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Vocapedia >
Health,
Medicine > Viruses
RNA Viruses >
Poliovirus
Poliomyelitis / Polio disease
Joel Pett
political cartoon
GoComics
August 26, 2022
https://www.gocomics.com/joelpett/2022/08/26
Every Last Child
ImageNation AbuDhabi 28 October 2014
Every Last Child
Video
ImageNation AbuDhabi 28 October 2014
Director: Tom Roberts
EVERY LAST CHILD is the dramatic story
of five people caught up
in the current polio crisis in
Pakistan
It tells of their sorrow,
sacrifice and fearless
determination
in the face of mistrust, cynicism and violence.
YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nMJvHINvz7Y
poliovirus > poliomyelitis / polio UK
https://www.theguardian.com/society/
polio
2024
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2024/mar/16/
global-eradication-of-polio-tantalisingly-close-with-uk-urged-to-keep-up-funding
2022
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/jun/30/
polio-virus-britain-london-sewer-vaccination
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/jun/07/
polio-outbreak-in-pakistan-worsens-as-eighth-child-reported-paralysed
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/apr/25/
spectre-of-polio-returns-to-haunt-pakistan-as-baby-boy-is-left-paralysed
2020
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/nov/06/
un-urges-resumption-of-mass-measles-and-polio-vaccinations-covid
https://www.theguardian.com/football/audio/2020/may/27/
forgotten-stories-of-football-jeff-hall-footballer-whose-death-turned-tide-against-polio-podcast
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/may/24/
my-familys-history-reveals-the-terrible-toll-a-pandemic-takes-on-mental-health
2019
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/aug/21/
major-milestone-africa-on-brink-of-eliminating-polio
stealthy virus USA
https://www.propublica.org/article/
polio-virus-us-new-york-vaccine - July 26, 2022
USA > poliovirus > poliomyelitis / polio USA
/ UK
Tens of thousands of Americans
— in the first half of the 20th century —
were stricken by poliomyelitis.
Polio, as it's known,
is a disease that attacks
the central nervous system
and often leaves its victims
partially or fully paralyzed.
The hallmarks of the Polio Era
were children on crutches and in
iron lungs,
shuttered swimming pools,
theaters warning moviegoers
to not sit too close to one another.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/npr-history-dept/2015/04/10/
398515228/defeating-the-disease-that-paralyzed-america
2024
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/mar/13/
paul-alexander-lawyer-who-lived-for-decades-with-an-iron-lung-dies-aged-78
https://www.npr.org/2024/03/13/
1238251518/iron-lung-polio-paul-alexander
2023
https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2023/04/10/
1168141163/the-dream-of-wiping-out-polio-might-need-a-rethink
2022
https://www.npr.org/2022/09/10/
1122196513/poliovirus-detected-in-more-wastewater-near-new-york-city
https://www.gocomics.com/joelpett/2022/08/26
https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/08/24/
1119128556/new-york-counties-gear-up-
to-fight-a-polio-outbreak-among-the-unvaccinated
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/aug/02/
never-give-up-why-the-worlds-struggle-against-polio-is-not-over
https://www.propublica.org/article/
polio-london-jerusalem-new-york - July 29, 2022
https://www.propublica.org/article/
polio-virus-us-new-york-vaccine - July 26, 2022
https://www.npr.org/2022/07/22/
1113018772/polio-new-york-case
https://www.npr.org/2022/07/21/
1112802233/polio-case-new-york-live-vaccine
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/22/
health/uk-polio-london-poliovirus.html
https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2022/04/26/
1092867458/vaccine-derived-polio-is-on-the-rise-a-new-vaccine-aims-to-stop-the-spread
2021
https://www.npr.org/2021/11/08/
1053603338/jill-biden-covid-vaccine-kids-virginia-school-polio
https://www.npr.org/2021/10/25/
1047691984/decades-after-polio-martha-is-among-the-last-to-still-rely-on-an-iron-lung-to-br
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/09/
health/polio-eradication-plan.html
https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/05/03/
988756973/cant-help-falling-in-love-with-a-vaccine-how-polio-campaign-beat-vaccine-hesitan
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/01/
style/vaccine-selfies.html
https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/02/24/
968730972/pakistans-polio-playbook-has-lessons-for-its-covid-19-vaccine-rollout
https://www.npr.org/2021/01/25/
960354929/in-tiny-kansas-town-pandemic-skeptics-abound-amid-false-information-and-politics
2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/25/
health/covid-vaccine-polio.html
