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learning > grammaire anglaise - niveau avancé
expression du passé
rétro-formes > past perfect
past perfect actif simple
hadauxiliaire + verbeau participe passé
valeur énonciative
bilan
Syntaxe
Present perfect et past perfect (appelé aussi pluperfect) se construisent avec haveauxiliaire.
Dans certaines grammaires, -EN est le symbole du participe passé.
Il s'agit bien d'un symbole, et non d'une terminaison.
Exemples de verbes au participe passé : thought, taken, become, cut, worked.
Present perfect actif et past perfect actif :
have / had est suivi du Vau participe passé.
Present perfect : haveauxiliaire + verbeau participe passé.
Past perfect : hadauxiliaire +verbeau participe passé.
Present perfect passif et past perfect passif :
have / had est suivi de been et du Vau participe passé.
Present perfect : haveauxiliaire + been + verbeau participe passé.
Past perfect : hadauxiliaire + been + verbeau participe passé.
(haveauxiliaire + Vau participe passé),
le past perfect simple actif (hadauxiliaire + Vau participe passé)
sert notamment à faire un bilan, mais dans un contexte passé, sur une période révolue.
Cette rétro forme verbale s'insère donc dans une suite d'énoncés où les autres verbes sont au passé (concordance / cohérence des temps).
Le past perfect simple actif peut aussi contribuer à attribuer un "plus" énonciatif aux mots de l'énoncé :
Within the space of a single year Grand had built his thought into a distillery, and a distellery into a family philosophy.
The Guardian Weekend p. 8 20 December 2008
http://digital.guardian.co.uk/guardian/2008/12/20/
Doc Watson, Blind Guitar Wizard Who Influenced Generations, Dies at 89
May 29,
2012
Doc Watson, the guitarist and folk singer whose flat-picking style elevated the acoustic guitar to solo status in bluegrass and country music, and whose interpretations of traditional American music profoundly influenced generations of folk and rock guitarists, died [ passé actif ] on Tuesday in Winston-Salem, N.C. He was [ passé actif ] 89.
[ bilan d'une période passée, puisqu'il y a décès > past perfect actif ] blind since he was a baby, died [ passé actif ] in a hospital after recently undergoing abdominal surgery, The Associated Press quoted [ passé actif ]
a hospital spokesman as saying. On Thursday his daughter, Nancy Ellen Watson, said he had been hospitalized after falling at his home in Deep Gap, N.C., adding that he did not break any bones but was very ill.
Doc Watson,
Border shelling overshadows U.S.-Pakistan-Afghan talks
KABUL/ISLAMABAD | Mon Jun 27, 2011
KABUL/ISLAMABAD (Reuters) - Fighting across the Pakistan-Afghanistan border will overshadow talks when the two countries meet along with the United States on Tuesday to map out plans for reconciliation with the Taliban.
Pakistan on Monday rejected [ passé actif ] Afghan allegations it had fired [ antériorité dans un contexte passé > past perfect actif ] 470 rockets into Afghanistan over the past three weeks, saying only that "a few accidental rounds" may have crossed the border when it pursued militants [ passé actif ] who had attacked its security forces. [ antériorité dans un contexte passé > past perfect actif ]
But the escalation of fighting on the border between Pakistan's ethnic Pashtun tribal areas and Afghanistan has underscored the difficulties the three countries face in working together to reach a political settlement to the 10-year Afghan war. Border shelling overshadows U.S.-Pakistan-Afghan talks,
From Bloody Scene to E.R., Life-Saving Choices in Tucson
January 14, 2011
TUCSON — The moment Tony Compagno stepped off his fire engine, frantic people spattered with blood began running up to direct him to gunshot victims. Among the wounded was Representative Gabrielle Giffords, who had been shot in the head. Mr. Compagno was one of the first paramedics to reach the scene of the shooting rampage at a shopping center in Tucson last Saturday. “Lots of people were laying on the ground,” said Mr. Compagno, from Fire Station 30...
(...)
A First Funeral come through the doors of the trauma center last Saturday — except for Christina. Five days after the girl’s death, his secretary told him he was invited to Christina’s funeral. He did not ask from whom the invitation came. Was it from the family? Or did the nurses planning to share a bus to join the thousands of mourners seek him out? It did not matter. Without hesitating, he decided he would go. There was no time for Dr. Friese to meet Mr. and Mrs. Green on Saturday. He was too busy attending to other patients, so it fell to a pediatric specialist to tell them the outcome. And he did not meet them Thursday either. “I’m very glad that I didn’t meet her parents,” he said. “I think I would have had trouble. I would have had emotional ...” His voice trailed off. “I would have embarrassed myself,” he said. He closed his eyes for just a moment
and sighed once more. “I usually don’t get upset.” He add, “I don’t know why, it’s just tough.”
When he showed up [ passé actif ] at the funeral in his blue scrubs and his white surgeon’s jacket, police officers helped [ passé actif ] him move through the overflow crowd waiting outside the church.
He was ushered right in. [ passé passif du verbe à particule usher in ]
It was [ passé actif ] the first time he had ever attended a patient’s funeral. [ bilan dans un contexte passé > past perfect ]
From Bloody Scene to
E.R., Life-Saving Choices in Tucson,
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Iraq had [ passé actif ] no stockpiles of biological and chemical weapons before last year's U.S.-led invasion and its nuclear program had decayed [ bilan dans un contexte passé > past perfect actif ] since the 1991 Gulf War, a weapons inspector appointed by the Bush administration said [ passé actif ] on Wednesday.
U.S.
Inspector at Odds with Bush on Iraq Weapons,
A statement released on behalf of the company that owns the transporter, Elliott Sargeant of Totton, Southhampton, said [ passé actif ]
it was [ passé actif ] "devastated".
It had been [ bilan dans un contexte passé > past perfect actif ]
the first accident involving one of its vehicles in more than eight years of trading.
Five killed as pile-up brings M1 to a halt,
Mr Blunkett also confirmed [ passé actif ]
that police numbers had reached [ bilan dans un contexte passé > past perfect actif ]
a record high of 136,386, breaking the government's target by nearly 4,000 six months early.
Bring back our bobby, say gun
victim's daughters:
Voir aussi > Anglonautes > Grammaire anglaise explicative - niveau avancé
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