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learning > grammaire anglaise - niveau avancé
conjonctions > as
asconjonction, asadverbe
sens
Asconjonction Flash's craft plummets to Earth, [ contexte, concomitance, et peut-être cause ] the holograms created by his rocketcycle begin to fade ... then vanish!
Flash Gordon Jim Keefe Created in 1934 by Alex Raymond 30 October 2004 http://www.kingfeatures.com/features/comics/fgordon/about.htm
asadverbe ≠ asconjonction
1 - Bradman, who lives alone in his suburban Adelaide home, said he was just asadverbe thrilled to learn England's Sir Jack Hobbs had also been selected aspréposition one of the top five players.
''I am very pleased that Jack Hobbs was also chosen, as conjonction explicative he was one of my boyhood heroes,''[ explication de la principale, traduction : parce que, vu que ]
Bradman said. Bradman bowled over by Wisden recognition, 6.3.2000 http://www.thatscricket.com/news/2000/6bradman.html
proposition (SVO) en as
re-présentation
The Guardian p. 40 22 February 2007
proposition (SVO) en as
sens / sémantisme
cadre, contexte, toile de fond, concomitance, simultanéité
(avec parfois un contraste temporel : alors que)
The Guardian p. 16 24 July 2006
Aid to Pakistan to Resume asconjonction Tension With U.S. Eases [ contexte, explication, cause ]
October 19, 2013 The New York Times By THOM SHANKER
WASHINGTON — The United States plans to give more than $1.5 billion in assistance to Pakistan for programs that had been blocked because of tension between the two nations over events including the Navy SEAL raid that killed Osama bin Laden inside Pakistan,
American officials said Saturday. (...)
Aid to Pakistan to Resume as Tension With
U.S. Eases,
Asconjonction Iran Shifts, Hard-Liners See Threat to Battle Cry
October 18, 2013 The New York Times By THOMAS ERDBRINK
TEHRAN — With the believers pouring out of the Friday Prayer site in Tehran, Ali Akbar and his friends sprang into action, hastily spreading posters of the American flag on the asphalt and switching on their megaphone. (...)
As Iran Shifts, Hard-Liners See Threat to
Battle Cry,
Asconjonction Syrian War Roils, Sectarian Unrest Seeps Into Turkey
August 4, 2012 The New York Times By JEFFREY GETTLEMAN
ANTAKYA,
Turkey — At 1 a.m. last Sunday, in the farming town of Surgu, about six hours
away from here, a mob formed at the Evli family’s door. As Syrian War Roils, Sectarian Unrest Seeps Into Turkey,
Asconjonction Conflict Continues, Assad’s Arms Under Strain
August 2, 2012 The New York Times By C. J. CHIVERS
With
diplomatic efforts dead and the future of Syria playing out on the battlefield,
many of the Syrian government’s most powerful weapons, including helicopter
gunships, fighter jets and tanks, are looking less potent and in some cases like
a liability for the military of President Bashar al-Assad.
As Conflict Continues, Assad’s Arms Under Strain, NYT, 2.8.2012,
proposition (SVO) en as > valeurs
causalité, contextualisation concomitance, explication, redondance, comparaison, déduction
comparaison
sameadjectif ... asconjonction
comparaison
asadverbe ... asconjonction
critique positive
asadverbe + adjectif + asconjonction it gets
'Fargo' Season 4 is asadverbe good asconjonction it gets — again
remise en cause d'un présupposé / d'un a priori
présupposé :
Americans are attached to democracy
remise en cause :
N + be + not + asadverbe + adjectif + topréposition + N + asconjonction + N + might + Base Verbale
Americans aren't asadverbe attached topréposition democracy asconjonction you might think First published on Saturday 11 February 2017
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/feb/11/
so + adjectif + as + toviseur -> Base Verbale
autres énoncés en as
The Guardian p. 28 20 July 2006
Cause indirecte / Contextualisation (1-2-3-4) :
1- Rocket launched [ action ] asconjonction police crack down on Hamas [ contexte ]
Palestian militants yesterday carried out their deepest rocket attack against Israel asconjonction Palestinian police began a crackdown on Hamas in Gaza. The missile travelled five miles from the north of Gaza, the longest distance the crude Kassam rockets have been fired. The missile just missed a lifeguard hut on a beach south of the city. No one was injured. At the same time police officers patrolled Beit Hanoun in northern Gaza, which Hamas used to fire missiles at an Israeli town in the Negev desert. Hundreds of missiles have been fired at the town of Sderot, three miles from Gaza, but they have caused little damage or injuries.