https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/10/30/
929080692/the-campaign-to-wipe-out-polio-was-going-really-well-until-it-wasnt
https://www.npr.org/2020/05/30/
861887610/among-the-1st-to-get-a-polio-vaccine-peter-salk-says-dont-rush-a-covid-19-shot
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/24/
health/pakistan-vaccination-polio.html
https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/05/22/
860789014/the-race-for-a-polio-vaccine-differed-from-the-quest-to-prevent-coronavirus
https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/05/12/
852376351/there-was-so-little-information-polio-survivors-offer-pandemic-perspective
2019
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/23/
health/polio-strain-eradication.html
2018
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/28/
obituaries/pam-henry-dead.html
https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/05/26/
614020750/why-its-so-hard-to-wipe-out-polio-in-pakistan
2017
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/20/
health/polio-eradication-videos.html
2016
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/12/
health/polio-nigeria.html
http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/08/06/
488665391/the-mis-education-and-remarkable-triumph-of-georgina-mamba
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/12/
health/for-polio-vaccines-a-worldwide-switch-to-new-version.html
2015
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/
health/a-move-closer-to-total-disappearance-of-polio.html
https://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/09/30/
photographing-the-frontlines-of-the-global-battle-against-polio/
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/08/
health/west-african-child-is-paralyzed-by-vaccine-derived-polio.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/12/
health/a-milestone-in-africa-one-year-without-a-case-of-polio.html
http://www.npr.org/blogs/npr-history-dept/2015/04/10/
398515228/defeating-the-disease-that-paralyzed-america
http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/02/12/
385759694/nigeria-is-on-the-verge-of-bidding-goodbye-to-polio
2014
http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2014/12/26/
371201551/how-to-make-an-unboring-documentary-about-polio
2013
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/12/15/
251109427/they-shot-for-zero-but-couldnt-squash-polio-in-2013
2014
http://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/aug/22/
polio-double-vaccine-study-who
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/06/
health/world-health-organization-polio-health-emergency.html
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/05/05/
309868063/the-comeback-of-polio-is-a-public-health-emergency
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/17/
303403242/polio-hits-equatorial-guinea-threatens-central-africa
2013
https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/22/
health/pakistan-fights-for-ground-in-war-on-polio.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/21/us/
hilary-koprowski-developed-live-virus-polio-vaccine-dies-at-96.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/10/
arts/music/james-depreist-pioneering-conductor-dies-at-76.html
2010
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/05/
books/05book.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/26/
education/26mccollum.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/03/
health/03polio.html
2004
https://www.economist.com/news/2004/06/23/
another-health-disaster-in-africa
1960
https://www.nytimes.com/1960/08/10/
archives/ironlung-mother-gives-birth-to-6pound-14ounce-girl-here.html
1959
https://www.nytimes.com/1959/07/12/
archives/celia-surovsky-dead-polio-patient-was-confined-to-iron-lung-26.html
1955
https://www.nytimes.com/1955/10/17/
archives/flood-perils-iron-lung-but-polio-victims-manage-to-keep-power.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1955/03/21/
archives/student-dies-of-polio-marjorie-paine-19-continued-education-in-iron.html
1954
https://www.nytimes.com/1954/11/13/
archives/fred-snite-jr-polio-victim-dies-confined-18-years-in-an-iron-lung.html
1952
https://www.nytimes.com/1952/12/17/
archives/polio-victim-has-child-completely-paralyzed-she-is-returned-to-iron.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1952/08/24/
archives/iron-lung-sped-to-maine-four-new-cases-of-polio-raise-states-total.html
1951
https://www.nytimes.com/1951/10/19/
archives/polio-victim-flies-ocean-iron-lung-is-used-for-woman-stricken-in.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1951/10/02/
archives/baby-born-in-iron-lung-polio-sufferer-22-and-5pound-girl-reported.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1951/07/29/
