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History > South Africa > Nelson Mandela 1918-2013
Rivonia trial (1964) > Robben Island (1964-1982)
Nelson Mandela sewing prison clothes in the yard of Robben Island prison off Cape Town, 1966.
Photograph: Express Newspapers Getty Images
Nelson Mandela's unpublished prison letters are full of life and love
Regrets, recipes for herbal tea and dreams of Winnie dancing ...
Mandela’s letters from Robben Island reveal the family man behind the political warrior G Sat 14 Jul 2018 11.00 BST
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jul/14/
Nelson Mandela: 'On Robben Island he never asked for special treatment'
Fellow ANC political prisoner Ahmed Kathrada talks about Mandela's dignity and unselfishness in jail
"In the first years, we were allowed one visit, one letter, every six months.
And the letter had to be no more than 500 words.
But we had colleagues who were illiterate.
Mr Mandela encouraged us all to study – we had to study.
Not only politics, but learning to read and write.
That type of initiative was very, very important.
It also helped morale.
"On Robben Island, the leadership, they led by example.
When we were on hunger strikes they refused to be exempted – because we had taken a decision in the ANC [African National Congress] that our senior people, particularly those who were old and not too well, should be exempted.
But they refused.
"We knew that the families of Mandela and Walter Sisulu were being harassed by the police all the time – detained, children were tortured, sent into exile – but they never allowed their concern for their families to overshadow their concern for their fellow prisoners."
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/07/
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jul/14/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/07/
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/15/
Robben Island prison Prisoner 466/64
Mr. Mandela's cell at the prison on Robben island, in shark-infested waters about seven miles off Cape Town.
The red bucket served as a toilet.
He was 44 when he was manacled and put on a ferry to the prison, and he was 71 by the time he was released.
Honoring Mandela NYT 10 December 2013
http://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/12/10/
https://www.npr.org/2018/07/17/
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/01/world/africa/
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/12/world/
http://www.theguardian.com/world/1996/feb/18/nelsonmandela.southafrica
Mandela is sentenced to life in prison June 12, 1964
Eight men, among them anti-apartheid leader and African National Congress (ANC) member Nelson Mandela, sentenced to life imprisonment in the Rivonia trial leave the Palace of Justice in Pretoria with their fists raised in defiance through the barred windows of the prison car on June 16, 1964.
The eight men were accused of conspiracy, sabotage and treason.
Photograph: AFP/Getty Images
Boston Globe > Big Picture The world mourns Mandela December 6, 2013 http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2013/12/the_world_mourns_mandela.html
In the prison car with Mandela were: Walter Sisulu, Ahmed Kathrada, Govan Mbeki, Raymond Mhlaba, Denis Goldberg, Elias Motsoaledi and Andrew Mlangeni, all sentenced to life imprisonment for conspiracy, sabotage and treason G 6 December 2013 Photograph: OFF/AFP/Getty Images
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/picture/2013/dec/06/
Mr. Mandela and seven others are convicted and sentenced to life in prison.
Mr. Mandela is sent to Robben Island prison, seven miles off the coast of Cape Town.
He will spend the next 18 years there. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/12/05/world/africa/Mandela-Timeline.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/12/05/world/africa/
http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/picture/2013/dec/06/
Rivonia convicted (from the top, left to right): Gowan / Govan Mbeki, and Dennis Goldberg.
Photograph: Radu Sigheti Reuters
Unsung heroes: the men who stood trial with Mandela G Sun 22 Jul 2018 06.00 BST
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/22/
April 20, 1964
Rivonia Trial
audio recording of speech at sabotage trial
Extracts from Nelson Mandela's statement from the dock at the opening of his trial on charges of sabotage at the supreme court of South Africa in Pretoria on 20 April 1964.
Mandela, leader of the African National Congress and of the struggle against the racist apartheid regime, was given a life sentence, of which he served 27 years, most of which was in the prison on Robben Island http://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2013/dec/05/nelson-mandela-1964-speech-audio
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jul/22/
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/07/
http://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2013/dec/05/
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/apr/23/nelsonmandela1
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/apr/23/nelsonmandela2
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/mar/29/
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/feb/11/nelsonmandela.southafrica2
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/feb/11/nelsonmandela.southafrica4
http://www.theguardian.com/world/1964/mar/01/nelsonmandela.southafrica
July 11, 1963
Government Raid in Rivonia
The police raid a farm in Rivonia, outside Johannesburg, where the A.N.C. had set up its headquarters.
They find documents outlining the group’s plan for guerrilla warfare.
Using the evidence found on the farm, the government charges Mr. Mandela and eight co-defendants with sabotage and conspiracy to overthrow the government.
The ensuing trial, which became known as the Rivonia trial, establishes Mr. Mandela’s central role in the struggle against apartheid. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/12/05/world/africa/Mandela-Timeline.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/12/05/
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