learning > grammaire anglaise - niveau avancé

prépositions

préposition / groupe prépositionnel (GP)

définition, explication

rappel >

acronymes utilisés dans les Anglonautes :

forme nominale simple ou peu complexe : N / N-ing

groupe nominal particulièrement complexe : GN / GN-ing

forme verbale ou groupe verbal peu complexe : V

groupe verbal particulièrement complexe : GV

Une préposition,

c'est quoi ?

Sur le plan de la syntaxe,

une préposition

(about, against, at, for, from, in, of, on,

aspréposition, topréposition...)

ou

un groupe prépositionnel

(next topréposition, close topréposition...)

est un mot

ou

un groupe de mots invariable (-s)

qui relie ou met en relation :

N + N

A guide for taking the leap

Updated December 21, 2022    NPR

A story of family

andconjonction

of battling

against the odds.

The Guardian        Review        p. 24        21 April 2007

protect your company's identity from being stolen

The Guardian       p. 34        29 March 2007

verbe + N

Response to 1st coronavirus case in Washington state

draws on lessons from measles

January 28, 2020    NPR

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/01/28/
800248710/response-to-1st-coronavirus-case-in-washington-state-draws-on-lessons-from-measl

N  + Vpassif  + N

In Tributes,

John Lewis (is) Remembered

Aspréposition An American Hero

July 18, 2020    NPR

https://www.npr.org/2020/07/18/
892630970/in-tributes-john-lewis-remembered-as-an-american-hero

V + adjectif numéral cardinal (1, 2, 3...)

Brigid Berlin,

socialite who joined warhol’s world,

dies at 80

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/18/
arts/brigid-berlin-dead.html

adjectif + N

Losing jobless benefits is not only stressful,

it might be harmfuladjective topreposition health

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/12/03/
941941367/increased-jobless-benefits-have-health-benefits-research-shows

NBA says

9 more players test positiveadjective for coronavirus

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/07/02/
886874079/nba-says-9-more-players-test-positive-for-coronavirus

Protesting?

Here's how to help keep your family

safeadjective from COVID-19

when you go home

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/06/10/
874021507/protesting-heres-how-to-help-keep-your-family-safe-from-covid-19-when-you-go-hom

4 ways to make your workplace

equitableadjective for trans people

https://www.npr.org/2020/06/02/
867780063/4-ways-to-make-your-workplace-equitable-for-trans-people

Bannedadjective from nursing homes,

families see shocking decline

in their loved ones

https://www.npr.org/2020/06/09/
870159589/banned-from-nursing-homes-families-see-shocking-decline-in-their-loved-ones

from... topréposition...

peut relier 2 lettres

(from A to Z),

2 noms

(from Boston to Philadelphia)

ou 2 adjectifs :

essential vocab for COVID-19:

from asymptomaticadjectif

to zoonoticadjectif

https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/06/27/
883975628/essential-vocab-for-covid-19-from-asymptomatic-to-zoonotic

Sémantisme (sens, signification)

Une préposition

permet notamment de :

- se repérer

dans le temps / l'espace :

in, at, from, on, under, across, through,

between, before, after, since,

undertemporel, fortemporel...

- catégoriser, déterminer,

indiquer le thème, le contexte, le champ

de ce qui est dit :

with, about, on, topréposition, amidst,

from ... topréposition...

'Homage Topréposition Hate':

Pelosi Calls For Confederate Statues

Removed From U.S. Capitol

June 10, 2020    NPR

https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/06/10/
874417376/homage-to-hate-pelosi-calls-for-confederate-statues-removed-from-u-s-capitol

- comparer :

like / unlike

compared topréposition / with

between

- définir des relations / liens :

cause : forcausal, tocausal

agent d'une action : by

origine : fromorigine, toorigine

cible, problème : tocible

catégorisation / détermination : of

association : withassociatif

moyen : withmoyen

danger, menace : from

Protesting?

Here's How To Help Keep

Your Family Safe From COVID-19

When You Go Home

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/06/10/
874021507/protesting-heres-how-to-help-keep-your-family-safe-from-covid-19-when-you-go-hom

- faire des statistiques,

relier élément et ensemble :

in

- formuler une hypothèse,

une possibilité / éventualité :

closer to

- débattre,

marquer des contrastes / bipolarités :

for / against

sémantisme (sens)

comme d'autres mots

- noms, adjectifs -,

une préposition

peut changer de sens

en fonction du contexte :

for : pour, pendant, depuis

toward : vers, à l'encontre de

in: en, suite à

topreposition + N

vs

toviseur -> Base verbale

Boston Tavern Pivots Topréposition 'Plan B'