archives/for-polio-patients-a-rocking-bed-replaces-iron-lung-to-help.html
1950
https://www.nytimes.com/1950/06/22/
archives/stricken-girl-wins-150-13yearold-polio-victim-spent-five-months-in.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1950/04/18/
archives/birdsall-sweet-is-dead-of-polio-in-iron-lung-19-of-his-32-years.html
1949
https://www.nytimes.com/1949/12/26/
archives/hope-lives-in-iron-lung-birdsall-sweet-stricken-with-polio-in-1931.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1949/10/04/
archives/new-respirator-a-bulbar-polio-aid-device-size-of-portable-radio.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1949/07/31/
archives/iron-lung-is-made-from-odds-and-ends-by-muncie-ind-inventor-in.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1949/07/17/
archives/infant-is-polio-victim-stricken-mother-died-after-his-birth-in-iron.html
1946
https://www.nytimes.com/1946/12/18/
archives/iron-lung-to-go-to-mexic0-today-500pound-respirator-is-gift-of.html
1945
https://www.nytimes.com/1945/08/07/
archives/belgian-polio-cases-to-get-3-iron-lungs.html
wild polio
USA
http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/06/28/
534403083/mutant-strains-of-polio-vaccine-now-cause-more-paralysis-than-wild-polio
Polio is an infectious disease
caused by any one
of the three types of polio virus.
What causes polio?
Polio is caused by a ‘picornavirus’.
This is one of a group of viruses
that live in the intestine.
These viruses can be found
in the stools of people with polio
for up to six weeks
after the start of the illness.
Polio mainly affects people
who haven't been immunised.
Many parts of the world
don’t have a problem with polio
after immunisation programmes
which have wiped out the disease.
In the UK, immunisation
is automatically offered
to everyone as a baby.
Children then have booster doses
just before they start school,
and then again after they leave.
It is young children
who are the most at risk from polio,
but adults can also have the disease.
http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/medical-conditions/
search-for-medical-conditions/polio/polio-information/
polio / crippling disease
http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/17/
474580802/new-polio-vaccine-rolled-out-in-massive-synchronized-worldwide-switch
life-threatening disease
USA
https://www.npr.org/2022/09/10/
1122196513/poliovirus-detected-in-more-wastewater-near-new-york-city
contract
UK
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/aug/02/
never-give-up-why-the-worlds-struggle-against-polio-is-not-over
cases UK
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/aug/02/
never-give-up-why-the-worlds-struggle-against-polio-is-not-over
break out
USA
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/aug/02/
never-give-up-why-the-worlds-struggle-against-polio-is-not-over
polio outbreak UK
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/jun/07/
polio-outbreak-in-pakistan-worsens-as-eighth-child-reported-paralysed
USA > iron lung
UK / USA
https://www.npr.org/2024/03/13/
1238251518/iron-lung-polio-paul-alexander
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/jun/30/
polio-virus-britain-london-sewer-vaccination
https://www.npr.org/2021/10/25/
1047691984/decades-after-polio-
martha-is-among-the-last-to-still-rely-on-an-iron-lung-to-br
people with polio
viral diseases > polio, hepatitis and mononucleosis
USA
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/26/
education/26mccollum.html
polio > virus > strain
USA
http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/17/
303403242/polio-hits-equatorial-guinea-threatens-central-africa
polio infections USA
https://www.propublica.org/article/
polio-virus-us-new-york-vaccine - July 26, 2022
paralyze
USA
https://www.propublica.org/article/
polio-virus-us-new-york-vaccine - July 26, 2022
scourge USA
https://www.propublica.org/article/
polio-virus-us-new-york-vaccine - July 26, 2022
wastewater surveillance for diseases like polio
USA
https://www.propublica.org/article/
polio-virus-us-new-york-vaccine - July 26, 2022
Global Polio Eradication Initiative
USA
https://www.propublica.org/article/
polio-virus-us-new-york-vaccine - July 26, 2022
immunization campaigns
USA
https://www.propublica.org/article/
polio-virus-us-new-york-vaccine - July 26, 2022
be eradicated
ISA
https://www.propublica.org/article/
polio-virus-us-new-york-vaccine - July 26, 2022
virologist USA
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/21/
us/hilary-koprowski-developed-live-virus-polio-vaccine-dies-at-96.html
Hilary Koprowski (born in Warsaw) USA 1916-2013
Dr. Koprowski
was one of the world’s
foremost biomedical
researchers,
helping usher in a spate of innovations,
including a safer, less painful
and more effective rabies vaccine
that remains widely used.
