grammaire anglaise > groupe verbal > confusions à éviter

sens

Nsujet + used + toviseur -> Base Verbale

Nsujet + be / get + usedadjectif  + topréposition + N

use + N

(utiliser, se servir de)

be used +  toviseur -> Base Verbale

(passif > être utilisé pour...)

Rick McKee

cartoon

Augusta, Georgia, The Augusta Chronicle

Cagle

20 September 2010

The Guardian        Weekend        p. 8        26 November 2005

Rex Morgan        Woody Wilson and Graham Nolan

Created in 1948 by Nicholas P. Dallis        19.1.2005

http://www.kingfeatures.com/features/comics/rmorgan/about.htm

The Guardian        p. 1        21 March 2007

contraste passé / présent

Nsujet + used + toviseur -> Base Verbale

faire / être quelque chose autrefois,

parfois de façon continue ou régulière,

parfois non,

mais maintenant c'est fini :

I used to love you.

I used to be very wealthy.

I used to play the violin.

I used to be a Christian.

 I used to have so much respect for you

 I Used to Be a Superwoman.

The girl I used to be.

≠

Nsujet + be + usedadjectif + topréposition + N

avoir l'habitude de faire quelque chose

dans le présent

Tears on my pillow
Pain in my heart
How could we be broken, broken apart
Let’s not be over, let’s make it right
Don’t take me through this
Another sleepless night
’cause it’s killin’ me
That suddenly I find myself alone
I’ll try to love you better baby
Won’t you come on come on back home

Chorus:

I’m not used to wakin’ up and being by myself

I’m not used to coming home from work and no one’s there

I’m not used to missin’ anyone

I’m not used to getting no love

I’m not used to havin’ someone never touchin’ me

I’m not used to this

[ usedadjectif + topréposition + N ]

≠

I want it how it used to be

[ used + toviseur -> Base Verbale ]

Kevon Edmonds, No Love/ Copié 2.2.2005.
http://www.lyricsfreak.com/k/kevon-edmonds/78091.html

≠

be + used (passif) + toviseur -> Base Verbale

être utilisé pour / servir à

Observe

how radar was used to map Venus.

How did the British use a census?

A - It was used to keep families together.

B - It was used to calculate taxes.

C - It was used to make maps.

D - It was used for voting purposes

N-ing = forme nominalisée / groupe en fonction nominale.

Cette forme peut être remplacée

par un GN / N / pronom.

-ing nominalise le verbe et ses compléments.

Nominaliser :

transformer un élément,

par exemple un verbe,

en forme nominale.

Exemple:

You shouldn't smoke.

Smoking kills.

La  séquence -ing

forme un GN complexe

qui pourrait être utilisé comme GN sujet. 

Par exemple, ci-dessous (1),

le GN complexe pourrait être

le sujet d'un autre énoncé :

Being the less attractive partner + GV...

1 -    In her relationship with Blair,

she was always used

topréposition being the less attractive partner

- she was the brains and he was the brawn.

The court of Cherie, GE/GE2, p. 4, 06.12.2002.

Mothers-to-Be Are Getting the Message

February 7, 2011
9:15 pm
The New York Times
By DAVID BORNSTEIN

We’re used topréposition hearing about public initiatives

that get mired in politics or entangled in bureaucracy,

but we rarely hear about programs that exceed expectations.

So here’s one: last week marked the one-year anniversary

of a program called text4baby,

a service that sends free text messages to women

who are pregnant or whose babies are less than a year old,

providing them with information, and reminders,

to improve their health and the health of their babies.

Mothers-to-Be Are Getting the Message, NYT, 7.2.2011,
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/07/pregnant-mothers-are-getting-the-message/

 

It is mid-afternoon and 13 "housewives"

quietly slip a hefty dose of gin into their camomile tea

while the washing is on. Down the road,

hungover punters are hooked up to oxygen.

Michael Mansfield is used

topréposition being vilified for his links

topréposition radical causes and his glossy lifestyle.

(…) « I’m used topréposition criticism of all kinds. »

The man they love to hate, GE2, p. 4, 17.9.2002.

Get used topréposition a better view.

Meet the new Ford fusion.

Taller for a more commanding view.

Tougher to handle life in the city. (...)

tall. tough. the new fordfusion, ad, T, p. 3, 18.10.2002.

He has come a long way since his days in Genesis,

when he used toviseur dress up on stage

in outrageous costumes.

Don’t hurry, be happy, GE2, p. 14, 19.9.2002.

You’re probably used

topréposition having people with disabilities around.

I used toviseur earn a living from my legs.

I worked for a circus, where I rode astride elephants.

All of me, GE2, p. 11, 10.9.2002.

Genetic screening is here to stay.

So it’s time we got used topréposition it

and began to appreciate the benefits.

Headline, GE, p. 8, 3.9.2002.

The BBC used toviseur be really good

but it’s absolute rubbish now.

Roll up, roll up, GE2, p. 7, 21.8.2002.

passif

be + used + toviseur -> Base Verbale

servir à, être utilisé pour

Iraq said

the Al Hakum factory was used toviseur produce animal feed.

Finally they admitted it was a weapons plant

and we blew it up.

'Even if Iraq managed to hide these weapons,
what they are now hiding is harmless goo,
GE2, p. 7, 19.9.2002.

used est ici le participe passé de use.

Le GV est au passé passif (was used).

Michael Crawford in rehearsal for "Dance of the Vampires."

Computers are used toviseur program

the complex stage effects in the play.

For Flying Coffins, Smart Lights and Smoke, Just Press 'Go',
NYT/Le Monde, p.6, 20/21.10.2002.

Même structure passive qu'à l'énoncé précédent,

mais au présent (are).

Voir aussi > Anglonautes > Grammaire anglaise explicativee - niveau avancé

passif