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learning > grammaire anglaise - niveau avancé
groupe verbal
verbes à particule adverbiale,
verbestransitifs indirects à préposition + N
définition, explication
look at Nobjet
look for N
listen to N
aim at N
think of N
believe in N
approve of N
provide with N
pay for N
prevent from N
thank for N
hint at N
hear of N
resort to N
abide by N
rely on N
wait for N
bump into N
comply with N
fear of N
complain about N
Verbetransitif à préposition
Syntaxe
Dans la plupart des énoncés, ce type de verbe est suivi de sa préposition même lorsque Nobjet est placé avant le verbe :
You have nothing to complain about...
Verbe + préposition sont inséparables :
You have nothing to complain about...
Steve Greenberg The Ventura County Star Editorial cartoon Cagle 17 December 2010
A dying father looks for the perfect family to adopt his son in 'Nowhere Special'
Updated APRIL 30, 2024 NPR
‘No one knows what we stand for’: Tory MPs in despair ahead of Sunak’s crucial conference
With the party riven by factions and differences on policy, the prime minister has a job on his hands trying to find a coherent way forward
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/oct/01/
McDonald’s Workers Are Told Whom to Vote for
October 29, 2010 The New York Times By SABRINA TAVERNISE
WASHINGTON — When workers in a McDonald’s restaurant in Canton, Ohio, opened their paychecks this month, they found a pamphlet urging them to vote for the Republican candidates for governor, Senate and Congress, or possibly face financial repercussions.
By WILLIAM GLABERSON
NEW HAVEN — A former parolee with a long history as a petty criminal was convicted of capital crimes on Tuesday for his part in a nighttime home invasion in Cheshire, Conn., three years ago that left a woman and her two daughters dead. The jury deliberated less than one full day. The defendant, Steven J. Hayes, who, the testimony showed, described his eager anticipation of the crime with an “LOL” — laughing out loud — text message hours before taking part in murder, rape, kidnapping and assault at the home of the Petit family, was convicted of 16 of 17 crimes in all; he was acquitted of arson. Six of the crimes he was convicted of make him eligible for the death penalty. The same jury that sat during the three-week trial must soon determine, in a penalty phase that could last a month, whether Mr. Hayes is to be sentenced to death.
The penalty phase is to begin on Oct. 18.
Convictions on 16 Counts
in Triple-Murder Case,
Syntaxe des verbes à préposition
Dans de très nombreux énoncés, la préposition se trouve entre le verbe et Ncomplément :
Look at him!
look est suivi de la préposition at qui annonce le pronom personnelobjet him.
as Britons learn to cope with credit crisis
cope est suivi de la préposition with qui annonce le nomobjet credit crisis.
1 - Un verbebi-transitif a 2 objets,
l'un direct - Tony Blair -
l'autre indirect - neglecting the poor and creating a more "unequal" society than under Margaret Thatcher and John Major - car introduit / "aiguillé" par la préposition of :
Iain Duncan Smith accused Tony Blair yesterday of neglecting the poor and creating a more "unequal" society than under Margaret Thatcher and John Major.
Tories offer to back the poor and
minorities,
2 - Le verbe est séparé de sa préposition par un adverbe (carefully, mockingly, exclusively) ou par un nomcomplément (at the Saville Inquiry)
The Day of Decision Arrives at Last
November 1, 2010 The New York Times
To the Editor: (front page, Nov. 1): The Republicans will almost surely regain control of the House and make serious inroads in the Senate on Election Day. But when they wake up bleary-eyed on Wednesday morning they will be faced with the same impossible choices that President Obama and the Democrats have been trying to deal with for almost two years now — a high unemployment rate, an unwinnable war in Afghanistan, an education system crumbling as fast as the antiquated buildings our children attend school in and deficits of monumental proportions. I’ve listened carefully to G.O.P. and Tea Party candidates tell the public what they will do if elected — cut taxes, reduce the deficit and cut spending — but little is said about how they will accomplish this.
The Day of Decision
Arrives at Last,
Michael Jackson is threatening to sue Eminem over a music video in which the rapper refers mockingly to the child abuse allegations against Jackson and ridicules his plastic surgery.
