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History > 17th -18th - 19th century > America, USA
Late 19th, early 20th century > USA > Immigration
Timeline in articles, pictures, podcasts and videos
By Brown Brothers, ca. 1908 Immigrant children, Ellis Island, New York.
Photograph: Vintage print. Records of the Public Health Service. (90-G-125-29)
https://www.archives.gov/files/press/press-kits/
Picturing the Century: One Hundred Years of Photography from the National Archives Eight Portfolios from Part II https://www.archives.gov/press/press-kits/1930-census-photos/photos-2.html
Italian family in the baggage room, Ellis Island, 1905
Hine is often called a ‘social photographer’, and when he worked at the Ethical Culture School in New York City one of his assignments was to document immigrants arriving at Ellis Island.
He hoped the work would make viewers have ‘the same regard for contemporary immigrants as they have for pilgrims who landed at Plymouth Rock’
The photos that changed America: celebrating the work of Lewis Hine G Thu 15 Feb 2018 07.00 GMT
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2018/feb/15/
Italian family on the ferry boat landing at Ellis Island, 1905
Hine photographed immigrants at Ellis Island from 1904 to 1909, taking some 200 photographs in all.
The work has drawn comparisons to that of Jacob Riis, the Danish-American social photographer and journalist who chronicled the lives of impoverished people on New York City’s Lower East Side.
The photos that changed America: celebrating the work of Lewis Hine G Thu 15 Feb 2018 07.00 GMT
https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2018/feb/15/
Newly arrived Italians waiting to be processed at Ellis Island around 1905.
Photograph: Lewis Hine via Bettmann Archive/Getty Images
How Italians Became ‘White’ NYT Oct. 12, 2019
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/10/12/
TITLE: New York - Welcome to the land of freedom - An ocean steamer passing the Statue of Liberty: Scene on the steerage deck / from a sketch by a staff artist. CALL NUMBER: Illus. in AP2.L52 1881 (Case Y) [P&P] SUMMARY: Immigrants on deck of steamer "Germanic." MEDIUM: 1 print (2 pages) : wood engraving. CREATED/PUBLISHED: 1887. Illus. in: Frank Leslie's illustrated newspaper, 1887 July 2, pp. 324-325.
Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
Digital ID: cph 3c13735 Source: b&w film copy neg. http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/070_immi.html
TITLE: Emigrants coming to the "Land of Promise" MEDIUM: 1 photographic print on stereo card : stereograph. CREATED/PUBLISHED: c1902.
NOTES: Copyright by William H. Rau. No. 4580. REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA DIGITAL ID: (b&w film copy neg. of left half stereo) cph 3a09957 http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3a09957 http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?pp/ils:@bandnot(@FIELD(NUMBER+3a09957)@FIELD(COLLID+cphx)) Digital ID: cph 3a09957 Source: b&w film copy neg. of left half stereo Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-7307 (b&w film copy neg. of left half stereo) Repository: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/10/12/
http://www.npr.org/2017/05/17/
Documentaire
Ellis Island, une histoire du rêve américain
105 min, Réalisation: Michaël Prazan
En 1892, Ellis Island, dans la baie de New York, devient la principale porte d’entrée aux États-Unis pour les immigrants qui arrivent de plus en plus nombreux d’Europe.
Inauguré en 1900, après un incendie qui a ravagé les anciens bâtiments, l’immense centre aujourd’hui transformé en musée va voir passer, jusqu’à sa fermeture, quelque 12 millions de personnes.
Parmi elles, l’actrice Pola Negri ou le producteur de cinéma Sam Goldwyn, venus de Pologne, l’écrivain tchèque George Voskovec, le gamin sicilien Salvatore Lucania, qui deviendra le chef suprême de la mafia sous le nom de Lucky Luciano, l’Irlandais William O'Dwyer, futur maire de New York...
Comme les autres, ils ont traversé l'Atlantique pour fuir une existence misérable, persécutée ou incertaine en Europe, vers une nouvelle Terre promise qui ne les accueille pas toujours à bras ouverts.