But his most noteworthy innovation
— developing the first viable
vaccine against polio
and testing it successfully
on humans —
is far less well known.
It has long been eclipsed
in public memory
by the
triumphs of Salk,
whose injectable vaccine
was introduced in 1955,
and Sabin, whose oral vaccine
was introduced in stages
in the early 1960s.
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/21/us/
hilary-koprowski-developed-live-virus-polio-vaccine-dies-at-96.html
USA > April 12, 1955
USA
the U.S. government licensed
the first vaccine against
poliomyelitis,
created by Dr. Jonas Salk,
after scientists announced that
day
that it was found to be
80 percent to 90 percent
effective.
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/25/
science/mass-vaccine-drives.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/25/
science/mass-vaccine-drives.html
https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1955/04/13/
issue.html
Jonas Salk's polio vaccine
USA
http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/04/12/
398806324/jonas-salks-polio-vaccine-makes-a-comeback
polio vaccine USA
http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/06/28/
534403083/mutant-strains-of-polio-vaccine-now-cause-more-paralysis-than-wild-polio
mutant strains of the polio vaccine
USA
http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/06/28/
534403083/mutant-strains-of-polio-vaccine-now-cause-more-paralysis-than-wild-polio
polio vaccines > injection vs oral vaccine
USA
While the United States
and other Western countries
inject an inactivated virus
that poses no risk of spread
and are now polio-free,
other countries rely on an oral vaccine.
It's cheap, it's easy to administe
and two or more doses
confer lifelong
immunity.
But it's made with living,
weakened virus.
And that poses a problem.
Those who've been immunized
with live virus
can shed it in their stool,
which can then spread through sewage
in places with poor sanitation.
If the virus stays weak,
it can expose the unvaccinated to polio
and give them immunity.
But if it mutates and regains virulence,
someone who isn't vaccinated can become sick
with vaccine-derived polio
after contact with the contaminated wastewater.
And now countries
that had previously eradicated polio
in Africa, the Middle East and parts of Asia
are seeing new outbreaks
of vaccine-derived polio.
https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2022/04/26/
1092867458/vaccine-derived-polio-is-on-the-rise-a-new-vaccine-aims-to-stop-the-spread
the Global Polio Eradication Initiative
began in
1988
https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/10/30/
929080692/the-campaign-to-wipe-out-polio-was-going-really-well-until-it-wasnt
eradicate /
wipe out USA
https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/10/30/
929080692/the-campaign-to-wipe-out-polio-was-going-really-well-until-it-wasnt
http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/06/26/
417113319/polio-is-active-in-only-3-countries-soon-it-could-be-down-to-2
polio-free USA
http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/06/26/
417113319/polio-is-active-in-only-3-countries-soon-it-could-be-down-to-2
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