Headline, GI, p. 8, 25.8.2003,
Le tir de roquette s'inscrit dans un contexte de répression policière contre les membres du Hamas. Effet théâtral avec deux événements simultanés : tir au premier plan, répression en toile de fond.
2 - Premier plan : arrestations.
Contexte / "Profondeur de champ" : émeutes de Birmingham (1985).
Police in Birmingham made 43 arrests last night and early this morning [ gros plan, zoom ] asconjonction sporadic violence broke out in several areas of the city [ contexte, plan général ] in the wake of Monday's rioting in the Handsworth district, which left two people dead and missing.
On This Day, The Times,
September 11, 1985,
3 - Tableau / cadre / contexte : en 2003, la guérilla s'intensifie en Irak.
Détail / action : nouvelle attaque contre des soldats américains.
Crowd beats dead US troops Brutal attack in northern Iraq [ gros plan ] asconjonction resistance grows [ contexte ]
Two American soldiers were shot dead and their bodies beaten with concrete blocks by a crowd yesterday in one of the most brutal attacks on the US military in Iraq.
Headline, sub and §1,
4 - as (première occurrence) = while
as (deuxième occurrence) = as marque ici la simultanéité de deux actions.
[ gros plan ] asconjonction Mother Listened to CD's, [ contexte ] Prosecutor Says
November 9, 2005 The New York Times By LESLIE KAUFMANA
16-month-old Brooklyn boy drowned in a filthy tub *in a bathroom with no working light on Sunday while his mother spent 40 minutes in the next room playing CD's, prosecutors said yesterday as the city's Administration for Children's Services said it was starting its own full investigation of its handling of the troubled family.
Baby Drowned as Mother
Listened to CD's, Prosecutor Says, NYT, 9.11.2005,
Une proposition en as peut également exprimer le résultat, l'effet, la conséquence.
Schéma :
proposition causale
+ as
proposition résultative.
asconjonction
valeurs > causalité directe / indirecte, contextualisation
autres énoncés
Taxpayers' bill rockets [ effet, conséquence ] asconjonction high-speed rail line arrives [ contexte, cause ]
Headline,
A major deployment of troops to Iraq is expected to be announced today asconjonction ministers brace themselves for criticism over how the UK has handled post-war planning. Defence Secretary Geoff Hoon, embattled by the David Kelly affair, and Foreign Secretary Jack Straw, were both set to make statements to MPs on Iraq asconjonction the Commons returned for the new parliamentary session. It is believed between 1,000 and 3,000 extra personnel will be sent to Iraq to boost the 10,000-strong UK force in response to the increased frequency of terrorist bombings and attacks on coalition forces in Iraq. 'Hoon to send more troops to Iraq' , PA, 8.9.2003.
Will fact match fiction asconjonction scientists start work on thinking robot? Headline, GI, p. 3, 25.8.2003.
Ecologists fear disaster [ effet, conséquence ] asconjonction oil rush takes grip in quake zone [ contexte, cause ]:
Russian island to be turned into Japan's energy hub in project worth billions to Shell Headline, GI, p. 9, 25.8.2003.
Drivers were dragged at random from their vehicles and beaten savagely.
One truck driver knelt in the road, helplessly semi-conscious, [effet ] asconjonction a bypasser kicked him in the head. [ cause ]
The driver is now in grave condition in hospital.
The
night Beirut came to downtown Los Angeles,
Gusts of more than 100mph reached the Outer Banks of North Carolina by yesterday afternoon, and were expected to increase [ effet, conséquence ] asconjonction the eye of the storm reached inland. [ contexte, cause ]
100mph winds batter US
east coast,
Iran rages [ effet, conséquence ] asconjonction UN imposes nuclear bomb deadline [ contexte, cause ] Headline, WT, p.18, 17/23.9.2003.
The FTSE 100 Index continued its retreat towards the 4000 mark asconjonction gloomy economic data from the United States rocked sentiment. Weaker-than-expected consumer confidence figures were largely to blame asconjonction the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 100 points by the time of London's close. FTSE rocked by US economic data, PA, 30.9.2003.
