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learning > grammaire anglaise - niveau avancé
expression du passé
rétro-formes > past perfect
past perfect actif simple
hadauxiliaire + verbeau participe passé
valeur énonciative
marquage de l'antériorité
information factuelle, A s'est produit avant B :
------A ------ B -----> now
≠
past perfect actif -ing
hadauxiliaire + beenauxiliaire be au participe passé + -ing
valeur énonciative
gros plan, mise sur le devant de la scčne énonciative d'un fait antérieur
past perfect actif simple
hadauxiliaire + verbeau participe passé
I stuckpassé irrégulier my head in the sand and pretendedpassé régulier it hadn't happened
The Guardian G2 p. 4 7 February 2007
past perfect -ing
hadauxiliaire + beenauxiliaire be au participe passé + -ing
gros plan, mise sur le devant de la scčne énonciative d'un fait antérieur important
Convicted Murderer Found After Escaping Prison in Mississippi
The man, who had been serving a life sentence, broke out of the state’s newest prison on Christmas Eve, officials said.
https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/25/
Une transposition au present perfect actif simple perdrait en force énonciative et serait męme incohérente :
?! The man, who had served a life sentence, broke out of the state’s newest prison on Christmas Eve, officials said.
We had an ordinary marriage.
Then I found outpassé irrégulier my husband had been viewing images of child abuse
Hospitals Send Bill After Mental Patients Pursue Damages
December 24, 2010
Daniel J. Langevin was [ passé actif ] 35, mentally ill and broke. He had been living in psychiatric institutions on and off since his early 20s. [ bilan dans un contexte passé, avec dramatisation > past perfect -ing ]
A friend who visited him at the Rochester Psychiatric Center in February 1995 remembered that Mr. Langevin had pain in his jaw, eye and face that was not getting much attention from the staff. A week later, he was discovered unconscious, with a near-fatal infection spreading to his brain and other organs. Mr. Langevin sued New York State, which operates the hospital, and probably would have won a sizable award. But the state countered by demanding that Mr. Langevin reimburse it $1.7 million for 10 years of inpatient care he had received. A judge sided with the state, and Mr. Langevin wound up with nothing.
Hospitals Send Bill
After Mental Patients Pursue Damages,
Fifty years ago, on Saturday, February 28, 1953, two young scientists walked [ passé actif ] into the Eagle, a dingy pub in Cambridge, England, and announced [ concordance des temps > passé actif ] to the lunchtime crowd that they had discovered [ antériorité par rapport ŕ un instant passé > past perfect actif ] the secret of life.
Double Helix Leaps
Fom Lab to Real Life,
----- A (had discovered ) ---- B (walked / announced / 28 February 1953) ----> NOW
Even before all the facts trickled out, [ passé actif ] the little that was known [ passé passif ] was already terrible. [ passé actif ]
On March 26, 2018, the wreckage of an S.U.V. was spotted [ passé passif ] at the bottom of a cliff along the Pacific Coast Highway.
The bodies of two adult women were [ passé actif ] in the front seats; outside the car were the bodies of three children. [ passé actif ]
The remains of two more children would eventually be discovered nearby, and another child was presumed dead. [ passé passif ] (His body was never found.) [ passé passif ]
A family of eight had plunged off a cliff [ antériorité > past perfect actif ] — it had to be an awful accident. [ passé actif ]
But there were no skid marks [ passé actif ] The driver had accelerated. [ antériorité > past perfect actif ] Autopsies on the children’s bodies found [ passé actif ] enormous doses of generic Benadryl.
It turned out [ passé actif ] that the women had been investigated [ antériorité > past perfect passif ] for child abuse in three different states.
Investigators concluded [ passé actif ] that Jennifer and Sarah Hart, a white married couple who had adopted six Black children [ antériorité > past perfect actif ] during the decade before, had committed murder-suicide. [ antériorité > past perfect actif ] A
Family’s Murder-Suicide and a Foster Care System in Crisis
Virus Variant in Brazil Infected Many [ passé actif ]
Who Had Already Recovered From Covid-19 [ past perfect actif ]
of the so-called P.1 variant show how it devastated a Brazilian city.
Now scientists want to know what it will do elsewhere.
NYT,
Recent Drone Strikes Strain U.S. Ties With Afghanistan and Pakistan
November
29, 2013
(...) that two drone attacks had taken place [ antériorité > past perfect actif ] in Helmand Province on Thursday. The first, in Garmsir district, targeted an insurgent commander traveling on a motorcycle, but the missile missed him and apparently hit civilians; one child was reported killed, and two women were severely wounded. The targeted man fled on foot and was killed by a later drone strike. In the second attack, in Nawa Barak Sai district nearby, a drone strike killed [ passé actif ] a single insurgent who had been targeted, [ antériorité > past perfect passif : had + beauxiliaire au participe passé + Vau participe passé ]
causing no civilian casualties, the official said.
But Mr. Karzai’s spokesman, Aimal Faizi, disputed the NATO account. He said that in the first instance, American drones fired missiles at the man while he was riding a motorbike but also while he was hiding in a house. Omar Zwak, the spokesman for the Helmand governor, identified the target of the strike as Mullah Nazar Gul, who he said was a bomb maker.
Mr. Zwak said [ passé actif ]
the man had been killed inside a house. [ antériorité > past perfect passif : had + beauxiliaire au participe passé + Vau participe passé ]
Recent Drone Strikes Strain U.S. Ties
Freed From Prison, Long Island Man Takes to Pulpit
December 24, 2010
CORAM, N.Y. — A Long Island man whose prison sentence in the fatal shooting a 17-year-old in front of his home was commuted by Gov. David A. Paterson said [ passé actif ] Friday
that he was haunted [ passé passif ]
by what he had done. [ antériorité > past perfect actif ]
Freed From Prison, Long
Island Man Takes to Pulpit,
ALEXANDRIA, La. (AP) -- Police shot to death [ passé actif ]
a man who had shot [ antériorité > past perfect actif ] five people in a downtown law office and holed up in the building for hours, firing at officers and holding two victims inside. Police Kill Man Who Shot 5 at La. Office,
FALLUJA, Iraq, Nov. 8 - The two marines were pinned down [ passé passif ] on a roof on Monday, pressing themselves against a low, crumbling wall as insurgents fired rocket-propelled grenades at them from a building near the middle of town.
Hours before, they had clambered [ antériorité > past perfect actif simple ] over a railroad embankment - a berm, to the engineering-minded - and started their advance into this rebel-held city.
Urban Warfare Deals Harsh Challenge to Troops,
It was [ passé actif ] a scene from hell.
When the Italian coastguards boarded [ passé actif ]
the dilapidated wooden fishing boat in high seas on Sunday, flying no colours and with no name, they found [ passé actif ] 15 survivors and 13 corpses.
They had been warned [ antériorité > past perfect passif ] what to expect.
The first craft on the scene, an Italian fishing boat, had spotted [ antériorité > past perfect actif simple ] the living and the dead mixed up together.
They had tossed [ antériorité > past perfect actif simple ] bottles of water and bread across to the survivors, but the seas were too high for them to risk boarding.
When the coastguards arrived, [ passé actif ] they found [ passé actif ] the deck littered with bodies, while those left alive were wailing for help. [ be + -ing au passé actif ]
They were [ passé actif ] at their last gasp, human skeletons. Strewn with corpses,
Le passé peut également marquer l'antériorité
he believed husband killed two infant sons
his 'unique knowledge' compelled him to inform police he believed husband killed two infant sons
Professor stands by baby
murder claim,
Voir aussi > Anglonautes > Grammaire anglaise explicative - niveau avancé
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