En tirant les fils de ces quelques destinées exemplaires, qui font écho à d’autres voix anonymes, ce documentaire montre combien, face aux drames européens de la première moitié du XXe siècle, l’Amérique fut ambivalente.
Mais il explique aussi pourquoi ces parias irlandais, juifs et italiens brocardés par les xénophobes vont renouveler et incarner le " rêve américain ".
Des archives, souvent poignantes, tissent avec fluidité les souvenirs des émigrants et la parole des historiens pour un voyage passionnant dans la mémoire complexe du melting-pot américain. http://www.arte.tv/guide/fr/048326-000/ellis-island-une-histoire-du-reve-americain
http://www.arte.tv/guide/fr/048326-000/
an eight-part, 17½ hour, American documentary film on the history of New York City
Director: Ric Burns USA,1999
A critically acclaimed, Emmy and duPont-Columbia award-winning series http://www.pbs.org/wnet/newyork/
This seven part television event explores New York City’s rich history as a premier laboratory of modern life.
A sweeping narrative covering nearly 400 years and 400 square miles, it reveals a complex and dynamic city that has played and unparalleled role in shaping the nation and reflecting its ideals.
The Country and the City.
Beginning in 1609, episode one chronicles the arrival of the Dutch, the impact of the English, the horrors of colonial slavery, and New York’s critical role in the American Revolution.
Order and Disorder.
Episode two looks at New York’s rise as a burgeoning cultural center and multi-ethnic port, concluding with the Civil War Draft Riots — America’s bloodiest civil disturbance.
Sunshine and Shadow.
Episode three turns the spotlight on the period when greed and wealth fueled an expanding metropolis, even as politics and poverty defined it.
The Power and the People.
Episode four follows New York into a new century, examining the interplay of capitalism, democracy, and transformation, in the wake of an extraordinary wave of immigration and the birth of the skyscraper.
Cosmopolis.
In episode five, the post-war economic boom, the rise of consumer culture, and the birth of new mass-media industries fuel the convergence of an incredible array of human and cultural energies, ending with the Crash of 1929 and the construction of the Empire State Building.
The City of Tomorrow.
The sixth episode chronicles the dramatic events that followed the Crash of ’29, as the greatest depression in American history plunged the city and the nation into economic gloom.
The City and the World.
Episode seven charts the turbulent and often harrowing years from 1945 to the present.
Emerging from the Depression and the Second World War as the most powerful metropolis on earth. http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/new-york-a-documentary-film/
https://topdocumentaryfilms.com/
Série documentaire en huit épisodes (5 x 52 cm)
Réalisateur : Ric Burns USA, 1999
Diffusion en France sur Arte en novembre 2012
Big Apple se raconte dans une passionnante fresque historique en cinq volets nourrie d'archives, de littérature, d'interviews d'historiens et d'urbanistes.
1. Campagne et ville (1624 – 1811)
De la colonisation hollandaise à l’indépendance.
Les premières ébauches d’un plan d’urbanisation apparaissent sous forme de damier.
2. Ordre et désordre (1825 – 1865)
La première moitié troublée du XIXe siècle.
L’élection d’Abraham Lincoln en 1861.
Le début de la guerre de Sécession.
3. Soleil et ombre (1865 – 1898)
Le fossé entre les riches et les pauvres se creuse à la fin du XIXe siècle.
Après l’intégration des quartiers du Bronx, de Brooklyn et de Staten Island, New York devient la plus grande ville au monde après Londres, avec 3,5 millions d’habitants.
(...)
On parle même de deux villes : celle "au soleil" et celle "à l'ombre".
En 1873, une crise financière provoque la fermeture de la Bourse et marque les débuts de la grande dépression.
Mais l'ouverture du pont de Brooklyn, en 1883, redore le blason de la ville, qui attire des fortunes nouvelles.
Les quartiers du Bronx, de Brooklyn et de Staten Island sont intégrés dans la communauté urbaine de New York, qui devient la plus grande ville au monde après Londres, avec 3,5 millions d'habitants.
4. Pouvoir et peuple (1898 – 1911)
Nouvelle vague d’immigration.
Les conditions de vie et de travail très difficiles provoquent des grèves et des manifestations.
Les débuts d’une politique sociale.