Bremer survived Baghdad convoy attack
Revelation of shooting raises fear of coalition infiltration asconjonction contextuelle violence grows between Sunnis and Shias [ contexte ]
Headline and sub,
Palestinian girl of four shot dead asconjonction Rafah toll rises to 43 Headline,
IoS, 23.5.2004,
Children among 20 dead asconjonction Israeli army begins huge crackdown on Rafah
Palestinian fighters vow to defend camp house by house
Headline and sub,
G, 19.5.2004,
US rates set to rise asconjonction job numbers grow
Headline, G, 4.6.2004,
Former US president shows careful contrition over affair asconjonction he promotes his autobiography on TV
Clinton: my moral error with
Monica, sub, G, 18.6.2004,
asconjonction
concomitance / actions simultanées
Une proposition (SVO) en as peut également indiquer une circonstance, une concomitance / coïncidence, fortuite ou préméditée.
asconjonction se traduit alors par "au moment où" (valeur emphatique) "alors que" (valeur emphatique) "pendant que".
Autre traduction possible : participe passé > voir ci-dessous > "Bombardés de tous côtés, ..."
The Guardian p. 1 29 July 2006
New Orleans firefighters walk through water asconjonction a looted sports store burns in the background in the city of New Orleans August 31, 2005.
Hellish scenes of death, damage, and chaos wracked the U.S. Gulf Coast on Wednesday as overwhelmed authorities tried to rescue the living and count the dead amid the destruction left by powerful Hurricane Katrina.
Photograph: Reuters/Jason Reed
New Orleans evacuation slows as shooting, chaos erupt R Thu Sep 1, 2005 11:38 AM ET
http://today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=topNews&storyID=
June 09, 2005
Four teenagers held after woman is found weeping over the body of her 15-year-old daughter
asconjonction police search for clues
FOUR youths were arrested yesterday after a 15-year-old girl lost her life in a violent confrontation with a gang of teenagers.
Aimee Wellock, an “outgoing and friendly” girl who lived for dancing, was found collapsed in a meadow behind her home outside Bradford, West Yorkshire, by her mother.
A neighbour said that she found Aimee’s mother hunched over her daughter’s body, screaming and willing her to start breathing. Headline, sub and first §§, Ts, 9.6.2005 http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2-1646695,00.html - broken link
1 - si le jeune homme est tué par balles, ce n'est pas parce qu'il sortait du restaurant.
Les deux faits sont simplement concomitants, il n'y a de relation de cause à effet :
l'un (sortir du restaurant = corconstance) n'est pas la cause directe de l'autre (être assassiné).
ENCINO -- A 27-year-old man was shot to death Sunday night in his convertible asconjonction he left an upscale Ventura Boulevard restaurant, police said Monday.
Man
slain as he leaves
restaurant
2 - le fait que le jeune homme rencontre la Reine à un coin de rue relève du hasard :
Asconjonction he was rushing around a corner, he bumped into a rather stout, finely dressed lady. Begging her pardon, he was about to run off. But the lady said, "Little boy, where are you going in such a hurry?" He replied, "To see the Queen." The lady smiled at him and said, "You might as well go home because you have just seen her." The Magpie Sings
the Great Depression:
3 - si un enregistrement de Ben Laden est communiqué aux médias dans la nuit du 10 au 11 septembre 2003, c'est pour qu'il soit diffusé le 11 septembre, jour anniversaire de l'attentat contre les tours du World Trade Center à New York (11 septembre 2001).
Les terroristes veulent que cette diffusion coïncide avec les commémorations.
Osama bin Laden appeared to have emerged from the shadows last night to deliver a bloodcurdling message to America asconjonction [ alors que ] the nation prepared to remember the 3,016 people his al-Qaeda terror network murdered two years ago today.
Bin Laden back to
taunt US on 9/11:
4 - A massive earthquake is feared to have killed up to 10,000 people asconjonction they slept in an historic Iranian city city. 10,000
feared dead in Iran earthquake,
si des milliers personnes ont perdu la vie dans le tremblement de terre, ce n'est pas parce qu'elles dormaient.
La proposition as they slept in an historic Iranian city city n'indique pas la cause de la proposition principale : A massive earthquake is feared to have killed up to 10,000 people.
