it might have been
the
single most important day
in civil rights history.
That morning, Gov. George
Wallace,
in an effort to block the
integration
of the University of Alabama,
made his futile “stand at
the schoolhouse door.”
That evening,
Boston N.A.A.C.P. leaders engaged
in their first
public confrontation
with Louise Day Hicks, the chairwoman
of the Boston
School Committee,
over de facto public school segregation,
beginning a decade-long
struggle
that would boil over
into spectacular violence
during the early 1970s.
And just after midnight in
Jackson, Miss.,
a white segregationist murdered
the civil rights leader
Medgar Evers.
But the most important event
was one that almost didn’t happen:
a hastily arranged speech
that evening by President John F. Kennedy.
Kennedy had dabbled
with the
idea of going on TV
should the Alabama crisis drag out,
so when it ended,
his staff assumed the plan
was off.
But that afternoon he
surprised them
by calling the three networks
and personally requesting airtime
at 8 p.m.
He told his speechwriter
Theodore Sorensen
to start drafting the text,
but shortly before he went
on air
the president was still editing it.
The president had been routinely
criticized by black leaders
for being timid on civil
rights,
and no one knew just what to
expect
when the cameras started
filming.
Kennedy began slowly
and in
a matter-of-fact manner,
with an announcement that
the National Guard
had peacefully enrolled two black students
at the
University of Alabama
over Wallace’s vociferously racist objections.
But he quickly spun that
news
into a plea for national unity
behind what he, for the
first time,
called a “moral issue.”
It seems obvious today
that
civil rights should be spoken of
in
universal terms,
but at the time many white
Americans
still saw it as a regional,
largely
political question.
And yet here was the leader
of the country,
asking “every American, regardless of where he lives,”
to “stop and examine his
conscience.”
Then he went further.
Speaking during the
centennial
of the Emancipation Proclamation
— an anniversary he had
assiduously
avoided commemorating, earlier that year —
Kennedy eloquently linked
the fate of African-American citizenship
to the larger question
of
national identity and freedom.
America,
“for all its hopes and all its boasts,”
observed Kennedy,
“will not be fully free
until all its citizens are free.”
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/
opinion/kennedys-civil-rights-triumph.html
Kennedy's
Committee on Equal
Opportunity
in the Armed Forces,
known as the Gesell
Committee.

John F. Kennedy
meets with Gerhard Gesell (on his right),
Whitney Young (on his left)
and other members of the President’s
Committee
on Equal Opportunity in the Armed Forces.
Jan. 23, 1963.
Photograph: Cecil Stoughton/
White House Photographs/
John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and
Museum, Boston
The Military’s Discrimination Problem Was So
Bad in the 1960s,
Kennedy Formed a Committee
The group of lawyers and activists
toured the country, interviewing soldiers.
NYT
July 16, 2019
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/16/
us/the-militarys-discrimination-problem-was-so-bad-in-the-1960s-kennedy-formed-a-committee.html
early 1960s
Operation Mongoose
It was the late summer of 1962.
The previous year,
the U.S. invasion of the Bay of Pigs,
meant to topple the communist
regime of Fidel Castro,
had been an embarrassing failure.
The administration of President John F. Kennedy
had turned instead to a Plan B to destabilize Cuba
and hopefully take down Castro: Operation Mongoose.
https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/27/
560352638/jfk-documents-highlight-talks-on-clandestine-anti-cuba-ops
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/
rfk-operation-mongoose/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Operation_Mongoose
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/07/
juanita-castro-obituary
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/15/
us/jfk-assassination-national-archives-conspiracy.html
https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/27/
560352638/jfk-documents-highlight-talks-on-clandestine-anti-cuba-ops
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/27/
us/politics/jfk-files-cuba-castro-cold-war.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/18/
upshot/when-jfk-secretl
https://www.npr.org/2006/08/04/
5615898/10-presidents-one-dictator-u-s-cuba-policy
https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/23/
world/bay-of-pigs-enemies-finally-sit-down-together.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/23/
weekinreview/stupid-dirty-tricks-the-trouble-with-assassinations.html
https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/00/07/16/
specials/buckley-mongoose.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/05/
opinion/gaps-in-the-cuban-missile-crisis-story.html
https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/00/11/26/
specials/schlesinger-robert.html November 12, 1978
1962
Cuban Missile Crisis
On October 22, 1962,
President John F. Kennedy
informed the world
that the Soviet Union
was
building secret missile bases
on the island of Cuba,
90
miles off the shores of Florida.
