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History > USA > Influenza / Spanish flu pandemic    1918-1919

 

 

 

Rail commuters wearing white protective masks,

one with the additional message “wear a mask or go to jail,”

during the 1918 influenza pandemic in California.

 

Photograph: Vintage Space/Alamy

 

The Mask Slackers of 1918

As the influenza pandemic swept across the United States

in 1918 and 1919,

masks took a role in political and cultural wars.

NYT

Aug. 3, 2020

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/03/
us/mask-protests-1918.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Red Cross volunteers assembling gauze masks for use

at Camp Devens, near Boston,

during the 1918-19 influenza pandemic.

 

Photograph: Vintage Space/Alamy

 

How Humanity Gave Itself an Extra Life

Between 1920 and 2020,

the average human life span doubled. How did we do it?

Science mattered — but so did activism.

NYT

April 27, 2021    Updated 9:59 a.m. ET

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/27/
magazine/global-life-span.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Letter carrier in New York

wearing mask for protection against influenza.

 

New York City, October 16, 1918.

 

NARA

https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/influenza-epidemic/records-list.html

https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/influenza-epidemic/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A man handing out masks on the street

in San Francisco during the ‘Spanish’ flu pandemic, 1918.

 

Photograph: Hamilton Henry Dobbin

California State Library/EPA

 

We forget that flu once plagued the economy as coronavirus does today

The epidemic of 1918-21 is overshadowed by war and the Great Depression.

But it holds lessons for us still

G

Sun 3 May 2020    07.00 BST

https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/may/03/
flu-once-plagued-economy-coronavirus-war-great-depression

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A queue in San Francisco

during the Spanish flu epidemic, 1918.

 

Photograph: Hamilton Henry Dobbin

California State Library/EPA

 

What the 1918 flu pandemic

can teach us about coronavirus drug trials

In times of crisis,

scientists have to make ethical decisions

about new treatments

– even if the evidence seems shaky

G

Sun 5 Apr 2020    14.00 BST

Last modified on Sun 5 Apr 2020    16.49 BST

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/apr/05/
1918-flu-pandemic-coronavirus-drug-trials-scientists-treatments-evidence

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Workers at an information desk wearing masks

in San Francisco in 1918.

 

Photograph: Hamilton Henry Dobbin,

via California State Library

 

The Mask Slackers of 1918

As the influenza pandemic swept across the United States

in 1918 and 1919,

masks took a role in political and cultural wars.

NYT

Aug. 3, 2020

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/03/
us/mask-protests-1918.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Seattle policemen wearing protective gauze face masks

during the influenza pandemic.

1918.

 

Photograph:

Time Life Pictures/National Archives,

via The LIFE Picture Collection, via Getty Images

 

Coronavirus Is Very Different From the Spanish Flu of 1918.

Here’s How.

The fear is similar, but the medical reality is not.

The New York Times

Published March 9, 2020

Updated March 11, 2020

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/09/
health/coronavirus-is-very-different-from-the-spanish-flu-of-1918-heres-how.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

St. Louis Red Cross Motor Corps workers and ambulances

waiting to receive influenza patients in 1918.

 

Photograph:

via Library of Congress, via Associated Press

 

The Single Most Important Lesson From the 1918 Influenza Containment

— the attempt to limit spread of a virus and even eliminate it —

has failed.

The New York Times

March 17, 2020

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/
opinion/coronavirus-1918-spanish-flu.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

An anti-spitting sign posted on streetcar

in Philadelphia, October 1918.

 

Photograph:

Historical Medical Library of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia

 

The Killer Virus of 1918: A Philadelphia Story

The brutal toll taken

by the flu that claimed 20,000 lives in the city

has not been forgotten

as Philadelphia braces

for the worst of the coronavirus pandemic.

The New York Times

April 4, 2020

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/04/
us/coronavirus-spanish-flu-philadelphia-pennsylvania.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What New York Looked Like During the 1918 Flu Pandemic

 

The Spanish flu raced

through crowded tenements and neighborhoods,

killing more than 20,000 New Yorkers.

But it could have been much worse.

The New York Times

April 2, 2020

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/
nyregion/spanish-flu-nyc-virus.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

An image of a Red Cross nurse

published in Illustrated Current News. 1918.