La proposition en as n'apporte ici qu'un complément d'information, une information relative aux circonstances de la catastrophe ("toile de fond", contexte).
Sens ajouté : le fait que les victimes dormaient rend l'information encore plus dramatique.
5 - Thousands greet the New Year as the North shivers (titre).
La mise en conjonction par as de deux propositions est ici arbitraire, sans logique, comme le montre le reste de l'article.
Il n'y a aucun rapport de causalité, direct ou indirect, entre les deux premiers tiers du texte, consacré à la vague de froid, et le dernier tiers, qui décrit les festivités du nouvel an.
Thousands greet the New Year as the North shivers
The New Year blew in yesterday with gales, blizzards and torrential rain as wintry weather took a grip of much of the country, prompting the Met Office to issue a severe-weather warning. An eight-year-old boy was killed when a tree was toppled by gale-force winds in Dunham Park, near Altrincham, Cheshire. Three other people, including a two-year-old girl, were injured. Drivers in the North were told to carry spades, warm clothes and water if they ventured out, because of the danger of snow drifts. Gusts of more than 65mph would create blizzard conditions, the Highways Agency warned. Police in Cumbria received about 20 reports of fallen trees blocking roads. Light flooding caused by heavy rain led to a spate of accidents, a spokesman said. "Our patrols have been put under pressure by a huge number of wind-related incidents." he said. "There have also been a number of problems with heavy surface water after heavy rainfall started at about midday. There were downpours of torrential rain which weren't adequately dealt with by drainage systems and consequently caused a spate of accidents." Three football matches in the North-west of England were abandoned because of the weather. The weather is expected to turn milder by the end of today. New Year celebrations continued yesterday with half a million gathering in central London for the 19th annual parade. Around 10,000 performers, including marching bands and dance troupes from around the world, took part in the three-hour event which began in Parliament Square and finished in Piccadilly. Volunteers collected tens of thousands of pounds for tsunami appeals en route. A spokesman for the event said: "I think the poignancy of this New Year wasn't lost on people. They enjoyed themselves but didn't forget about the people who are suffering."
Thousands greet the New Year as the North shivers,
concomitance > autres énoncés
The Independent on Sunday has learnt that Securicor, which already has a contract to tag criminals, has met Home Office and Immigration Service officials to discuss controversial plans to fit electronic tags to immigrants. It comes asconjonction the Government faces increasing criticism over its failur to track asylum-seekers. David Blunkett, the Home Secretary, admitted in a BBC interview last week that he had no idea how many illegal asylum seekers were in Britain. Secret plan to tag
asylum seekers, I, 28.9.2003,
The family of a woman shot dead in a robbery on her jewellery shop in suburban Nottingham called yesterday for the government to do more to stop crime. Asconjonction the home secretary, David Blunkett, announced record police numbers, the daughters of Marian Bates claimed that while in the past they had known their local bobby well, nowadays they did not set eyes on a police officer from one week to the next. Bring back our bobby, say gun victim's daughters :Family of woman shot dead in jewellery shop reveal husband's pleas for more police patrols as they urge Blunkett to do more to stop crime, G, 3.10.2003, https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/oct/03/ ukcrime.ukguns
Get the latest business news asconjonction it breaks Guardian ad, G, web edition, 7.10.2003.
Tristram Hunt, one of Britain's leading young historians, joins veterans on Gold beach, Normandy, asconjonction the heroes of D-Day mourn their fallen comrades and remember how they won the Allies' greatest strategic gamble
One last time they gather, the
Greatest Generation,
explication directe ou indirecte,
la proposition A est expliquée, développée, précisée par la proposition en as
La proposition en as sert alors à justifier / expliquer / mettre en perspective un jugement, un fait, une tendance, un événement.
Le "parce que" n'est pas ici causatif, mais explicatif : l'énonciateur répond à la question "pourquoi ?".
Dans ce contexte, asconjonction peut se traduire par :
"comme", "puisque", "parce que" , "étant donné que", "vu que".
1 - Bradman, who lives alone in his suburban Adelaide home, said he was just asadverbe thrilled to learn England's Sir Jack Hobbs had also been selected aspréposition one of the top five players. ''I am very pleased that Jack Hobbs was also chosen, as conjonction he was one of my boyhood heroes,''[ explication de la principale ] Bradman said.