Michael Jackson threatens to sue
over mocking video by Eminem,
On the eve of the publication of his eagerly anticipated $10m autobiography, Bill Clinton speaks exclusively to Alan Rusbridger and Jonathan Freedland in New York
Mandela
helped me survive Monicagate,
Martin McGuinness was accused at the Saville Inquiry of letting his loyalty to IRA secrecy stop the families of 13 civilians killed on Bloody Sunday from ever discovering the truth when he refused to disclose information about IRA locations on the day.
Silent witness, T,
p.1, 5.11.2003.
3 - Syntaxe des verbes à préposition > autres cas
Au passif, dans les propositions Nsujet + GVpassif + préposition + by + Nagent, les propositions infinitives, les interrogatives directes / indirectes ou les relatives déterminatives, le verbe est bien suivi de sa préposition, mais celle-ci n'est pas suivie de N : Nsujet est antéposé (placé en amont de la préposition).
Nsujet + GVpassif + préposition + by + Nagent The picture was looked at by many people.
Interrogatives directes
What are you missing out on?
What are you staring at?
What do kittens dream of?
Who should I go out with?
What sports do you listen to on the radio?
Interrogatives indirectes
I don’t know who he went to the cinema with.
4 - Relatives déterminatives
Dans une proposition relative déterminative, l'énonciateur / l'énonciatrice peut antéposer la préposition, ( = placer la préposition avant le verbe ) :
Dans l'énoncé ci-après, la séquence The group to which Sanchez referred est ici nominalisée et joue le rôle d'un Groupe Nominal complexe sujet de is :
The group to which Sanchez referred is the World Cup qualifying one also featuring England and Wales that starts in the autumn.
Sanchez aiming to stop the rot,
Kate Moss is not the first person that you would expect to bump into at the Wemyss Bay Ferry terminal, a modest building perched on the west coast of Scotland where many a Glaswegian's summer holiday has begun.
What Stella didn't see,
Parents will be presented with a framework or plan for future contact arrangements which they will be expected to comply with.
New access plan for fathers,
Sens (= sémantisme)
Dans la plupart des cas, le verbe à préposition a un sens qui se suffit à lui-même :
approve of N
rely on N
listen to N
believe in N
Dans les exemples ci-dessus, la préposition n'ajoute pas de valeur sémantique à l'élément verbal.
Dans certains cas, la préposition modifie, à divers degrés, le sens de l’élément verbal :
know of / know about (être au courant de, connaître l'existence de)
look at (regarder)
look for (chercher)
look after (surveiller)
look on (considérer)
fall for (tomber amoureux de)
stand for (représenter, défendre - contexte : politique)
sleep with (coucher avec)
stand for (représenter / symboliser / signifier)
stand by (soutenir moralement)
hear from (avoir des nouvelles de)
hear of (entendre parler de)
break into (cambrioler)
call for (réclamer, en appeler à / au, appeler à / au, demander instamment / réclamer, exiger,
tell from (distinguer, faire la différence entre),
(raconter, exprimer, faire part de, témoigner de -> contexte judiciaire; au passif : be told of -> avoir été informé).
verbe à préposition tell of
≠
verbe à particule adverbiale tell off (réprimander, "passer un savon", engueuler).
The Guardian p. 16 12 February 2009 http://digital.guardian.co.uk/guardian/2009/02/12/pdfs/gdn_090212_ber_16_21901277.pdf
The Guardian Charities p. 15 15 February 2006
The Phantom Paul Ryan (daily art), Graham Nolan (sunday art) & Tony DePaul (scripts) Kingfeatures 28 April 2005 http://www.kingfeatures.com/features/comics/phantom/about.htm - broken link
Verbe à Préposition > Prononciation
La voyelle de la préposition se prononce souvent en forme faible. schwa = [ ə ] : I’m looking at this huge telephone bill. [ ə ]
sauf en fin d’énoncé : What are you looking at? [ a ]
Voir aussi > Anglonautes > Grammaire anglaise explicative - niveau avancé
verbes à particule adverbiale,
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