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History > WW2 (1939-1945) > USA, World
Timeline in articles, pictures and podcasts
Japan, USA
After WW2
International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE), also known as the Tokyo Trial or the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal
1946-1948
International Military Tribunal for the Far East
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/
https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/10/
https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/07/
https://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/16/
https://www.nytimes.com/1985/09/25/
https://www.nytimes.com/1948/11/05/
https://www.nytimes.com/1946/01/19/
Hideki Tōjō 1884-1948
An undated photo of Prime Minister Hideki Tojo outside the Japanese Parliament in Tokyo.
Photograph: Charles Gorry Associated Press
Where Did Hideki Tojo’s Body Go After His Execution? A Mystery Is Solved. The location of the remains of the wartime Japanese prime minister had been a puzzle. Now, documents reveal that U.S. forces secretly scattered his ashes into the Pacific Ocean. NYT June 16, 2021 Updated 7:58 a.m. ET
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/16/
Tojo, appearing before the International Military Tribunal in Tokyo on Nov. 12, 1948, was sentenced to death by hanging for his war crimes.
Photograph: Charles Gorry Associated Press
Where Did Hideki Tojo’s Body Go After His Execution? A Mystery Is Solved. The location of the remains of the wartime Japanese prime minister had been a puzzle. Now, documents reveal that U.S. forces secretly scattered his ashes into the Pacific Ocean. NYT June 16, 2021 Updated 7:58 a.m. ET
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/16/
Hideki Tōjō 1884-1948
wartime Japanese prime minister
Under Tojo’s dictatorial rule, millions of civilians and prisoners of war suffered or died from experiments, starvation and forced labor.
After the U.S. atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki forced Japan to declare defeat in 1945, Tojo attempted suicide at his home in Tokyo and was captured moments later.
He was nursed back to health by U.S. Army doctors.
Shortly after Tojo and the other convicted war criminals were hanged in December 1948, the American military began a tense mission to dispose of their ashes.
The effort was conducted behind locked doors and with armed guards, all to prevent the war criminals’ remains from being salvaged by supporters.
The documents provide a detailed account of the “execution and final disposition.”
The bodies were identified and fingerprinted before being placed in wooden coffins that were nailed shut and taken by cargo truck to Yokohama, 22 miles south of Tokyo.
There, they were cremated.
The documents said that “special precaution was taken to preclude overlooking even the smallest particle of remains.”
In one document, dated Dec. 23, 1948, and stamped “secret,” a U.S. Army major named Luther Frierson wrote, “I certify that I received the remains, supervised cremation, and personally scattered the ashes of the following executed war criminals at sea from an Eighth Army liaison plane.”
Major Frierson scattered the ashes “over a wide area” — approximately 30 miles of the Pacific Ocean east of Yokohama.
David L. Howell, a professor of Japanese history at Harvard University, said that by releasing the ashes into the ocean, U.S. forces had most likely contravened their own rules.
He cited a 1947 manual that said remains should be buried or given to the next of kin, when possible, after military executions.
He said it was “faulty logic” for the American authorities to believe that disposing of Tojo’s remains would prevent him from being deified by sympathizers and nationalists, many of whom continue to perceive Japan’s wartime efforts as mere acts of self-defense.
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/16/
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/16/
Tokyo Trials / Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal 1946-1948
Jap War Criminals Arraigned, Tokyo
Date taken: 1946
Photograph: Alfred Eisenstaedt
Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=f1bfe4a6feb8274e
Jap War Criminals Arraigned, Tokyo
Date taken: 1946
Photograph: Alfred Eisenstaedt
Life Images http://images.google.com/hosted/life/l?imgurl=5150bc4a0b3cabd0
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