(...)
Episode 4 - Pouvoir et peuple
Venus en majorité d'Europe du Sud et d'Ukraine, plus d'un million d'immigrants déferlent sur New York.
Des extraits de leurs lettres témoignent des conditions de la traversée et des premières impressions, parfois traumatisantes...
5. Cosmopolis (1919 – 1930)
Les années 20 et l’avènement de la consommation de masse au rythme du jazz, puis le krach et la crise de 1929. http://www.arte.tv/fr/programmes/242,day=2,dayPeriod=afternoon,week=45,year=2012.html#anchor_6996902
https://topdocumentaryfilms.com/new-york-a-documentary-film/ µ http://www.arte.tv/fr/histoire-de-new-york/4084104.html - broken link
Antwerp to Ellis Island: Journey of a Lifetime
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/28/
Ellis Island Augustus F. Sherman portraits
A photograph from Augustus F. Sherman Ellis Island Portraits
Newcomers like the Glerum family, including young Frank, sixth from left, whose son viewed the show at the Ellis Island Immigration Museum.
Courtesy of the Statue of Liberty National Monument,
the Ellis Island
Immigration Museum and the Aperture Foundation When Old and New World Met in a Camera Flash NYT 6 August 2005
https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/06/
A photograph from Augustus F. Sherman Ellis Island Portraits 1905-1920
Courtesy of the Statue of Liberty National Monument, the Ellis Island Immigration Museum and the Aperture Foundation
PHOTOGRAPH BY AUGUSTUS F. SHERMAN When Old and New World Met in a Camera Flash NYT 6 August 2005
https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/06/
Immigrants who posed for Sherman's camera included a Ruthenian, from Ukraine.
Courtesy of the Statue of Liberty National Monument,
the Ellis Island Immigration Museum and the Aperture Foundation When Old and New World Met in a Camera Flash NYT 6 August 2005
https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/06/
A photograph from "Augustus F. Sherman: Ellis Island Portraits 1905-1920."
When Old and New World Met in a Camera Flash NYT 6 August 2005
https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/06/
A Romanian piper
Courtesy of the Statue of Liberty National Monument, the Ellis Island Immigration Museum and the Aperture Foundation.
When Old and New World Met in a Camera Flash NYT 6 August 2005
https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/06/
A Hungarian child
Courtesy of the Statue of Liberty National Monument, the Ellis Island Immigration Museum and the Aperture Foundation
When Old and New World Met in a Camera Flash NYT 6 August 2005
https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/06/
A woman from The Netherlands
Courtesy of the Statue of Liberty National Monument, the Ellis Island Immigration Museum and the Aperture Foundation
When Old and New World Met in a Camera Flash NYT 6 August 2005
https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/06/
ROMANIAN SHEPHERDS PHOTOGRAPH BY AUGUSTUS F. SHERMAN
BORANA IMMIGRANTS FROM SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA PHOTOGRAPH BY AUGUSTUS F. SHERMAN
A photograph from "Augustus F. Sherman: Ellis Island Portraits 1905-1920."
Courtesy of the Statue of Liberty National Monument,
the Ellis Island Immigration Museum and the Aperture Foundation When Old and New World Met in a Camera Flash NYT August 6, 2005
https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/06/
BELGIAN STOWAWAYS COLONEL HELEN R. BASTEDO AND OSMAN LEWIS, 1921 PHOTOGRAPH BY AUGUSTUS F. SHERMAN
RUSSIAN-JEWISH ANARCHIST EMMA GOLDMAN SITS FOR A PHOTOGRAPH BEFORE BEING DEPORTED ON THE SS BUFORD, 1919 PHOTOGRAPH BY AUGUSTUS F. SHERMAN
GERMAN STOWAWAYS, LATER DEPORTED, 1911
PHOTOGRAPH BY AUGUSTUS F. SHERMAN
THE GREAT HALL, ELLIS ISLAND,
PRE-1916 PHOTOGRAPH BY AUGUSTUS F. SHERMAN
RUSSIAN-GERMAN JAKOB MITTELSTADT AND HIS FAMILY ADMITTED ENTRY, 1905
PHOTOGRAPH BY AUGUSTUS F. SHERMAN
PETER MEYER, 57, FROM DENMARK, 1909
PHOTOGRAPH BY AUGUSTUS F. SHERMAN
GUADELOUPEAN WOMAN Courtesy of the Statue of Liberty National Monument, the Ellis Island Immigration Museum
and the Aperture Foundation When Old and New World Met in a Camera Flash NYT 6 August 2005
https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/06/
Ellis Island Portraits 1905-1920
PHOTOGRAPHS BY AUGUSTUS F. SHERMAN
Augustus Frederick Sherman, an Ellis Island registry clerk and a photographer, circa 1905.
