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Vocapedia > Terrorism, Politics > Northern Ireland
20th century > The Troubles
Protestants / Loyalists / Unionists
UDF, UVF, UDA, Orange Order
A mural supporting the LVF in north Belfast.
The loyalist splinter group says it is considering giving up its arms
Photograph: Charles McQuillan Pacemaker
Loyalist terror group stands down members Angelique Chrisafis, Ireland correspondent The Guardian p. 4 Tuesday November 1, 2005
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/nov/01/
A loyalist memorial in West Belfast.
Photograph: Ivor Prickett for The New York Times
Will Brexit Bring the Troubles Back to Northern Ireland? As the United Kingdom confronts the prospect of dissolution, old factions are bracing for the possibility of new violence NYT Published Dec. 30, 2019 Updated Jan. 6, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/30/
Protestants
https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSL04219180
Protestant > Geordie Courtney > mob lynching
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/sep/30/
the Glenbryn estate, a small Protestant enclave in the predominantly Catholic Ardoyne area - September 2001
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/sep/06/
unionism
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/apr/15/
unionist
Edward Henry Carson Ireland 1854-1935
Irish unionist politician, barrister and judge.
From 1905 Carson was both the Irish Unionist Alliance MP for Trinity College Dublin and leader of the Ulster Unionist Council in Belfast.
In 1915 he entered the war cabinet of Herbert Asquith as Attorney-General.
Carson was defeated in his ambition to maintain Ireland as a whole in union with Great Britain.
His leadership, however, was celebrated for securing a continued place in the United Kingdom for the six north-east counties, albeit under a devolved Northern Ireland Parliament that neither he nor his fellow unionists$ had sought. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Carson - 24 Jnauary 2021
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Carson
UK > union flag UK / USA
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/19/world/
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2013/jan/13/belfast-protest-flag-young-loyalists
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2013/jan/09/belfast-riots-flag-kate-birthday
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/dec/09/ulster-union-flag-protests
Ulster loyalist
http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/oct/05/northernireland.ukguns
loyalist paramilitaries
http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/apr/27/
http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/dec/21/arts.northernireland
loyalist > Ulster Freedom Fighters
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/dec/13/wikileaks-legacy-distrust-finucane-killing
loyalist > Red Hand Defenders
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2001/sep/06/northernireland.schools
Symbols Used in Northern Ireland > Unionist and Loyalist Symbols
https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/images/symbols/
West Belfast > loyalist memorial USA
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/30/
Protestant / Unionist leader > Ian Paisley 1926-2014
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/
http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/apr/15/election-ian-paisley-north-antrim
http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/mar/02/ian-paisley-northern-ireland
https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSL04219180
https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSL04247699
https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSL04219180
https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSL04247699
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/end-of-an-era-as-paisley-steps-down-791326.html http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2008/mar/05/ianpaisley.northernireland http://www.ireland.com/newspaper/frontpage/2008/0305/1204675293010.html http://www.ireland.com/newspaper/frontpage/2008/0305/1204675293010.html http://www.independent.ie/national-news/paisley-bows-out-1306979.html http://www.independent.ie/national-news/dr-no-will-be-recalled-as-man-who-said-yes-1307016.html http://www.independent.ie/national-news/in-the-end-the-rev-knew-his-time-had-run-out-1307017.html http://politics.guardian.co.uk/northernirelandassembly/story/0,,2042840,00.html http://www.guardian.co.uk/Northern_Ireland/Story/0,,2041729,00.html http://www.guardian.co.uk/Northern_Ireland/Story/0,,1924457,00.html http://www.guardian.co.uk/Columnists/Column/0,,1924094,00.html http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2006-10-08-northern-ireland_x.htm
Paisley heartland > North Antrim
http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/apr/15/election-ian-paisley-north-antrim
Ian Paisley's Democratic Unionist party DUP
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/05/
http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/sep/12/ian-paisley-dup-firebrand-dies-aged-88
http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2008/mar/05/ianpaisley.northernireland
http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2004/jan/05/northernireland.devolution
Unionism at crossroad after UUP defeat in polls The Guardian p. 12 17 May 2005
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/may/17/
Protestants parading on July 12, in commemoration of William of Orange’s defeat of King James II, a Catholic.