The events of the next tension-filled 13 days,
known as the Cuban Missile
Crisis,
struck fear across the globe
as the world teetered on the
edge
of nuclear disaster.
The fate of the planet ultimately lay
in the hands of three
powerful men:
Khrushchev, Castro and
Kennedy.
Cuban Missile Crisis:
Three
Men Go to War explores the roles
the three
leaders played
during some of the most
dangerous moments in history,
set against the human
stories
of ordinary men in the field
such as the Soviet man
who
shot down the U2 piloted by
U.S. Air Force Major Rudolf Anderson
on the worst day of the crisis.
http://www.pbs.org/program/three-men/
https://www.pbs.org/show/three-men-go-war/
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/
john-kennedy-and-foreign-policy/
President John F. Kennedy signs a quarantine order
in October 1962 after American satellites discovered
that the
Soviet Union had positioned nuclear missiles
on Cuba, a mere 90 miles from Florida.
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/18/world/americas/us-cuba-
relations.html#slideshow/100000003333137/100000003333147
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/18/world/americas/
us-cuba-relations.html#slideshow/100000003333137/100000003333147
"We go to the Moon,
and do
the other things,
not because they are easy,
but because they are hard."
--John F. Kennedy,
speaking
at Rice University,
September 12, 1962.
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/09/this-day-in-history-jfk-gives-moon-speech.html
- broekn link
February 20,
1962
Space program
Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6)
First American orbital spaceflight

John Glenn and John Kennedy
inspect the
Friendship 7 capsule.
Photograph: Vincent P. Connolly
Associated Press
Was the Space Program Worth the Cost?
NYT
June 9, 2021
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/09/
books/review/jeff-shesol-mercury-rising.html
Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6)
was the first American orbital spaceflight,
which took place on February
20, 1962.
Piloted by astronaut John
Glenn
and operated by NASA
as part
of Project Mercury,
it was the fifth human
spaceflight,
preceded by Soviet orbital
flights
Vostok 1 and 2
and American sub-orbital
flights
Mercury-Redstone 3 and 4.
The Mercury spacecraft,
named Friendship 7,
was carried to orbit
by an Atlas LV-3B launch
vehicle
lifting off from Launch
Complex 14
at Cape Canaveral, Florida.
After three orbits,
the spacecraft re-entered
the Earth's atmosphere,
splashed down
in the North
Atlantic Ocean,
and was safely taken aboard
USS Noa.
Total mission flight time
was four hours 55 minutes
and 23 seconds.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6 - June 12, 2021
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/09/
books/review/jeff-shesol-mercury-rising.html
Kennedy's foreign policy
Vietnam
in November 1961
(Kennedy) sanctioned the use of defoliants
in a covert operation code-named Ranch Hand,
every mission flown signed
off by the president himself
and managed in Saigon by the
secret Committee 202
- the call sign for
defoliating forests being "20"
and for spraying fields "2".
(...)
When US troops became directly embroiled
in Vietnam in 1964,
the Pentagon signed
contracts worth $57m (£36m)
with eight US chemical
companies
to produce defoliants, including Agent Orange,
named after the coloured
band painted around the barrels
in which
it was shipped.
The US would target the Ho
Chi Minh trail
- Viet Cong supply lines made invisible
by the jungle
canopy along the border with Laos -
as well as the heavily
wooded
Demilitarised Zone (DMZ)
that separated the North
from the South,
and also the Mekong Delta,
a maze of overgrown swamps
and inlets
that was a haven for
communist insurgents.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/mar/29/usa.adrianlevy
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/mar/29/
usa.adrianlevy
Kennedy's foreign policy
Vietnam
On
April 29, (1961)
Kennedy approved
the
deployment of 400 Special Forces troops
to South Vietnam,
where they would train
and
advise local soldiers
against the Communist North.
Within two years,
more than 16,000 American
troops
would arrive in Vietnam.