Courtesy of the Statue of Liberty National Monument, the Ellis Island Immigration Museum and the Aperture Foundation. The New York Times
6 August 2005 When Old and New World Met in a Camera Flash NYT August 6, 2005
https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/06/
New York's Ellis Island was the primary U.S. immigration portal between 1892 and 1954.
Of the countless photographs taken as more than 12 million settlers passed through America's "Golden Door," Augustus Frederick Sherman's portraits stand out.
His body of work, consisting of some 250 images, is one of the most affecting portfolios of that mass movement.
His subjects are rarely identified by name, and are often wearing ethnic clothing and posing in front of a plain backdrop, making a compelling statement about the individualism that helped create America's melting pot.
Herewith, a selection of Sherman's photographs from the new book Augustus F. Sherman: Ellis Island Portraits 1905–1920 (Aperture). (An accompanying exhibition will debut in June at the Ellis Island Immigration Museum.) JESSICA FLINT, Vanity Fair, 23.5.2005, http://www.vanityfair.com/features/portfolio/050523fepo - broken link
All photographs courtesy of the Statue of Liberty National Monument (NM) and Ellis Island Immigration Museum
Augustus F. Sherman: Ellis Island Portraits 1904–1920 Photographs by Augustus F. Sherman Essay by Peter MesenhöllerHardcover 115 duotone photographs 144 Pages 9.5" X 10.625" ISBN: 1-931788-60-X http://www.aperture.org/store/books-detail.aspx?ID=433
First Through Gates of Ellis Island, She Was Lost. Now She’s Found.
September 14, 2006 The New York Times By SAM ROBERTS
Annie Moore is memorialized by bronze statues
in New York Harbor and Ireland and cited in story and song as the first of 12
million immigrants to arrive at Ellis Island. Her story, as it has been
recounted for decades, is that she went west with her family to fulfill the
American dream — eventually reaching Texas, where she married a descendant of
the Irish liberator Daniel O’Connell and then died accidentally under the wheels
of a streetcar at the age of 46. Mrs. Smolenyak Smolenyak made little progress
for a few years, but her search was reinvigorated this year after she moved to
southern New Jersey and visited a genealogical exhibition in Philadelphia
featuring a 1910 photograph of the Texas Annie. (The photograph might also have
been a model for Jeanne Rynhart’s two bronze sculptures, one of which is at
Ellis Island.) First
Through Gates of Ellis Island,
When Old and New World Met in a Camera Flash
August 6, 2005 The New York Times By KATHRYN SHATTUCK
If Peter Mesenhöller expected to find the
misery of the tired, the poor, the wretched emanating from a few photographs
displayed in the Ellis Island Immigration Museum the day he first visited in
1996, he was in for a surprise. "I immediately got stunned by the dignity, the
pride, the self-confidence," Mr. Mesenhöller, a cultural anthropologist
specializing in early still photography and immigration studies, said by phone
from his home in Cologne, Germany. "It was totally different from the usual
image we have of the huddled masses." When Old and New World Met in a Camera
Flash,
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documentaries > 2010s > USA > Immigration
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Ellis Island Museum
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/27/
Selected Images of Ellis Island and Immigration, ca. 1880-1920 From the Collections of the Library of Congress https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/070_immi.html
Selected Views of the Statue of Liberty From the Collections of the Library of Congress https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/077_stat.html
Statue of Liberty https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/june-19/
Pictorial Americana Selected Images from the Collections of the Library of Congress https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/picamer/paImmig.html
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