 

Photograph: National Library of Medicine

 

Coronavirus Is Very Different From the Spanish Flu of 1918. Here’s How.

The fear is similar, but the medical reality is not.

The New York Times

Published March 9, 2020    Updated March 11, 2020

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/09/
health/coronavirus-is-very-different-from-the-spanish-flu-of-1918-heres-how.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A flier published by the Chicago Department of Health.

 

Photograph National Library of Medicine

 

Coronavirus Is Very Different From the Spanish Flu of 1918.

Here’s How.

The fear is similar, but the medical reality is not.

The New York Times

Published March 9, 2020    Updated March 11, 2020

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/09/
health/coronavirus-is-very-different-from-the-spanish-flu-of-1918-heres-how.html
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

At sign in the Philadelphia navy yard in 1918.

 

Photograph: Everett/REX/Shutterstock

 

Closed borders and ‘black weddings’:

what the 1918 flu teaches us about coronavirus

The Guardian

Wed 11 Mar 2020    06.00 GMT

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/11/
closed-borders-and-black-weddings-what-the-1918-flu-teaches-us-about-coronavirus

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A young girl with her sick sister in November 1918.

 

Photograph: Library of Congress, via Associated Press

 

Holidays in a Pandemic? Here’s What Happened in 1918

The festive season fell between two deadly waves of the deadly influenza outbreak.

Families still gathered, often with empty chairs at the table.

NYT

Dec. 9, 2020

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/09/
us/pandemic-holiday-christmas.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Volunteer nurses tending to influenza patients

at the Oakland Municipal Auditorium in 1918.

 

Photograph:

Edward A. Rogers/Library of Congress, via Associated Press

 

Holidays in a Pandemic? Here’s What Happened in 1918

The festive season

fell between two deadly waves of the deadly influenza outbreak.

Families still gathered, often with empty chairs at the table.

NYT

Dec. 9, 2020

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/09/
us/pandemic-holiday-christmas.html



 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

An emergency hospital at Camp Funston, at Fort Riley, Kan.,

during the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic.

 

Photograph:

Armed Forces Institute of Pathology/

National Museum of Health and Medicine,

via Associated Press

 

Is This Coronavirus ‘the Big One’?

For decades,

experts’ warnings to prepare have gone unheeded.

The New York Times

Feb. 29, 2020

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/29/
opinion/sunday/coronavirus-outbreak.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1918-1919

 

Influenza pandemic

 

 

the so-called Spanish flu

— a strain of influenza virus

that science now identifies

as H1N1 —

spread around the world.

 

In the United States,

it would cause

nearly half of all deaths

over the next year.

 

In what was already a time

of murderous war,

the disease killed millions more

on the front lines

and in military hospitals

in Europe;

 

in some populations in India,

the mortality rate

for those infected

approached 20 percent.

 

The best estimates suggest

that as many as

100 million people died

from the Great Influenza outbreak

that eventually circled the globe.

 

To put that in comparison,

roughly three million people

have died

from Covid-19 over the past year,

on a planet with four times

as many people.

 

a deadly flu outbreak

gripped the nation,

wiping out a third

of the world’s population

and killing 675,000 people

in the United States alone.

- NYT, April 27, 2021

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/21/
us/politics/1918-flu-pandemic-elections.html

 

 

 

the Spanish flu pandemic

(...)

infected 500 million worldwide

https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/mar/29/
spanish-flu-survivor-dies-from-coronavirus-aged-108

 

 

 

outbreak of Spanish flu,

one of the worst virus outbreak

of modern times,

(...) is believed to have killed

up to 100 million people.

https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2020/mar/31/
lessons-from-the-1918-spanish-flu-pandemic-podcast

 

 

 

alors que s’achève

la Première Guerre mondiale,

la grippe dite espagnole

s’abat sur le monde.