Photograph: Ivor Prickett for The New York Times
Will Brexit Bring the Troubles Back to Northern Ireland? As the United Kingdom confronts the prospect of dissolution, old factions are bracing for the possibility of new violence. NYT Published Dec. 30, 2019 Updated Jan. 6, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/30/
Orangemen marching past a Catholic church on July 12 in Belfast.
Photograph: Ivor Prickett for The New York Times
Will Brexit Bring the Troubles Back to Northern Ireland? As the United Kingdom confronts the prospect of dissolution, old factions are bracing for the possibility of new violence. NYT Published Dec. 30, 2019 Updated Jan. 6, 2020
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/30/
the Protestant marching season
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/jul/13/
At the start of the siege of Londonderry in 1689, 13 apprentice boys slammed the city gates against the army of the Catholic King James II.
The Apprentice Boys of Derry, one of the Protestant Loyal Orders, is based upon this defiant action of "no surrender".
New Apprentice Boys can only be initiated inside the city, in ceremonies in August and December each year.
The order holds its main parade in Derry on 12 August to celebrate the relief of the city and the end of the siege. BBC - Saturday, August 14, 1999 Published at 04:59 GMT 05:59 UK http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/420061.stm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/420061.stm
commemorate Protestant William of Orange's victory over Catholic James II at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/gallery/2017/jul/12/
"The Twelfth”, when Protestants celebrate King William’s victory at the Battle of the Boyne.
http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/sep/13/
The Protestant William of Orange's seizure of the throne from the Catholic James II was blatant usurpation, but it settled once and for all the conflict between crown and parliament
https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/oct/30/
the Orange order
The largest Protestant organisation in Northern Ireland with at least 75,000 members, some of them in the Republic of Ireland.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/1422212.stm
http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/blog/2012/jul/12/belfast-orange-order-march-scuffles
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/jul/03/orange-order-address-irish-parliament
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/nov/22/orange-order-book-reveals-attitudes
Orangemen
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/jul/20/
an Orange gathering
orange sashes and red, white and blue bandanas
the Orange anthem > The Sash My Father Wore
"The Sash" (also known as "The Sash My Father Wore") is a ballad from the Irish province of Ulster commemorating the victory of King William III in the Williamite War in Ireland in 1690–1691.
The lyrics mention the 1689 Siege of Derry, the 1689 Battle of Newtownbutler near Enniskillen, the 1690 Battle of the Boyne and the 1691 Battle of Aughrim.
It is popular amongst Ulster loyalists and many other unionists in Northern Ireland, as well as in parts of Scotland. - 27 December 2020
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sash
Orange march
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk-news/video/2013/jul/13/
loyalist parade
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/jul/13/
loyalist killer / hitman > Michael Stone
Loyalist hitman joined Ulster Defence Association at 16
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/jul/29/
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/nov/14/michael-stone-gerry-adams-uda-northern-ireland
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/nov/14/
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2006/nov/29/northernireland.devolution https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/nov/26/northernireland.northernireland https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2006/nov/24/northernireland.devolution1 https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/nov/24/northernireland.northernireland https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2006/nov/24/northernireland.devolution2 http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2006/nov/25/northernireland.northernireland https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/nov/01/london.northernireland http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/24/newsid_2515000/2515041.stm
loyalist > Ulster Defence Force UDF
loyalist > Ulster Defence Association UDA
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/dec/12/pat-finucane-report-david-cameron-apologises
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/aug/20/uda-journalist-death-threat-belfast
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/jan/06/ulster-defence-association-destorys-weapons
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/nov/14/
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2006/jul/30/northernireland.henrymcdonald
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2006/nov/26/northernireland.northernireland
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2005/oct/05/northernireland.ukguns
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2003/apr/20/northernireland.military
http://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/apr/17/guardianobituaries.northernireland
UDA > Brian Nelson, paramilitary 1948-2003
https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/apr/17/
loyalist
The Loyalist Volunteer Force LVF
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/sep/13/
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/nov/01/
hardline leader of the outlawed Loyalist Volunteer Force > Billy Wright
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/sep/13/
http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/apr/10/
John Kennaway, one of the three-man hit squad who gunned down Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF) founder Billy Wright in 1997
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/sep/13/
Ulster Volunteer Force UVF
http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/apr/13/
http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/mar/12/
http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/oct/15/
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/may/03/northernireland.politics https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/may/03/northernireland.politics1 https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/may/03/politics.northernireland
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2006/feb/12/
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4681069.stm - 13 July, 2005
paramilitary
Royal Ulster Constabulary RUC
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/oct/11/northern-ireland-terrorists-miscarriages-justice
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/video/2010/oct/11/northern-ireland-police-torture
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2010/oct/11/inside-castlereagh-confessions-torture
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/sep/19/northernireland
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/oct/25/northernireland.angeliquechrisafis
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jul/19/northernireland.rosiecowan
undercover army unit
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1991/jun/04/
Political Wall Murals in Northern Ireland
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/gallery/2009/jun/22/
https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/murals/index.html
Loyalist mural http://peacelinetours.g2gm.com/murals.html - broken link added 13 July 2004
Related
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2008/mar/18/
Northern Ireland Assembly
first minister
Ulster Unionist
Ulster Unionist party UUP
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2005/may/17/
loyalist paramilitaries
dissident loyalist paramilitaries
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was a sovereign state that existed between 1801 and 1922.