Toviseur Try Toviseur Survive The Pandemic

https://www.npr.org/2020/07/06/
887570594/boston-tavern-pivots-to-plan-b-to-try-to-survive-the-pandemic

syntaxe (ordre des mots)

à l'exception certaines séquences

comme

N + be discriminated against.

https://www.npr.org/2021/05/16/
997346466/80-of-asian-americans-say-they-are-discriminated-against ,

une préposition

porte toujours

sur une forme nominale (N) :

Pronom (Pron)

Nom (N)

Groupe Nominal (GN)

N ou GN en -ing (N-ing)

Swamp Dogg On

Reinvention,

Nom (N)

Country Music

Groupe Nominal (GN)

Andconjonction

Getting Another Rolls-Royce

(GN-ing)

https://www.npr.org/2020/03/09/
812921234/swamp-dogg-on-reinvention-country-music-and-getting-another-rolls-royce

syntaxe

une proposition

(S + Vtransitif + O + Complément)

peut compter

plusieurs prépositions :

Traduction > anglais -> français

Une préposition

(ici with)

peut se traduire

par un verbeparticipe passé :

A Boy With Muscular Dystrophy

Was Headed For A Wheelchair.

Thenconjonction à valeur advrebialisante (effet coup de théâtre)

Gene Therapy Arrived

July 27, 2020    NPR

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/07/27/
893289171/a-boy-with-muscular-dystrophy-was-headed-for-a-wheelchair-then-gene-therapy-arri

Un garçon atteint d'une dystrophie musculaire

était condamné au fauteuil roulant.

Une préposition

(ci-dessous with)

peut aussi se traduire

par une proposition

(SVtransitif indirectO) :

people with cancer

les personnes [ qui sont ] atteintes d'un cancer

New Push for Help

in Solving a Prosecutor’s 2001 Murder

September 28, 2011

The New York Times

By WILLIAM YARDLEY

SEATTLE — Ten years after a federal prosecutor here was shot to death while sitting at a computer in his basement, Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. and other federal law enforcement officials announced a new effort on Wednesday to seek public help in the investigation through a multimedia advertising campaign.

The prosecutor, Thomas C. Wales, 49, was killed late on the night of Oct. 11, 2001, by a gunman who investigators said stood in Mr. Wales’s backyard in the Queen Anne neighborhood of Seattle and fired through a window.

Law enforcement officials say they have investigated several suspects, pursued more than 15,000 leads and meticulously traced and tested copies of a rare type of gun barrel used in the shooting. But they still have not solved the crime. A $1 million reward remains in place.

Investigators have not publicly identified a motive for the killing. If Mr. Wales, who was an assistant United States attorney, was killed in retaliation for his work, he would be the first federal prosecutor killed in the line of duty. He also was president of a group that campaigned against gun violence.

“Although this case remains unsolved and Tom’s killer remains unknown, our resolve to uncover the truth and to help Tom’s family, friends and colleagues and neighbors find the answers and find the closure that they deserve, that has never been stronger,” Mr. Holder said.

Officials also sought the public’s help around the time of the fifth anniversary of the killing in 2006. This time, the government is placing newspaper, radio, television and Internet advertisements as well as buying space on billboards. A special Web site was to go up late Wednesday.

“This is still not a cold case,” Greg Fowler, the special agent in charge of the F.B.I.’s office in Portland, Ore., said in an interview on Wednesday.

“The case team works every day on this,” said Mr. Fowler, who is now overseeing the inquiry. “It’s their full-time job.”

He said that “some investigative considerations, which I’m not prepared to discuss,” played a role in the new public push for information, “but for the most part it’s timed to the anniversary.”

“Hopefully, this will stir something in people’s minds or spark a memory,” he said.

For years, a principal suspect in the case was a commercial airline pilot who was among four people Mr. Wales indicted on conspiracy and fraud charges in 2000. The next year, the government dismissed that case after the defendants pleaded guilty to charges related to the sale of a military helicopter. The pilot sued for legal fees four months before Mr. Wales was killed. The lawsuit was later dismissed.

Mr. Fowler would not say whether the pilot remained under investigation. Larry Setchell, a lawyer for the pilot, would not comment.

New Push for Help in Solving a Prosecutor’s 2001 Murder,
NYT,
28.9.2011,
https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/29/
us/new-push-to-solve-prosecutor-thomas-waless-murder-in-seattle.html

Voir aussi > Anglonautes > Grammaire anglaise explicative - niveau avancé

prépositions + N

conjonctions

Voir aussi > Anglonautes > Learning English >

Grammaire anglaise explicative en BD - niveau débutants / révisions

prépositions + N / N-ing