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learning > grammaire anglaise - niveau avancé
sens et valeurs énonciatives
marqueurs
-ing
portée de -ing :
le participe-ing est relatif à une proposition
(proposition = S + Vintransitif ou S + Vtransitif + O)
sens du participe-ing : conséquence, résultat, effet, signification
attention, ne pas confondre un participe-ing avec
A passenger train slams into another in southern India, killingconséquence 13 people
Israel is expanding its offensive in Gaza, forcingconséquence more Palestinians to flee south
December 5, 2023 NPR
Three car bombs targeting military patrols exploded in Baghdad on Saturday, killingconséquence four people and woundingconséquence 16,
Portée du participe-ing
Le participe-ing est ici relatif à une proposition.
Proposition = Sujet + Vintransitif, ou Sujet + Vtransitif + Objet
Le sens du participe-ing est ici d'ordre explicatif / significatif / résultatif / conséquentiel.
Il est donc essentiel et il ne peut être supprimé.
Traduction explicative : ce qui signifie, ce qui marque, ce qui veut dire que, ce qui semble indiquer, ce qui a provoqué / causé, s'est soldé par, faisant ainsi, faisant / provoquant / entraînant...
Exemples :
In a stunning, coordinated terrorist assault on symbols of U.S. economic and military power, two hijacked commercial airliners slammed into the twin towers of New York's World Trade Center on Tuesday, destroying both in calamitous explosions, and a third hijacked plane plowed into the Pentagon building, setting it afire. Shortly afterward, a Boeing 757 crashed southeast of Pittsburgh, and the authorities said it, too, appeared to have been hijacked.
Both Skyscrapers
Collapse; Huge Casualties Feared,
Lessons Unlearned on Rail Safety
December 3, 2013 The New York Times By THE EDITORIAL BOARD
When a Metro-North train jumped the tracks in the Bronx on Sunday morning, killing four people and injuring more than 70, it was going 82 miles per hour, on a 30 m.p.h. curve. Why it hit that horrific speed — whether because the engineer was sleeping, distracted or incapacitated, or because of some catastrophic mechanical failure — is a question for the National Transportation Safety Board, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, which runs Metro-North, and criminal investigators and prosecutors.
Lessons Unlearned on Rail Safety,
participe-ing en série :
une conséquence en entraîne une autre
(effet domino)
The world's biggest earthquake in 40 years hit southern Asia on December 26, 2004, unleashing a tsunami that crashed into Sri Lanka and India, drowning thousands and swamping tourist isles in Thailand and the Maldives. [ conséquence, effet ]
Photo by Reuters Graphic. Asian Tsunami Kills 12,600, Many More Homeless R Sun Dec 26, 2004 10:06 PM ET
http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=
Police were searching for two teenage assailants last night who launched a series of brutal attacks on gay men along London's South Bank, leaving one dead and at least four others injured [ conséquence de a series of brutal attacks on gay men along London's South Bank : il s'agit ici d'un constat, et non d'un commentaire ]
Gay man killed on South
Bank,
NEW YORK (Reuters) - U.S. stock futures soared on Wednesday, indicating the market would jump at the start, [ analyse, signification ] as investors bet that President Bush has won a second term in the White House, which could dispel the uncertainty that has dogged markets for months.
Stocks
to Jump as Wall St Bets on Bush,
Insurgents mounted fresh attacks in Baghdad today, killing a senior oil ministry official and an American soldier and kidnapping a Lebanese-American contractor.
[ résultat de l'action exprimée par la proposition principale, constat de l'énonciateur ]
Insurgents strike in
Baghdad:
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Democratic Sen. John Kerry conceded the White House race to President Bush in a phone call on Wednesday, ending the drama of ballot counting in Ohio and cementing Bush's re-election to a second four-year term.
[ conséquence de la principale, appréciation / commentaire de l'énonciateur ]
Kerry Concedes Election to
Bush,
Van Rolls Into Conn. Pond, Killing 3
July 5, 2007 Filed at 10:06 a.m. ET By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
BRIDGEPORT, Conn. (AP) -- A 6-year-old boy was the lone survivor of a minivan that rolled into a pond, trapping him and three others for up to 25 minutes
[ conséquence, effet ], before police divers were able to pull them out. The boy was in critical condition Thursday.
The minivan's driver, Michelle McIntosh, had gotten out of the van and chased it, screaming for help
[ information supplémentaire / circonstancielle ],
as it rolled 60 or 70 yards down a steep hill at a park near her home Wednesday, police said. She jumped in the van just before it went in the water, police said. She and two other children, including her son David, were killed, police said. ''It's a real tragedy for a family in Bridgeport,'' Mayor John Fabrizi said.