 

Pendant l’hiver

de 1918-1919,

on comptera jusqu’à

un milliard de malades,

sur une population totale

de 1,9 milliard d’humains

sur la planète,

et le nombre de décès

liés à cette pandémie

est évalué entre

50 à 100 millions.

https://www.mediapart.fr/studio/portfolios/
tous-masques-au-temps-de-la-grippe-espagnole

 

 

https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/influenza-epidemic/

https://www.pbs.org/video/american-experience-influenza-1918/

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/31/
opinion/covid-pandemic-end.html

 

 

 

 

https://www.npr.org/2021/09/30/
1041869272/1918-flu-covid-survivor-dies

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/27/
magazine/global-life-span.html
 

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/05/
insider/1918-pandemic.html

 

 

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/09/
us/pandemic-holiday-christmas.html

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/03/
us/mask-protests-1918.html

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/03/
us/mask-protests-1918.html

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/14/
theater/spanish-flu-1918-new-york-theater.html

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/13/
nyregion/spanish-flu-coronavirus-black-wedding.html

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/26/
nyregion/spanish-flu-nyc-coronavirus.html

 

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/05/15/
855319598/what-the-1918-flu-can-teach-us-about-handling-todays-pandemic

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/14/
business/1918-flu-memorials.html

 

https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/may/03/
flu-once-plagued-economy-coronavirus-war-great-depression

 

https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/may/03/
the-big-picture-spreading-the-message-about-the-1918-pandemic

 

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/apr/29/
us-responses-1918-flu-pandemic-offer-stark-lessons-coronavirus-now

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/28/
us/spanish-flu-womens-suffrage-coronavirus.html

 

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/15/
835131873/for-centenarian-survivor-of-1918-flu-pandemic-
coronavirus-is-just-another-proble

 

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/apr/05/
1918-flu-pandemic-coronavirus-drug-trials-scientists-treatments-evidence

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/04/
us/coronavirus-spanish-flu-philadelphia-pennsylvania.html

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/04/
us/spanish-flu-oral-history.html

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/
nyregion/spanish-flu-nyc-virus.html

 

https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2020/mar/31/
lessons-from-the-1918-spanish-flu-pandemic-podcast

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/31/
spanish-flu-survivor-107-on-her-nursing-homes-coronavirus-lockdown-its-like-were-in-jail

 

https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/mar/29/
spanish-flu-survivor-dies-from-coronavirus-aged-108

 

https://www.npr.org/2020/03/25/
821597079/1918-flu

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/21/
us/politics/1918-flu-pandemic-elections.html

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/22/
be-careful-spains-last-1918-flu-survivor-offers-warning-on-coronavirus

 

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/22/
facebook-powerful-crisis-coronavirus-communities-online

 

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/22/
economists-pandemic-predictions-covid-19

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/20/
opinion/coronavirus-1918-flu-pandemic-new-york.html

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/21/
us/politics/1918-flu-pandemic-elections.html

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/
opinion/coronavirus-1918-spanish-flu.html

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/11/
closed-borders-and-black-weddings-what-the-1918-flu-teaches-us-about-coronavirus

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/09/
health/coronavirus-is-very-different-from-the-spanish-flu-of-1918-heres-how.html

 

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/01/
gunnison-colorado-the-town-that-dodged-the-1918-spanish-flu-pandemic

 

 

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/22/
well/family/a-centennial-of-death-the-great-influenza-pandemic-of-1918.html

 

 

 

 

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/journal-plague-year-180965222/ - Nov. 2017

 

 

 

 

https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=93747214 - August 20, 2008

 

 

 

 

https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5222069 - February 20, 2006

 

 

 

 

https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4946718 - October 5, 2005

 

 

 

 

https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1646810 - February 5, 2004

 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3455873.stm - 5 February, 2004

 

 

 

 

https://www.npr.org/templates/story/
story.php?storyId=1067518 - December 6, 1999

 

 

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/1919/01/30/
archives/drop-in-influenza-cases-pneumonia-also-shows-decrease-health.html

 

 

 

 

https://www.nytimes.com/1918/12/20/
archives/3000000-died-of-influenza-regarded-as-the-worlds-greatest-plague.html

 

https://www.nytimes.com/1918/09/22/
archives/spanish-influenza-much-like-grippe-malady-found-not-dangerous.html

 

https://www.nytimes.com/1918/09/19/
archives/new-york-prepared-for-influenza-siege-three-cases-originating-in.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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