It was established by the Acts of Union 1800, which merged the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland into a unified state.
The establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922 led to the country later being renamed to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927, which continues to exist in the present day (27 December 2020)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
The Acts of Union 1800 (sometimes referred to as a single Act of Union 1801) were parallel acts of the Parliament of Great Britain and the Parliament of Ireland which united the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland (previously in personal union) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
The acts came into force on 1 January 1801, and the merged Parliament of the United Kingdom had its first meeting on 22 January 1801. - 27 December 2020 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800
Corpus of news articles
Terrorism, Politics > Northern Ireland
Factbox: Fraught Anglo-Irish conflict goes back centuries
Tue May 17, 2011 7:38am EDT Reuters
(Reuters) - Britain's Queen Elizabeth arrived in Dublin on
Tuesday on a four-day state visit to the Irish Republic, the first visit by a
British monarch since Ireland won independence from London in 1921.
THE 20th CENTURY:
Sources: Reuters/www.britannica.com/
Penguin Dictionary of 20th
Century History/ (Writing by David Cutler; Editing by Peter Graff; London Editorial Reference Unit)
Factbox: Fraught
Anglo-Irish conflict goes back centuries,
The hands of history: Two worlds come together to broker a new era of hope
David McKittrick witnesses the first meeting between the two commanding political figures in Belfast as they calmly sit side by side to discuss the future of Northern Ireland
Published: 27 March 2007 The Independent
Ian Paisley and Gerry Adams did not shake hands yesterday: they had no need
to, since their manner of signalling they are ready to go into government
together produced an even more telling and forceful image.
Shaking the world
GORBACHEV and REAGAN (19 November 1985)
RABIN, ARAFAT and CLINTON (13 September 1993)
MANDELA and DE KLERK (4 May 1990)
NIXON and MAO (February 1972)
BEGIN and SADAT (26 March 1979)
The hands of history:
November 28, 1975
Enemy of IRA bombers killed outside home
From the Guardian archive
Friday November 28, 1975
Mr Ross McWhirter, the television broadcaster and co-editor of the Guinness Book of Records, was shot dead at his London home last night, three weeks after he had launched a £50,000 Beat-the-Bombers campaign. He was hit in the head and stomach
when he answered the door at his home in Enfield, north London.
From the Guardian
archive >
Related > Anglonautes > Vocapedia
terrorism, politics > Northern Ireland
terrorism, politics > Northern Ireland > Catholics
conflicts, wars, climate, poverty > asylum seekers, displaced people,
intelligence, spies, surveillance
miscarriage of justice > UK, USA
violence > Northern Ireland > The Troubles
painting > street art > artwork, graffiti, murals
Related > Anglonautes > History
British Empire, United Kingdom
20th century > Northern Ireland
Related > Anglonautes > History > Maps
UK > Definition, maps and flags
Related
Reuters > Factbox: Fraught Anglo-Irish conflict goes back centuries
https://fr.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE74G2UI
Reuters > Timeline: Long road to Northern Irish settlement
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ireland-queen-north/
Reuters > Timeline - Worst IRA bomb attacks on mainland Britain 1974-2011
https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-security-bombings-idUKTRE74F31Q
Lockerbie bombing Pan Am Flight 103 Lockerbie, Scotland 21 December 1988
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/lockerbie
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1988/dec/23/
Terror fiction > 'the Paris bombing of 2009'
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2004/feb/05/
Related > Anglonautes > Videos > Documentaries > 2010s
Terrorism > 9/11 > CIA > torture
USA / Cuba > Terrorism > Guantánamo Bay
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