'A
day of sorrow for all Bridgeporters.'' in 15 to 20 feet of water for 20 to 25 minutes before members of the Bridgeport police scuba team pulled them out. Rescuers tried to revive them before they were taken to hospitals, where they died. The chief medical examiner's office identified McIntosh and her son late Wednesday, but did not identify the other children. Police said all three children were younger than 7. The 6-year-old boy who survived was in critical condition at Yale-New Haven Hospital, hospital spokesman Mark D'Antonio said Thursday. Fire Battalion Chief Ismael Pomales said McIntosh apparently had gotten out of the van to ask directions to a holiday barbecue, but police would not confirm that Wednesday night. He said people nearby tried unsuccessfully to stop the van, and that fire personnel were not able to reach those trapped inside. ''It's horrible,'' Pomales said. ''We've had children die before. That's probably one of the toughest things for any rescue person to deal with.'' Blanch Arpie, a neighbor, called the McIntoshes a close-knit family. ''It's breaking my heart,'' Arpie said. It's just horrible.''
Van Rolls Into
Conn. Pond, Killing 3,
Scores of Tornadoes Slam Midwest States
November 17, 2013 The New York Times By EMMA G. FITZSIMMONS
Severe storms moved through the Midwest on Sunday, leveling towns, killing at least five people in Illinois and injuring dozens more, and causing thousands of power failures across the region.
[ conséquence de la proposition principale ; il s'agit ici d'un constat, et non d'un commentaire ] Scores of Tornadoes Slam
Midwest States,
Prudential announced plans for a £1bn cash call yesterday, shocking investors and sparking an 8% fall in its share price.
[ conséquence, effet ]
£1bn cash call
shocks Pru investors,
In a balanced, multi-party parliamentary democracy, Ralph Nader would have been a candidate for secular sainthood. He forced consumer protection - physical and financial - on to the public agenda in the 1960s, saving thousands of lives and billions of dollars.
[ conséquence, effet > sauvant ainsi... ]
He championed freedom of information laws that declared that public records belong to the people, not to those who compile them. His focus on corporate kleptocracy led to reforms - albeit temporary - in political campaign finance.
Ralph
Nader: Time
to step aside, headline
and §1,
Un segment -ing peut renvoyer au segment précédent :
SINGAPORE (Reuters) - The U.S. dollar stumbled on Monday, setting multi-month lows against the yen and euro
[ conséquence de la proposition principale ]
and trading around four-year lows against the Korean won and Singapore dollar
[ conséquence de la proposition principale, information complémentaire sur l'état / la valeur de dollar ],
prompting investors to clip Asian share markets
[ conséquence de trading around four-year lows against the Korean won and Singapore dollar ].
Asian Shares Fall on Dollar; Gold, Oil Up, R, Sun Oct 24, 2004 11:30 PM
ET,
BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Guerrillas stormed a Baghdad police station and ambushed an American patrol, killing a soldier and wounding nine in daylight attacks in the capital on Saturday,
[ conséquence, effet, résultat ] .
defying efforts to crush a Sunni Muslim revolt
[ traduction explicative : défiant ainsi... ] .
Hours after a U.S. general acknowledged that it was hasty to claim this month's offensive on Falluja had broken the back of the insurgency, rebels killed three policemen in a dawn strike on their station in Baghdad's Sunni Aadhamiya district.
Rebels Attack Baghdad Police, Troops,
Three Car Bombs Kill 4, Wound 16 in Baghdad
Sat Apr 30, 2005 02:00 PM ET Reuters
BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Three car bombs targeting military patrols exploded in Baghdad on Saturday, killing four people and wounding 16,
[ conséquence, effet, résultat ]
police said. Militants detonated one car bomb alongside a joint Iraqi and U.S. military patrol in the Zayuna district of eastern Baghdad, as it passed near a police station, killing two passers-by, one of them a child, and wounding 10
[ conséquence, effet, résultat ].
Three Car
Bombs Kill 4, Wound 16 in Baghdad,
CBS News anchor Dan Rather on Wednesday strongly defended his 60 Minutes story critical of President Bush's military service, saying that his report is true but that legitimate questions have been raised about the authenticity of documents he used to support it
[ ajout, complément d'information ].
Rather says memo flap doesn't change
his story,
NEW ORLEANS (Reuters) - Hurricane Ivan killed at least two people on Wednesday as it began to batter U.S. shores with high winds and ferocious surf, touching off tornadoes that ripped through coastal cities
[ ajout, complément d'information ].
Hurricane
Ivan Slams U.S. Gulf Coast, Kills Two, R, 15.9.2004,
Voir aussi > Anglonautes > Grammaire anglaise explicative - niveau avancé
-ing > valeur adjectivale d'un segment-ing
-ing > question > présupposition
séquences auxilaires / verbales :
Anglonautes > Vocapedia
consequence, effect, impact, reaction,
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