Bradman bowled over by Wisden
recognition,
1 - Si Bradman se déclare ravi du choix de Sir Jack Hobbs, c'est parce que celui-ci, ancien joueur de cricket, était le héros de son enfance.
Traduction explicative :
"Je suis ravi que Sir Jack Hobbs ait été choisi, puisqu'il était mon héros quand j'étais gosse." "Je suis ravi que Sir Jack Hobbs ait été choisi : c'était mon héros quand j'étais gosse".
1 comprend trois as qui ont chacun une fonction grammaticale différente :
- asadverbe : [just as] thrilled
- aspréposition : as one of the top five players
- asconjonction : as he was one of my boyhood heroes
NEW YORK (Reuters) - U.S. consumer sentiment rose in early December, according to a survey released on Friday, asconjonction consumers reacted positively to lower prices at the gas pump. [ explication ]
US Consumer Sentiment Up in December,
Stress is the big problem facing employers up and down the country
asconjonction rates of sick leave soar.
[ mise en perspective, indication statistique, explication : si les arrêts maladie montent en flèche, c'est à cause du stress ]
Life makes you sick:
Race to Bury Asia's Dead [ conséquence, effet ]
asconjonction Toll Hits 68,000 [ explication, cause ]
Tue Dec 28, 2004 11:06 PM ET Reuters
BANDA ACEH, Indonesia (Reuters) - Thousands of corpses rotted in Indonesia's tropical sun on Wednesday [ décor, toile de fond, contexte ] asconjonction rescuers scoured isolated coasts across the Indian Ocean for survivors of Sunday's giant waves that killed more than 68,000
[ action, description, mise en parallèle, superposition
On a ici l'inverse du schéma habituel : c'est la proposition exprimant l'action qui est introduite par as, et non la proposition indiquant le contexte ].
Redondance / reformulation
Reformulation d'une proposition par une proposition en as.
Bring back our bobby, say gun victim's daughters
Family of woman shot dead in jewellery shop reveal husband's pleas for more police patrols as they urge Blunkett to do more to stop crime
Headline,
bring back our bobby = do more to stop crime
comparaison
asadverbe ... asconjonction
Brown has moved asadverbe far to the right asconjonction Blair.
comparaison
the + sameadjectif + N + asconjonction + N
The advert showed the Graf's family's pre-war photograph of the Marieschi under the heading Buyer Beware - Holocaust Losses" and appealed for information. It was seen by Mr Beddington, one of the few people in the world who would be able to confirm a positive sighting. Venetian scenes are notoriously hard to identify but Mr Beddington is recognised as an expert in the genre. He had seen the Marieschi in the Englishman's home in France 13 years earlier. "I think it is highly likely it is the same painting as the one in the photograph," he said.
Christie's hides behind confidentiality over painting stolen by Gestapo:
so + adjectif + as + toviseur -> Base Verbale
The handling by education officials of allegations of sexual abuse against a TV writer and drama teacher was so poor as to constitute a cover up, according to a damning report by the Welsh children's commissioner.
Education officials condemned over
abuse 'cover up',
asadverbe -> adjectif + asadverbe -> adverbe + asconjonction -> N
Has anybody ever become asadverbe famous asadverbe quickly asconjonction Susan Boyle?
Susan Boyle: What happened to the dream?
In one incredible year, Susan Boyle has gone from obscurity to global superstardom.
Butconjonction, asconjonction her family and friends reveal, it has come at a cost, while serious questions are being asked about the very nature of shows like Britain's Got Talent
Sunday 30 May 2010 The Observer Carole Cadwalladr
Has anybody ever become asadverbe famous asadverbe quickly asconjonction Susan Boyle?
On 11 April 2009, she was known only to her friends and family in the small town of Blackburn, West Lothian. Ten days later, the video of her audition on Britain's Got Talent had been viewed 100 million times.
Susan Boyle:
What happened to the dream?,
Voir aussi > Anglonautes > Grammaire anglaise explicative - niveau avancé
as > lien discursif et / ou logique
as > sens > temps / temporalité
asconjonction / afterconjonction
as > sens > effet, conséquence directe
par une proposition (SVO) en as
proposition en as : traductions
as ... as -> Adverbes, Adjectifs, Syntaxe
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