U.S. involvement in Vietnam
may be Kennedy’s most
lasting legacy
in American foreign policy,
but at the time,
not many
Americans understood the depth
of involvement that lay ahead.
Scholars continue to debate
what Kennedy’s intentions
would have been had he
lived.
Aides to the president
have
said that he felt
an American withdrawal from Vietnam
would tarnish him as an
appeaser
— which would have been
political suicide —
but that he would have
withdrawn
after a re-election in 1964.
Historian Robert Dallek says,
“Kennedy was really doubtful
about the wisdom of
escalating the war,”
and was developing
a plan as
early as 1962
to remove all troops in
stages.
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/
john-kennedy-and-foreign-policy/
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/
john-kennedy-and-foreign-policy/
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/06/robert-mcnamara-obituary
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/06/robert-mcnamara-dies
http://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/feb/08/usa.awardsandprizes
20 January 1961
Inaugural Address
Motion picture
of President John F. Kennedy's
Inaugural Address in
Washington, D.C.
Supreme Court Chief Justice
Earl Warren
administers the oath of
office to President Kennedy.
Former President Dwight D.
Eisenhower
and former Vice President Richard M. Nixon
congratulate President
Kennedy.
In his speech
President
Kennedy urges American citizens
to
participate in public service
and "ask not what your
country can do for you
--ask what you can do for
your country."
http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/BqXIEM9F4024ntFl7SVAjA.aspx
https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/historic-speeches/
inaugural-address
8 November 1960
Kennedy is elected President
On Nov. 8, 1960,
Senator John F. Kennedy of
Massachusetts
defeated Vice President Richard M. Nixon
for the presidency
in one of
the closest and most contentious elections
in American history.
Mr. Kennedy would end up defeating Mr. Nixon
by just 0.1 percent in the
popular vote,
and the results of the
election
were still uncertain on
Tuesday night.
https://archive.nytimes.com/learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/11/08/
nov-8-1960-john-f-kennedy-elected-president/
https://archive.nytimes.com/learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/11/08/
nov-8-1960-john-f-kennedy-elected-president/
26 September 1960
Kennedy and Nixon clash in TV debate
More than 60 million Americans
tuned in to
watch the first-ever televised debate
between the two candidates
running for the
White House.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/26/
newsid_3104000/3104393.stm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/26/
newsid_3104000/3104393.stm
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/a147210f6bfaac7d.html
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/c300aa5b39d46f39.html
http://images.google.com/hosted/life/ffd7219ad56f2a54.html
Related > Anglonautes >
History
> 21st, 20th century > USA
Lyndon Baines Johnson 1908-1973
36th President of the United States 1963-1969
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
1917-November 22,1963
Robert Francis "Bobby" Kennedy 1925-1968
Kennedy dynasty
late 1940s - late 1980s
Cold war
> USA, world
1962-1975
Cold War > Vietnam
War > USA
20th century > USA > Civil rights
Related > Anglonautes >
History
> America,
USA
17th, 18th, 19th, 20th century
English America, America, USA
Racism, Slavery,
Abolition, Civil war,
Abraham Lincoln,
Reconstruction
17th, 18th, 19th century
English America, America, USA
Related > Anglonautes > Vocapedia
slavery,
eugenics,
race relations,
racial divide, racism,
segregation, civil rights,
apartheid
beliefs > conspiracy theories
Anglonautes >
Arts >
Photographers
>
20th century > USA > Civil rights
Jeffrey Henson Scales
Doy Gorton
Danny Lyon
Doris
Derby 1939-2022
Steve Schapiro 1934-2022
Fred Baldwin 1929-2021
Matt Herron 1931-2020
Don Hogan Charles 1938-2017
Robert Adelman 1930-2016
Ernest C. Withers 1922-2007
Leonard Freed 1929-2006
Gordon Parks 1912-2006
James "Spider" Martin 1939-2003
Grey Villet 1927-2000
Ed Clark 1911-2000
Ralph Waldo Ellison 1913-1994
Robert W. Kelley 1920-1991
Weegee 1899-1968
Related
Kennedy Family Tree: Three Generations of
Politics
https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/08/26/
us/kennedy-family-tree.html
Guardian > The Kennedys
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/
kennedys
|